A Method for the Segregation of Emulsion Inner Phase Droplets Using Imbibition Process in Porous Material

The process of forming an emulsion is an energy-consuming process. The smaller the internal phase droplets we want to produce and the closer the droplets are in size to each other (monodisperse), the more energy we need to put into the system. Generating energy carries a high economic cost, as well as a high environmental footprint. Considering the fact that dispersive systems are widely used in various fields of life, it is necessary to search for other, less-energy-intensive methods that will allow the creation of dispersive systems with adequate performance and minimal energy input. Therefore, an alternative way to obtain emulsions characterized by small droplet sizes was proposed by using an imbibition process in porous materials. By applying this technique, it was possible to obtain average droplet sizes at least half the size of the base emulsion while reducing the polydispersity by about 40%. Oil-in-water emulsions in which vegetable oil or kerosene is the oily phase were tested. The studies were carried out at three different volume concentrations of the emulsions. Detailed analyses of diameter distributions and emulsion concentrations are presented. In addition, the advantages and limitations of the method are presented and the potential for its application is indicated.

SEISMICITY of the NORTH-EAST of RUSSIA in 2015

The results of seismic monitoring of the Magadan oblast, the Chukotka Autonomous okrug, and the shelves of the adjacent seas (Okhotsk, Chukchi, Bering, and East Siberian seas) are considered. There were 14 seismic stations working in the region. The new station “Gadlya” was opened on the Okhotsk sea coast. The catalog includes information about 290 earthquakes with energy classes KR=4.4–12.6. As usual, most of them (93 %) are localized in the Kolyma region. The total seismic energy released within the region’s borders was ΣЕ=4.6341012 J. According to the earthquake energy completeness map Кmin built for the region, minimal energy level of earthquakes, Кmin=5.0, is provided at two areas near the Susuman and Magadan stations. The station network can register without omissions the earthquakes with Kmin≥8 at the Okhotsk sea and Kolyma areas, with Kmin≥10.6 in the Chukotka area. In 2015 three earthquakes with intensities I=2–4 by MSK-64 scale were felt in settlements of North East of Russia. The 2015 strongest earthquake occurred on June 1 at 10h53m with KR=12.6 (MPSP=4.9), h=31 km in the Kolyma area. A maximum shaking intensity of I=4 was observed in Omsukchan settlement (∆=132 km). In March 2015 a swarm of 29 weak earthquakes with KR=6.2–9.8 occurred northeast of Talaya settlement. Epicenters of Kolyma area earthquakes were plotted on the tectonic zoning map of the Magadan region. Most earthquakes are confined to the main deep faults oriented in the northeastern and sublatitudinal directions. All hypocenters are located within the Earth's crust. The seismicity level of the North-East of Russia in 2015 according to the “SOUS09” scale was assessed as "background average" for the observation period from 1968 to 2015. Spatially, all earthquakes in the North-East of Russia are traditionally concentrated within the major seismogenic belts – Chersky, North-Okhotsk, and Trans-Beringian.

Design and integration of a drone based passive manipulator for capturing flying targets

SUMMARY In this paper, we present a novel passive single degree-of-freedom (DoF) manipulator design and its integration on an autonomous drone to capture a moving target. The end-effector is designed to be passive, to disengage the moving target from a flying UAV and capture it efficiently in the presence of disturbances, with minimal energy usage. It is also designed to handle target sway and the effect of downwash. The passive manipulator is integrated with the drone through a single DoF arm, and experiments are carried out in an outdoor environment. The rack-and-pinion mechanism incorporated for this manipulator ensures safety by extending the manipulator beyond the body of the drone to capture the target. The autonomous capturing experiments are conducted using a red ball hanging from a stationary drone and subsequently from a moving drone. The experiments show that the manipulator captures the target with a success rate of 70% even under environmental/measurement uncertainties and errors.

Study on working bodies of the soil preparation machine for sowing potatoes

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the parameters of the guide knife and the loosening pointed leg of the machine. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis and statistics were used in this study. Theoretical studies were carried out to determine the parameters of the guide knife and the loosening pointed leg of the machine. It is established that to ensure the required value of the crest height with minimal energy consumption, the height and length of the guide knife should be 8 and 15 cm, respectively, the angle of the knife blade to the horizon - 30º, the longitudinal distance from the toe of the ploughshare body of the knife toe – 13 cm. To ensure the required crumbling of the soil, the width of the pointed loosening paw should be 15 cm.

PHYSICS OF MOSFET NANOTRANSISTORS: FUNDAMENTAL LIMITS AND RESTRICTIONS

In the last one from the series of the tutorial review articles, devoted to physics of modern nanotransistors and aimed to serve reseachers, ingeneers, students and teachers in the universities, it is demonstrated that the existence of the minimal energy for recording of 1 bite of information leads to fundamental restriction on minimal MOSFET channel length and on minimal time of transistor swithching. The obtained simple estimation Lmin = 1.2 nm (for room temperature) is somewhat lower, than in reality, and it looks like that Si FETs with a channel shorter than 2.5–3 nm would newer be fabricated. This correlates with the results of numerical modeling of electron transport through the channel, which demonstrate that for short channels the greater part of current passes by tunneling below the barrier top, and the transistor loses its functionality, because the current in source-drain circuit is no longer governed by gate voltage.

Ways to ensure the efficiency and improvement the efficiency of hydraulic machines

In this paper, the methods of designing hydraulic drives with minimal energy losses are considered. As well as ways to reduce energy losses in hydraulic systems. The importance of the work is due to the fact that methods have been proposed to improve the reliability and environmental friendliness of the hydraulic drive.

Energy efficiency analysis of air dehumidification methods that determine safe microclimatic working conditions

Introduction. The article deals with the issues related to provision of air humidity parameters required for non-hazardous operation of various technical facilities. Problem Statement. The paper considers analytical methods for energy efficiency assessment of adsorption and condensation methods of air dehumidification, which provide safe microclimatic working conditions, and the influence of the operating modes of dehumidifying plants on the parameters of the microclimate. Theoretical Part. As indicators of the energy efficiency of each of the methods, it is proposed to use the energy costs that are minimally necessary for the implementation of ideal physical dehumidification processes and per unit mass of water units emitted from air. This ensures safe and comfortable microclimatic working conditions with minimal energy costs. The ratio of the specific energy costs of the condensation and adsorption methods shows their comparative efficiency. An electronic Id-diagram was used to determine the air parameters in the implemented dehumidification processes (cooling, condensation and adsorption of water vapor). Conclusion. Analytical dependences are obtained for the analyzed energy efficiency indicators that provide safe and comfortable microclimatic working conditions with minimal energy costs. Numerical estimates were carried out according to the most probable modes of dehumidification processes and air parameters. The parametric restrictions on the implementation of the adsorption dehumidification method are justified, in which it becomes energetically more profitable. The conditions under which it is possible to implement a combined dehumidification method to ensure safe microclimatic working conditions are determined.

Spherically symmetric ’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles

A general analytic spherically symmetric solution of the Bogomol’nyi equations is found. It depends on two constants and one arbitrary function on radius and contains the Bogomol’nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield and Singleton solutions as particular cases. Thus all spherically symmetric ’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles with massless scalar field and minimal energy are derived.