Diethylamine and formic acid-based ionic liquid in selective purification process of oil distillates of various viscosities

This paper presents the results of selective purification of oil distillates with a viscosity of 7.5 mm2/s and 18 mm2/s at [Formula: see text]C, as well as a mixture of these oil distillates obtained by compounding at various ratios using an ionic liquid based on diethylamine and formic acid as an extractant acid. The conditions for the ionic liquid dearomatization of the indicated oil distillates were determined by studying the influence of various factors on the selective purification process. Many parameters are set for the objects of research. The values of physicochemical parameters determined under various conditions are presented in the tables.

Long-term experience in anoxic wastewater treatment plants of planar MFC with Ce-doped cathodes

Planar MFC prototypes were constructed and experimented to operate as sensors of the anoxic condition in a denitrification tank of a wastewater treatment plant in Italy, during different times in 2018 – 2019. Electrodes were differently enriched with carbon paint containing nanotubes and CeO2 nanoparticles. Performances of different electrodes were compared. Results underline critical anoxic conditions in the tank, that caused a very low signal and phenomena of signal reversion during some period of the year. the activity of aerobic microorganisms and protozoa growing and grazing the bacteria on the electrodes strongly influenced the signal of the MFCs. The presence of nanoceria enhanced, for some extent, the MFC signal, both in presence of reversing trends and in absence of these phenomena. In absence of reversing trends, nanoceria enhanced the MFC voltage. Such signal trends from MFCs can give, in real-time, useful information to optimize the purification process without the necessity of frequent biological and chemical analyses.

Purification Process of a Recombinant Human Follicle Stimulating Hormone Biosimilar (Primapur®) to Yield a Pharmaceutical Product with High Batch-to-Batch Consistency

Recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (r-hFSH) is widely used for infertility treatment and is subject to the development of biosimilars. There are different purification strategies that can yield r-hFSH of pharmaceutical quality from Chinese hamster ovary cell culture broth. We developed a purification process for r-hFSH centered on immunoaffinity chromatography with single-domain recombinant camelid antibodies. The resulting downstream process is simple and devoid of ultrafiltration operations. Studies on chromatography resin resource and ligand leakage showed that the immunoaffinity matrix employed was suitable for industrial use and stable for at least 40 full chromatography cycles, and the leaked single-domain antibody ligand was completely removed by subsequent purification steps. All chromatography resins employed withstood the same 40 cycles of use without significant changes in separation efficiency and product binding capacity. The resulting industrial purification process yielded batches of r-hFSH with consistent levels of purity and bioactivity.

Purification of Industrial Copper Electrolyte from Bismuth Impurity

This work focused on purifying copper electrolytes from a bismuth impurity on a laboratory scale. The electrolyte came from Polish copper electrorefineries with the content of main components, g/dm3: 49.6 Cu, 160 H2SO4. The electrolyte was enriched in bismuth by Bi2O3 addition. Purification of bismuth contamination was carried out using selected agents with adsorbing effects, such as barium hydroxide octahydrate, strontium carbonate, barium carbonate, barium and lead sulfates. The trials were performed until achieving the Bi level—below 0.1 g/dm3. During the experiments, it was noticed that electrolyte purification degree depends on initial Bi concentration in electrolyte, time and temperature, as well as on the type and amount of the bismuth-lowering agent. The most satisfactory results of Bi impurity removal were with additions of barium hydroxide octahydrate, strontium carbonate and barium carbonate to electrolyte at 60 °C for 1 h. These parameters revealed the highest electrolyte purification degree. Bismuth is not removed effectively from electrolytes by barium sulfate or lead sulfate addition. The efficiency of the purification process is much higher when the agents are added to the solution in the form of carbonates or hydroxides. Extending the electrolyte purification process time may cause dissolution of bismuth from the resulting precipitate and increase of bismuth concentration in electrolytes.

Impact of the Purification Process on the Spray-Drying Performances of the Three Families of Lipopeptide Biosurfactant Produced by Bacillus subtilis

Lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis display many activities (surfactant, antimicrobial, and antitumoral), which make them interesting compounds with a wide range of applications. During the past years, several processes have been developed to enable their production and purification with suitable yield and purity. The already implemented processes mainly end with a critical drying step, which is currently achieved by freeze-drying. In this study, the possibility to replace this freeze-drying step with a spray-drying one, more suited to industrial applications, was analyzed. After evaluating their thermal resistance, we have developed a spray-drying methodology applicable for the three lipopeptides families produced by B. subtilis, i.e., surfactin, mycosubtilin (iturin family), and plipastatin (fengycin family). For each lipopeptide, the spray-drying procedure was applied at three steps of the purification process by ultrafiltration (supernatant, diafiltered solution, and pre-purified fraction). The analysis of the activities of each spray-dried lipopeptide showed that this drying method is not decreasing its antimicrobial and biosurfactant properties. The methodology developed in this study enabled for the first time the spray-drying of surfactin, without adjuvants’ addition and regardless of the purification step considered. In the case of fengycin and mycosubtilin, only diafiltered solution and purified fraction could be successfully spray-dried without the addition of adjuvant. Maltodextrin addition was also investigated as the solution for the direct drying of supernatant. As expected, the performances of the spray-drying step and the purity of the powder obtained are highly related to the purification step at which the product was dried. Interestingly, the impact of mycosubtilin concentration on spray-drying yield was also evidenced.

Synthesis of a new furan-bearing triazine dichloride compound

Donor-acceptor compounds have been receiving increased attention lately, especially in opto-electronic applications. In this work, a novel compound named triazine-furan, comprised of a triazine acceptor moiety and a furan donor side group, was designed and synthesised for the first time. The influences of temperature and the feeding proportion of cyanuric chloride to furfurylamine were investigated to optimise the reaction yield and purification process. The synthesised compound was characterised using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy.