WAR POETICS IN TS - ZH. ZHIMBIEV'S NOVEL "THE YEAR OF THE FIERY SNAKE"

В статье рассматриваются этнопоэтические истоки сюжетостроения в прозе Бурятии 2 - й половины 20 века. В основу обзора положен анализ романа «Год огненной змеи» Ц. - Ж. Жимбиева. Выявляются особенности использования символов и понятий этнопоэтики в названии произведения, сюжетной структуре романа и художественный опыт самого писателя в осмыслении начала Великой Отечественной войны, совпавшей по восточному календарю - литэ с годом огненной змеи. Автором статьи смысловое наполнение образа змеи, в мифологии монголоязычных народов выступающей символом врага, опасности, рассматривается в связи и противопоставлении с понятиями «война» как пожирающий огонь (пожар) и «враг» как змея, от которого страдает «народ». На основе анализа сюжетно - композиционной структуры романа доказывается, что чередованием глав «День» и «Ночь» Ц. - Ж. Жимбиев актуализирует смысловую логику понятия «война» как противоестественное состояние жизни, когда всё меняется местами: день становится мрачным и беспросветным проявлением темного, а ночь позволяет уйти от дневного мрака будней в сказочно - загадочное со звездами и небом. Обоснован вывод о том, что соединение реального и мифологического придает сюжету романа особую художественную полноту и национальный колорит, способствует усилению трагического смысла событий года «змеи», раскрывает характеры, моральные качества литературных героев. The article deals with the ethnopoetic origins of plot - building in prose of Buryatia of the second half of the twentieth century. The review is based on the analysis of Ts-Zh. Zhimbiev's novel "The Year of the Fiery Snake". It identifies the features of the use of symbols and concepts of ethnopoetics in the title, the plot structure of the novel and artistic experience of the writer in understanding the beginning of the Great Patriotic war, which, according to the Chinese calendar, coincided with the year of the fiery snake. The meaning of the snake's image, which in the mythology of Mongolian - speaking peoples serving as a symbol of an enemy, danger, is considered by the author of the article in connection and opposition with concepts "war" like a consuming flame (fire) and "enemy" like a snake that oppresses "the people" Based on the analysis of the plot - compositional structure of the novel, it is proved that alternating chapters "Day" and "Night" Ts-Zh. Zhimbiev actualizes the semantic logic of the concept "war" as an unnatural state of life, when everything swaps over: the day becomes a dark and gloomy expression of darkness, and the night allows you to escape from dark daily routine into a fabulous mystery with the stars in the sky. The conclusion is proved that the conjunction of real and mythological essence gives the plot of the novel special artistic completeness and national character, enhances sense of tragic events of the year of the "snake', and reveals literary heroes' tempers and moral qualities.

WAR POETICS IN TS - ZH. ZHIMBIEV'S NOVEL "THE YEAR OF THE FIERY SNAKE"

В статье рассматриваются этнопоэтические истоки сюжетостроения в прозе Бурятии 2 - й половины 20 века. В основу обзора положен анализ романа «Год огненной змеи» Ц. - Ж. Жимбиева. Выявляются особенности использования символов и понятий этнопоэтики в названии произведения, сюжетной структуре романа и художественный опыт самого писателя в осмыслении начала Великой Отечественной войны, совпавшей по восточному календарю - литэ с годом огненной змеи. Автором статьи смысловое наполнение образа змеи, в мифологии монголоязычных народов выступающей символом врага, опасности, рассматривается в связи и противопоставлении с понятиями «война» как пожирающий огонь (пожар) и «враг» как змея, от которого страдает «народ». На основе анализа сюжетно - композиционной структуры романа доказывается, что чередованием глав «День» и «Ночь» Ц. - Ж. Жимбиев актуализирует смысловую логику понятия «война» как противоестественное состояние жизни, когда всё меняется местами: день становится мрачным и беспросветным проявлением темного, а ночь позволяет уйти от дневного мрака будней в сказочно - загадочное со звездами и небом. Обоснован вывод о том, что соединение реального и мифологического придает сюжету романа особую художественную полноту и национальный колорит, способствует усилению трагического смысла событий года «змеи», раскрывает характеры, моральные качества литературных героев. The article deals with the ethnopoetic origins of plot - building in prose of Buryatia of the second half of the twentieth century. The review is based on the analysis of Ts-Zh. Zhimbiev's novel "The Year of the Fiery Snake". It identifies the features of the use of symbols and concepts of ethnopoetics in the title, the plot structure of the novel and artistic experience of the writer in understanding the beginning of the Great Patriotic war, which, according to the Chinese calendar, coincided with the year of the fiery snake. The meaning of the snake's image, which in the mythology of Mongolian - speaking peoples serving as a symbol of an enemy, danger, is considered by the author of the article in connection and opposition with concepts "war" like a consuming flame (fire) and "enemy" like a snake that oppresses "the people" Based on the analysis of the plot - compositional structure of the novel, it is proved that alternating chapters "Day" and "Night" Ts-Zh. Zhimbiev actualizes the semantic logic of the concept "war" as an unnatural state of life, when everything swaps over: the day becomes a dark and gloomy expression of darkness, and the night allows you to escape from dark daily routine into a fabulous mystery with the stars in the sky. The conclusion is proved that the conjunction of real and mythological essence gives the plot of the novel special artistic completeness and national character, enhances sense of tragic events of the year of the "snake', and reveals literary heroes' tempers and moral qualities.

SEMANTIC COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE HOMELAND IN THE CULTURAL SPACE OF YOUNG PEOPLE

В статье анализируются смысловые значения отношения к Родине в культурном пространстве российской молодёжи. Большая часть смысловых компонентов отношения к Родине связаны с историей российского народа и находят своё выражение в национальном характере в форме духовно-нравственных ценностей. Данные базовые компоненты отражены в нормативных документах, регулирующих процесс воспитания подрастающего поколения. В роли таких ценностей выступает исполнение нравственного долга перед Отечеством в форме служения ему и готовности его защищать. Другая часть смысловых компонентов отношения к Родине формируется в рамках молодёжных субкультур. Данные смыслы рождаются в процессе переосмысления молодыми людьми своего отношения к феномену «Родина». Результатом этого процесса становится переконструирование социальной реальности молодёжными группами в соответствии с их символическими универсумами. Анализируются данные, полученные в ходе проведенного социологического исследования, о связи ментальных и современных черт национального характера с отклоняющимся смыслом образа Родины в культурном пространстве молодёжи. Отмечается, что современные черты в большей степени связаны с отклоняющимся смыслом формирования отношения к Родине, чем с ментальными чертами. The paper analyses the meanings of attitudes towards the Homeland in the cultural space of Russian youth. Some of the semantic components of the relationship to the Motherland are largely associated with the history of the Russian people and find their expression in the national character in the form of spiritual and moral values. These basic components are reflected in the normative documents governing the upbringing of the younger generation. The role of such values is the fulfillment of moral duty to the Motherland in the form of service to it and readiness to defend it. Another part of the semantic components of attitudes towards the Motherland is formed within the framework of youth subcultures. These meanings are born in the process of young people's reconsideration of their attitude to this phenomenon. The result of this process is a reconstruction of social reality by youth groups according to their symbolic universes. The publication analyzes the data obtained during sociological study on the relationship between mental and modern traits of national character with the deviant meaning of the image of the Motherland in the cultural space of young people. The research shows that contemporary traits are connected with the deviant meaning of forming attitudes towards the Homeland rather than with mental traits.

Platonic and Aristotelian Teichopolitics

This paper provides a sustained investigation into ancient teichopolitics – the politics of constructing walls – and the question of whether the best city should be surrounded by walls. Plato’s Laws adopts the Spartan view that walls have a negative effect on national character and argues that they should be ‘left lying asleep and undisturbed in the ground’ (Leg. 6.778d). Aristotle’s Politics puts forward a series of objections to Plato and adopts the more pragmatic view that walls are necessary. Although both philosophers debate the status of walls and foreigners within the best city, they fail to draw the thoroughly modern connection between teichopolitics and immigration.

REGIONAL LITERATURE AS THE FOUNDATION OF STUDENT'S CHARACTER IN THE DIGITALIZATION ERA

Regional literature is a form of cultural product created by a group of people in an area to create a distinctive character. Regional literature plays a significant role in building student character, especially in today's digital era, because the rapid development of technology can affect culture and the existence of regional literature that has developed in previous societies. This research aims to know the role of regional literature in building character in students in the digital era. This research used the descriptive qualitative method. The analysis was obtained from a survey of several students from different regions and also using literature studies with sources from journals published in 2019–2021 related to this research. According to the results, the existence of regional literature in the current digital era is important in building the national character of a student because, if the existence of regional literature fades, the student's character as an Indonesian student will also disappear. The solution that can be offered is to preserve the learning of regional literature so that it can shape the mindsets of Indonesian students. This is because regional literature is a means of forming the quality of students with character in the era of digitalization. This research is limited to regional literary forms in general.

Bogatyr's horse in the structure of the concept “BOGATYR AS AN IDEAL PERSON”: the case of early olonkho texts

В олонхо в структуре концепта «БОГАТЫРЬ – ИДЕАЛЬНЫЙ ЧЕЛОВЕК» главным компонентом является «БОГАТЫРЬ», так как универсалия идеального человека представлена, прежде всего, через образ богатыря. Однако в якутском традиционном сознании образ богатыря неразрывно связан с его богатырским конём. Цель данного исследования – определение содержания ментальной единицы «КОНЬ» в культуре народа саха как компонента структуры концепта «БОГАТЫРЬ – ИДЕАЛЬНЫЙ ЧЕЛОВЕК», транслирующего особенности национального характера и национальную идентичность якутов. Материалом для исследования послужили ранние тексты олонхо Т. В. Захарова – Чээбий «Ала Булкун» (1906), К. Г. Оросина «Нюргун Боотур Стремительный» (1895). Ранние тексты олонхо транслируют мировоззрение, ценностные установки и этические нормы, определяют национальный характер. В них проявляются идеология и чаяния древних якутов эпохи становления и развития эпического самосознания. В исследовании были использованы системный и описательный методы. В результате изучения установлено, что в рассмотренных ранних текстах олонхо описание коня богатыря по объему намного больше и длиннее, чем в большинстве поздних текстов. Анализ показал, что в ранних текстах олонхо образ коня описан очень красочно и детализированно, он предстаёт крепким, сильным, верным хозяину-богатырю, а также обладает магическими свойствами. Такое содержание культурной универсалии «КОНЬ» складывалось на протяжении веков. Закрепленное в ранних текстах олонхо значение образа коня нашло своё развитие и в текстах современных олонхо. Конь – это один из всеобъемлющих образов, через призму которого можно приблизиться к пониманию якутского национального характера In the olonkho, the main component in the structure of the concept “BOGATYR AS AN IDEAL PERSON” is “BOGATYR”, because the universalia of the ideal man is represented primarily through the image of a bogatyr. However, in Sakha (Yakut) traditional consciousness the image of a bogatyr is inseparably connected with his bogatyr horse. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of the mental unit “HORSE” in the culture of the Sakha people as a component of the structure of the concept “BOGATYR AS AN IDEAL PERSON”, which translates the features of the national character and national identity of the Sakha people. The material for the study was the early texts of T. V. Zakharov – Cheebiy's olonkho “Ala Bulkun” (1906) and K. G. Orosin's “Nyurgun Bootur the Swift” (1895). Early olonkho texts translate worldview, values and ethical norms and define national character. They manifest the ideology and aspirations of ancient Yakuts in the era of formation and development of epic consciousness. Systematic and descriptive methods were used in the study. As a result of the study, it was found that the description of the bogatyr's horse in the examined early texts of olonkho was much larger and longer than in most of the later texts. The analysis showed that in the early texts of the olonkho the image of the horse was described in a very colorful and detailed manner, it appeared strong, loyal to the master-bogatyr, and also had magical properties. This content of the cultural universalism “HORSE” had developed over the centuries. The meaning of the image of a horse consolidated in the early texts of olonkho has found its development in the texts of modern olonkho. The horse is one of the comprehensive images, through the prism of which one can get closer to the understanding of the Sakha national character

Philosophy of the Female Image in the Context of Social Circumstances in Fiction

The philosophy of the image of a woman, her behaviour and functions in society have changed over time. The processes of transformation of the philosophy of the female image can be observed in fiction, which is a means of comprehending the life of previous generations. Therefore, female images help to know better the national character, national spirit, even the national idea of the philosophy of each nation. The study?s main goal is to reveal the philosophy of the female image in the context of the social circum- stances of fiction. For a better understanding of the evolution and development of the philosophy of the female image in world literature, we have formed a morphological analysis of the image of a woman in fiction and a matrix of structural elements of the image of a woman in fiction in the context of different timeframes.

Collisions of Local and Spiritual in State and Public Activities of Metropolitan Ilarion (Ivan Ohienko)

The article clarifies the views of one of the brightest and most significant figures of the Ukrainian church — Metropolitan Ilarion (Ivan) Ohienko on the spiritual and secular service to Ukraine and his practical activities, which naturally effectively combined these two aspects. This article notes that an important element that united the two ministries and substantiated them was the deep level of their interpenetration, where Orthodoxy acquired a national character based on traditions. The article concludes that during this ministry his views on the church did not undergo nonlinear evolution, but only acquired depth and system. Even when Ivan Ohienko was in public office or abroad, he attached great importance to moral, ethical and ecclesiastical issues. Despite the ideological closeness with the views of another prominent Ukrainian church figure Andrei Sheptytsky on church-state relations, education and revival of the Ukrainian nation, language and culture as factors of Ukrainian identity, Ivan Ohienko was still skeptical of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, seeing in it is an instrument of Catholicization of the Ukrainian people. Ohienko believed that in reality only an autocephalous church could be Ukrainian, which relied exclusively on the traditions and needs of the people. This was the criterion of the truth of Orthodoxy for him.

The Chronicles of the Great Opposition

The review is given on the book Vietnam: An Epic Tragedy, 19451975 by the English historian and publicist Max Hastings. The author builds the history of the struggle of the Vietnamese people against the French colonialists and American imperialists based on extensive factual evidence. Anti-communist beliefs do not allow the author to fully appreciate the role of the Viet Minh front and the Vietnamese communists in the victory over the French, but he recognizes the enormous authority of Ho Chi Minh. Objectively depicting the anti-national character of the Ngo Dinh Diem regime in South Vietnam and the American aid, the English journalist confirms with his book the main lesson of the Vietnam War, which proves that the internal political problems of another country cannot be solved by an outside invasion.

Silva Theutonica. Las jako mitologem niemieckiej odrębności

Since the fifteenth century, when Tacitus’ Germania was discovered, the Teutonic Forest has been the central mythologeme of the German imagined community created by successive generations of philosophers, theologians and artists. The interest in multiple relationships between the prototype native landscape of the forest and the Germanic national character grew throughout the nineteenth century, the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the interwar period, up to the times of Nazism.