Composição histórica da teoria eletrofraca: da reformulação V-A à detecção dos bósons W+, W- e Z0

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar uma Composição Histórica a respeito de estudos que culminaram na elaboração da teoria de unificação das interações eletromagnéticas e fracas, a Teoria Eletrofraca. Entende-se que as contribuições teóricas e experimentais envolvidas nesse processo constituíram novos rumos para a Física de Partículas daquela época e elucidaram questões relevantes para o entendimento da estrutura da matéria. Neste artigo, serão apresentados estudos que partem da Teoria V-A, apresentam as primeiras hipóteses de bósons mediadores para a interação fraca, possíveis relações entre as interações fracas e eletromagnéticas, e as contribuições teóricas e experimentais que consolidaram a Teoria Eletrofraca. Este artigo foi elaborado com base em encaminhamentos metodológicos de pesquisas em História da Ciência e pressupostos da elaboração de uma Composição Histórica, considerando fontes primárias e seguindo os princípios de inteligibilidade, valores cognitivos e fidedignidade, que resultam em um material que reúne elementos históricos, epistemológicos, axiológicos e científicos para a inteligibilidade de um conteúdo científico com objetivos pedagógicos e de disseminação de conhecimentos.Historical composition of electroweak theory: from V-A reformulation to detection of W+, W- and Z0 bosonsAbstractThis paper aims to present a Historical Composition about studies that culminated in the elaboration of the theory of unification of weak and electromagnetic interactions, the Electroweak Theory. It is understood that the theoretical and experimental contributions involved in this process constitute new directions for Particle Physics of that time and clarified relevant issues for the understanding of the structure of matter. In this article we will present studies that depart from Theory V-A, present the first hypothesis of mediating bosons for the weak interaction, possible relations between weak and electromagnetic interactions, and the theoretical and experimental contributions that consolidated the Electro-Theory Theory. This article was elaborated based on methodological referrals of research in History of Science and assumptions of the elaboration of a Historical Composition, considering primary sources and following the principles of intelligibility, cognitive values and reliability, which result in a material that brings together historical, epistemological elements axiological and scientific for the intelligibility of a scientific content with pedagogical purpose and knowledge dissemination.Keywords: Electroweak theory; Historical composition; Unification; Historical experiments.

SYNTHESIS OF EFFECTIVE IDEAS OF INNOVATIVE PROJECTS DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EIGHTH TECHNOLOGICAL ORDER

The subject of the article is the synthesis of ideas of innovative projects during the formation of the eighth technological order; the object of the article is innovative activity during the eighth technological order; the purpose of the work is to increase the efficiency of the synthesis of innovative ideas during the transition to the eighth technological order; to achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved: research and clarification of the concept and essence of innovative ideas; analysis of factors and methods of synthesis of innovative ideas in the process of development of a new technological order; formation of methods for the analysis of innovative ideas; description of modeling processes and business planning of projects for the implementation of these ideas; scientific methods in the article are: synthesis theory; theory of technological order, modeling theory, expert assessments, heuristic synthesis, structural and logical analysis of projects; scientific novelty of the article is associated with the development of methods for the synthesis and analysis of the effectiveness of innovative project ideas in the conditions of the formation of the eighth technological order.

The Chemical Theory of Phlogiston in the Cultural Economy of Fire: From the Enlightenment to Contemporary Times

The article focuses on how the chemical concept of phlogiston functions in the so-called economy of fire from the eighteenth to twenty-first centuries, in view of a shift in “pyropolitics” (politics of fire) in their relation to the economic paradigms (cameralism, industrial capitalism, postindustrial digital economy), and theories of chemical flame processes (phlogistics, oxygen theory,theory of detonation and deflagration). The phlogiston concept is explored as the key substantial notion of the phlogictic chemical theory of the Enlightenment (regarded also as a natural “cameralistic science” in terms of metallurgy), the epistemological metaphor of ignorance in nineteenth-century Marxist discourse. Phlogiston circulates in the economics of fire discourse as a signifier for surplus value (and some other Marxist terms). “Fire as equivalent to money” becomes, in petropolitical studies, a means for turning petropolitics into pyropolitics with the radical metaphor of “PyroGaia” (Nigel Clark) in the Anthropocene period.

General Summation Formulas Contiguous to the q-Kummer Summation Theorems and Their Applications

This paper provides three classes of q-summation formulas in the form of general contiguous extensions of the first q-Kummer summation theorem. Their derivations are presented by using three methods, which are along the lines of the three types of well-known proofs of the q-Kummer summation theorem with a key role of the q-binomial theorem. In addition to the q-binomial theorem, the first proof makes use of Thomae’s q-integral representation and the second proof needs Heine’s transformation. Whereas the third proof utilizes only the q-binomial theorem. Subsequently, the applications of these summation formulas in obtaining the general contiguous extensions of the second and the third q-Kummer summation theorems are also presented. Furthermore, the investigated results are specialized to give many of the known as well as presumably new q-summation theorems, which are contiguous to the three q-Kummer summation theorems. This work is motivated by the observation that the basic (or q-) series and basic (or q-) polynomials, especially the basic (or q-) gamma and q-hypergeometric functions and basic (or q-) hypergeometric polynomials, are applicable particularly in several diverse areas including Number Theory, Theory of Partitions and Combinatorial Analysis as well as in the study of Combinatorial Generating Functions. Just as it is known in the theory of the Gauss, Kummer (or confluent), Clausen and the generalized hypergeometric functions, the parameters in the corresponding basic or quantum (or q-) hypergeometric functions are symmetric in the sense that they remain invariant when the order of the p numerator parameters or when the order of the q denominator parameters is arbitrarily changed. A case has therefore been made for the symmetry possessed not only by hypergeometric functions and basic or quantum (or q-) hypergeometric functions, which are studied in this paper, but also by the symmetric quantum calculus itself.

Defining a Reference Architecture for Transformed Health Ecosystems

The paper discusses requirements and solutions for design and management of transformed health ecosystems. After introducing related definitions with reference to the transformation of health to P5 medicine, basics on systems, knowledge representation and management as well as system development processes and their formal representation/modelling from the perspectives of systems theory, theory of knowledge, languages and grammars are considered in some detail. As result, the ISO 23903 reference architecture is shortly introduced and compared with other existing approaches and standards.

Enabling Indigenous urban design : an examination of theory and precedents for application in Winnipeg

This research paper explores strategies for including Indigenous identities in the design of urban spaces and provides recommendations for the City of Winnipeg. As Canada’s Indigenous population is now primarily situated in urban areas there is growing demand for First Nations, Métis, and Inuit cultural expression to influence the design of the spaces these populations inhabit in cities. A review of salient literature pertaining to Indigenous involvement in planning processes and the translation of culture into urban design provides a theoretical basis for further investigation. Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand’s Maori Design Principles are used as a relevant precedent study. The search for precedents uncovers that practice is lagging far behind theory. Theory and precedent study inform a series of recommended actions for the City of Winnipeg with the intent of enabling Indigenous urban design in both reserve and off-reserve settings.

Enabling Indigenous urban design : an examination of theory and precedents for application in Winnipeg

This research paper explores strategies for including Indigenous identities in the design of urban spaces and provides recommendations for the City of Winnipeg. As Canada’s Indigenous population is now primarily situated in urban areas there is growing demand for First Nations, Métis, and Inuit cultural expression to influence the design of the spaces these populations inhabit in cities. A review of salient literature pertaining to Indigenous involvement in planning processes and the translation of culture into urban design provides a theoretical basis for further investigation. Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand’s Maori Design Principles are used as a relevant precedent study. The search for precedents uncovers that practice is lagging far behind theory. Theory and precedent study inform a series of recommended actions for the City of Winnipeg with the intent of enabling Indigenous urban design in both reserve and off-reserve settings.

Post-Industrial model of Society, Education and science in Philosophical concepts of Radical Pedagogy in the context of Globalization for the Sustainable Development

Critical theory of education should be based on a critical theory of society, which is conceptually analyzes the features of actually existing industrial and post-industrial societies and their relations of domination and subordination (oppression), conflict and the prospects for progressive social change and transformative practices that make projects more complete, freer life and democratic society. Criticality theory means a way of seeing and understanding, building categories, making connections, reflection and participation in practice theory, theory of withdrawal of social practice.This term contains an element of emancipation, liberation and self-determination of the oppressed and exploited masses, recognizing that people are socially excluded from the material security, education and decision-making can share vidrefleksuvaty their situation, realize that it is unauthorized again, and realize that they must organize themselves in order to change the structure of society.

METODOLOGI PROGRAM RISET IMRE LAKATOS

This research was based on the limitations of the human mind itself in providing and obtaining reasonable explanations, because at that time the desire to know something was obstructed from various myths which existedin that society so that myths were embedded in human mind. The focus of this research was on the methodology of the Imre Lakatos research program. The purpose of this study was to determine the process of research program methodology from Imre Lakatos. The method used in this research was library research, where the researchers looked for and read sources that match the title to be studied, such as books, articles, writings and journals that were relevant.The results of this study in the Imre Lakatos research program methodology included: First, the core (hardcore) functions as a negative heuristic. Second, the protective-belt which consisted of auxiliary hypotheses in the initial conditions. Third, a series of theories (a series theory), theory linkages where the next theory was the result of the auxiliary clauses added from the previous theory.