hepatic gene expression
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joni Nikkanen ◽  
Yew Ann Leong ◽  
William Charles Krause ◽  
Denis Dermadi ◽  
J. Alan Maschek ◽  
...  

Current concepts in evolutionary medicine propose that trade-offs and mismatches with a shifting environment increase disease risk. While biological sex also impacts disease prevalence, contributions of environmental pressures to sex-biased diseases remain unexplored. Here, we show that sex-dependent hepatic programs confer a robust (~300%) survival advantage for male mice during lethal bacterial infection. The transcription factor BCL6, which masculinizes hepatic gene expression at puberty, is essential for this advantage. However, protection by BCL6 comes at a cost following dietary excess, resulting in overt fatty liver and glucose intolerance in males. Deleting hepatic BCL6 reverses these phenotypes but markedly lowers male fitness during infection, thus establishing a sex-dependent tradeoff between host defense and metabolic systems. We suggest that these tradeoffs, coupled with current environmental pressures, drive metabolic disease in males.


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3693
Author(s):  
Riitta Ryyti ◽  
Antti Pemmari ◽  
Rainer Peltola ◽  
Mari Hämäläinen ◽  
Eeva Moilanen

The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is growing worldwide in association with Western-style diet and increasing obesity. Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) is rich in polyphenols and has been shown to attenuate adverse metabolic changes in obese liver. This paper investigated the effects of lingonberry supplementation on hepatic gene expression in high-fat diet induced obesity in a mouse model. C57BL/6N male mice were fed for six weeks with either a high-fat (HF) or low-fat (LF) diet (46% and 10% energy from fat, respectively) or HF diet supplemented with air-dried lingonberry powder (HF + LGB). HF diet induced a major phenotypic change in the liver, predominantly affecting genes involved in inflammation and in glucose and lipid metabolism. Lingonberry supplementation prevented the effect of HF diet on an array of genes (in total on 263 genes) associated particularly with lipid or glucose metabolic process (such as Mogat1, Plin4, Igfbp2), inflammatory/immune response or cell migration (such as Lcn2, Saa1, Saa2, Cxcl14, Gcp1, S100a10) and cell cycle regulation (such as Cdkn1a, Tubb2a, Tubb6). The present results suggest that lingonberry supplementation prevents HF diet-induced adverse changes in the liver that are known to predispose the development of NAFLD and its comorbidities. The findings encourage carrying out human intervention trials to confirm the results, with the aim of recommending the use of lingonberries as a part of healthy diet against obesity and its hepatic and metabolic comorbidities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 314-314
Author(s):  
Hunter L McConnell ◽  
Abigail R Rathert ◽  
Andrew P Foote

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to ascertain if supplementing calcium propionate (CaP) in varying amounts would result in the increased expression of genes related to glucose metabolism in the liver. The study utilized cannulated Holstein steers (n = 6) in a 3 × 6 Latin rectangle with three 15-d periods. The treatments were as follows: Control (no CaP), low propionate (100 g/d CaP), and high propionate (300 g/d CaP). The treatments were administered in halves twice a day through rumen cannulas. The steers were provided with ad libitum finishing ration, using Insentec feeders to record feed intake and unrestricted access to water. Liver biopsies were taken on d15 of each period, a day after a glucose tolerance test, and flash frozen. RNA was extracted from the liver tissue, reverse transcribed for cDNA, and analyzed through quantitative real-time PCR. Five target genes involved in gluconeogenesis were analyzed and included solute carrier family 16 member 1 (SLC16A1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC), and solute carrier family 2 member 2 (SLC2A2). Data were analyzed using a mixed model with treatment, period, and their interaction included as fixed effects and steer as a random effect. There was no treatment effect on hepatic gene expression (P ≥ 0.57). SLC16A1 showed a negative, correlation with d7 plasma lactate concentration (r = -0.84, P < 0.001) and a negative relationship with fasting plasma lactate concentration (r = -0.55, P = 0.028). SLC2A2 tended to show a positive correlation with fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.44, P = 0.09), fasting plasma lactate concentration (r = 0.43, P = 0.09), and glucose area under the curve (r = 0.46, P = 0.07). These data indicate that increased propionate may not have an impact on hepatic gene expression.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonu Subudhi ◽  
Hannah K. Drescher ◽  
Laura E. Dichtel ◽  
Lea M. Bartsch ◽  
Raymond T. Chung ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-503
Author(s):  
Rocío Soledad Martínez ◽  
Rafael Alejandro Palladino ◽  
Georgget Banchero ◽  
Rafael Fernández-Martín ◽  
Mariana Nanni ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jep Lokesh ◽  
Mylène Ghislain ◽  
Marine Reyrolle ◽  
Mickael Le Bechec ◽  
Thierry Pigot ◽  
...  

Abstract BackgroundThe use of plant-based ingredients in aquafeeds is increasing because marine sources of protein and oil are unsustainable. However, plant-based ingredients cause certain metabolic complications in carnivorous species such as rainbow trout. Here, we examined whether prebiotics have the potential to affect the metabolism of juvenile trout (Average weight: 25.88±0.91 g) via microbially derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), inulin or mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) were used at 1% or 2% in a 12-week feeding experiment. We measured changes in the intestinal microbiome, SCFA levels and metabolic responses in the intestine, liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. ResultsIn the intestine, gene expression and SCFA production did not change significantly with prebiotics, although the MOS fed groups were clustered differently. Prebiotics had a significant effect on the abundance of Bacillus, Lactobacillus and Weissella, although posterior intestinal microbial diversity and composition did not change significantly after feeding prebiotics. Two operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to Mycoplasma. dominated all samples with an average relative abundance of >95% per group. Intestinal microvillar structures were significantly improved in length in the inulin-fed groups. Systemically, overall hepatic gene expression was significantly different from control with inulin-fed groups showing upregulation of several metabolic and the fatty acid receptor genes. MOS fed groups showed a dose-dependent but contrasting response in liver and muscle. In addition, a significant reduction in final weight and SGR was observed in MOS fed at 1%. The relative abundance of OTUs belonging to Lactobacillus and Bacillus correlated with hepatic gene expression and final weight of the fish. ConclusionsInulin and MOS appear to differentially affect host metabolism, mainly in the liver and muscle. Differential abundance of Lactobacillus and Bacillus in the prebiotic-fed groups and their correlations with hepatic gene expression could indicate a prebiotic-microbiome-host axis, although this was not conclusively shown through the levels of SCFAs. In combination with a total plant-based diet, inulin could be a promising prebiotic for trout but need to be further investigated. These findings could implicate in microbiome-mediated dietary optimization of rainbow trout.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Yared Paalvast ◽  
Yanan Wang ◽  
Patrick C. N. Rensen ◽  
Albert K. Groen

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