huaihe river basin
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Author(s):  
Jiale Liang ◽  
Sipei Pan ◽  
Wanxu Chen ◽  
Jiangfeng Li ◽  
Ting Zhou

The booming population and accelerating urbanization in the Huaihe River Basin have sped up the land use transformation and the cultivated land fragmentation (CLF), seriously impeded the advancement of agricultural modernization, and threatened regional stability and national food security as well. The analysis of CLF degree and its spatiotemporal distribution characteristics, along with the influencing factors in the Huaihe River Basin, is of great significance for promoting the intensive and efficient utilization of cultivated land resources and maintaining food security. Previous studies lack the measurement and cause analysis of CLF in Huaihe River Basin. To bridge the gap, this study introduces Fragstats4.2 and ArcGIS10.3 to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of CLF in county units in the Huaihe River Basin from 2000 to 2018 through the Lorentz curve, entropy method, and spatial auto-correlation method while the causes of the spatiotemporal differentiation of CLF in the basin were explored with the help of a geographic detector. The results show that the spatial distribution of cultivated land in the Huaihe River Basin is relatively balanced, and the Gini coefficients of cultivated land from 2000 to 2018 were 0.105, 0.108, and 0.113, respectively. More than 56% of the counties in the basin have a location entropy greater than 1. the percentage of landscape, area-weighted mean patch area, patch cohesion index, and aggregation index decrease year by year while the patch density and splitting index show an upward trend. The landscape pattern of cultivated land is highly complex, and the overall fragmentation degree is increasing. The county distribution pattern of the CLF degree with random and agglomeration is generally stable. The spatiotemporal differentiation of CLF in the Huaihe River Basin is affected by multiple factors, among which the influences of the normalized difference vegetation index, per capita cultivated land area, and intensity of human activity obviously stronger than other factors, and the contribution rate of the factors reached more than 0.4. The interaction effect among the factors is stronger than that of single factor, with dual-factor enhancement and nonlinear enhancement dominating. The results of this study have important implications for optimizing the agricultural structure in the Huaihe River Basin and alleviating the CLF in important grain production areas.


Author(s):  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Wanli Gao ◽  
Yuying Li ◽  
Yeqing Jiang ◽  
Xiaonuo Chen ◽  
...  

As an important indicator of phytoplankton in water quality evaluation, the phytoplankton community structure is very sensitive to changes in water quality, and analyzing their community composition and function is of great significance for the ecological management and maintenance of watershed environments. To understand the environment and ecological status as well as reconstruct or restore a healthy aquatic ecosystem in the Huaihe River Basin in China, a comprehensive phytoplankton survey was conducted in the main stream and main tributaries of the Huaihe River in 2019. A total of 266 species or genera of phytoplankton were identified, mainly belonging to Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta. The number of phytoplankton species upstream and downstream was higher than that in the middle. The results of phytoplankton biomass showed significant spatial differences in different river reaches (p < 0.05). The identified phytoplankton functional groups (FGs) were divided into 27 groups, including 16 representative functional groups (RFGs), followed by A, B, F, G, H1, J, K, LM, LO, M, MP, P, T, TB, WO and X2. The mean values of the Shannon–Wiener index and Margalef index were 2.47 and 2.50, respectively, showing that most of the water in the Huaihe River Basin was in a state of moderate nutritional status. The results of this study provided a reference for studying the composition and distribution of phytoplankton communities, nutrient status, and pollution levels in the Huaihe River Basin, as well as in other similar watersheds.


Author(s):  
Jinxin Zhang ◽  
Liangmin Gao ◽  
Zhendong Pang ◽  
Linghan Liu ◽  
Xiaoqing Chen ◽  
...  

Farmland soil samples from the northern and southern banks of the Wangbeng section of the Huaihe River Basin, China, were collected and treated with three different low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) (malic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid). This study aimed to determine how these acids affect soil phosphorus activation. The results showed that the average activation rate of total phosphorus, inorganic phosphorus, Fe/Al-P and Ca-P in soil samples from the southern bank treated with malic and citric acid was above 162%, except for organic phosphorus, with the highest at 192.04%. The three organic acids displayed significantly greater phosphorus activation in the northern bank soil samples than those of the southern bank. However, the overall average activation rate in the northern bank soils was lower than that of the southern bank. The four factors of phosphorus species, acid species, acid concentration, and treatment time had significant effects on phosphorus activation in the soils from both banks. This study showed that the three organic acids significantly activated inert phosphorus in the soil. Among them, malic acid and citric acid had a stronger effect on activating soil phosphorus and increased the available soil phosphorus utilisation rate.  


Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1446
Author(s):  
Guohua Fang ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Ming Xu ◽  
Xin Wen ◽  
Xianfeng Huang

With the aggravation of the ocean–atmosphere cycle anomaly, understanding the potential teleconnections between climate indices and drought/flood conditions can help us know natural hazards more comprehensively to better cope with them. This study aims at exploring the spatiotemporal patterns of drought and its multi-scale relations with typical climate indices in the Huaihe River Basin. First, the spatial patterns were identified based on the seasonal Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)-3 during 1956–2020 by means of the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF). The two leading sub-regions of spring and winter droughts were determined. Then, we extracted the periodicity of spring and winter SPI-3 series and the corresponding seasonal climate indices (Arctic Oscillation (AO), Bivariate El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)Timeseries (BEST), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Niño3, and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI)) and the sunspot number by using the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT). We further explored the teleconnections between spring drought, winter drought, and climate indices and the sunspot number by using Cross Wavelet Transform (XWT) and Wavelet Coherence (WTC) analyses. The results show that there are in-phase multi-scale relations between spring/winter PC1 and AO, BEST, and Niño3, of which the climate indices lead spring PC1 by 1.5–2 years and the climate indices lag winter PC1 by 1.5–3 years. Anti-phase relations between spring PCs and SOI and the sunspot number were observed. NAO mainly affects the interdecadal variation in spring drought, while AO and Niño3 focus on the interannual variation. In addition, Niño3 and SOI are more related to the winter drought on interdecadal scales. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between the monthly average precipitation/temperature and Niño3 with a lag of 3 months. The results are beneficial for improving the accuracy of drought prediction, considering taking NAO, AO, and Niño3 as predictors for spring drought and Niño3 and SOI for winter drought. Hence, valuable information can be provided for the management of water resources as well as early drought warnings in the basin.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3942
Author(s):  
Shan Sang ◽  
Taixia Wu ◽  
Shudong Wang ◽  
Yingying Yang ◽  
Yiyao Liu ◽  
...  

Terrestrial ecosystems provide a variety of benefits for human life and production, and are a key link for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). The basin ecosystem is one type of terrestrial ecosystem. Ecological security (ES) assessments are an important component of the overall strategy to achieve regional sustainable development. The Huaihe River Basin (HRB) has the common characteristics of most basins, such as high population density, a rapidly developing economy, and many environmental problems. This study constructed an ES evaluation system by applying a pressure-state-response framework as an assessment method for the sustainable development of basins. Taking the HRB as an example, this study determined the ES status of the region from 2001 to 2019 and analyzed crucial factors for any variation observed by combining remote sensing and climate data, relevant policies, and spatial information technology. The results highlight the importance of reserves and the negative impact of urban expansion on ES. Additionally, the enactment of policies had a positive impact on ES, whereas precipitation had a negative effect on ES in most areas of the HRB. Based on these results, the government should strengthen the protection of forests, grasslands, and wetlands and improve water conservation facilities. This study provides guidance for the subsequent economic development, environmental protection, and the achievements of SDG 15 in the HRB.


2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 100909
Author(s):  
Hui Cheng ◽  
Wen Wang ◽  
Pieter Richard van Oel ◽  
Jingxuan Lu ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ilyas Abro ◽  
Dehua Zhu ◽  
Ehsan Elahi ◽  
Asghar Ali Majidano ◽  
Bhai Khan Solangi

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2220
Author(s):  
Yimeng Sun ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Liu Yang

The amount of water taken from groundwater for agricultural irrigation is often not observed, while hydrological models have been extensively proposed to investigate the irrigation dynamics and impacts in agricultural areas. In this work, we propose an agro-hydrological model that integrates agricultural irrigation with the traditional Xin’anjiang (XAJ) hydrological model. In particular, the proposed model incorporates the FAO guidelines on crop evapotranspiration into hydrological routing of water balance and flow fluxes in unsaturated and saturated zones. The model was used to calibrate the groundwater irrigation amounts in terms of both the observed river discharge and the groundwater depth in the Xuanwu plain area of the Huaihe River Basin in China. The calibration and sensitivity analyses were performed by the shuffled complex evolution (SCE-UA) method. This method can be applied to a single-objective optimization of model parameters, based on either the river discharge or the groundwater depth, or to a multi-objective optimization of model parameters based on both of these objectives. The results show that the multi-objective calibration is more efficient than the single-objective method for capturing dynamics of the river discharge and the groundwater depth. The estimated means of the annual groundwater withdrawal for wheat and maize irrigations were found to be about 140.5 mm and 13.7 mm, respectively. The correlation between the groundwater withdrawal and the change in groundwater depth during crop growing seasons demonstrated that the groundwater withdrawal is the dominant factor for the groundwater depth change in the river basin, particularly in the winter wheat season. Moreover, model simulations show that the combined effects of the reduced precipitation and the increased groundwater withdrawal would lead to a decrease of the average annual runoff and an increase of the average groundwater depth. These estimates can greatly help in understanding the irregular changes in the groundwater withdrawal and offer a quantitative basis for studying future groundwater demands in this area.


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