Effect of Promotion, Price and Distribution Channels on My-Gell Pen Purchase Decisions at PT. Emico Mitra Cemerlang Medan

This research is motivated by the decreasing number of consumers of PT. Emico Mitra Cemerlang Medan in the period of 2020. The decline in the number of purchase decisions indicates that purchase decisions products from PT. Emico Mitra Cemerlang Medan by looking at the existing problems, this research is directed to analyze how to increase satisfaction with the support of increasing promotion, price and distribution channels. In this study, the criteria used are regular customers, what is meant by regular customers here are product users who have used PT. Emico Mitra Cemerlang Medan. The number of samples is determined based on the calculation of the slovin formula with a tolerable error rate of 10%, it will obtain a total sample of 100 people. The data analysis method used in this study is multiple regression. The result of the research shows that promotion, price and distribution channels have a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. The author's suggestion is to improve purchase decisions by increasing promotion, maintaining purchase decisions and setting price that are more in line with customer abilities. PT. Emico Mitra Cemerlang Medan needs to maintain elements that have been considered good by customers and need to improve things that are still lacking. Keywords: Promotion, Price, Distribution Channels, Purchase Decisions.

The Projected Images of a Thrift Store Chain in Japan

Being thrifty and frugal has become a distinct lifestyle choice. An insightful knowledge about thrifty and frugal consumers on the demand side has been revealed by previous studies. However, related issues on the supply side have largely been neglected. Therefore, this study aims to examine the projection of the thrift store images. By analyzing interviews displayed on public websites with the director and staff of Treasure Factory, a big thrift store chain in Japan, this study has revealed that the company is actively projecting its images. Among seven images, Treasure Factory is especially focusing on products, purchase processes and distribution channels (place), and customer benefits (psychology). The remaining images (prices, promotion, customers or people, and partnerships) are less emphasized but still harmoniously synchronize with and support the main images. Implications for the theory behind thrift stores and for the actual management of them are discussed based on these findings.

In search of opportunities for development of microinsurance by drawing on the experience of previous generations

Motivation: Notwithstanding the 30 years of the market economy, the Polish insurance market still reveals an exceptionally low level of penetration rates and insurance density. Attempts should be made to reduce the protection gap by introducing and popularising microinsurance products. Aim: The research aims to establish whether there exists a need for microinsurance products in Poland and whether there are conditions for its development, which groups it should target and what methods and institutions can reduce the protection gap. Results: Data analysis demonstrated that in Poland the lowest use of insurance coverage to manage risk occurs in the lowest income households, comprising groups of people with relatively low education: disability pensioners, farmers and workers. This results in lack of or limited access to insurance. Looking for a way to counteract this phenomenon, I suggest introducing and popularising microinsurance products targeting towards the above-mentioned groups. However, the use of remote microinsurance distribution channels may prove highly ineffective. Considering the above and the lack of trust in entities operating in the insurance market, it is recommended to create a legal environment enabling the inclusion of institutions and organisations acceptable to and enjoying the trust of these circles in processes involving marketing, distribution and, partially, the servicing of microinsurance. These players should consist of civic organisations, such as volunteer fire brigades, rural housewives’ clubs, activist organisations from religious communities, as well as those set up for mutual protection, e.g., relief and loan funds and savings and loan funds. A separate group targeted by microinsurance should consist of people who are young, open to new trends and interested in obtaining insurance coverage for a limited time, e.g., for the short period when they use a means of personal transport or other rented equipment, for which coverage can be obtained and paid for quickly and without undue formalities.

EXPRESS: Service Provision in Distribution Channels

Consumers may need help using an inherently complex product after purchase. This paper studies a manufacturer’s and a retailer’s incentives to provide pre-sales service and after-sales support in a distribution channel. The authors consider a model in which a manufacturer makes wholesale-price and channel-service decisions. Subsequently, a retailer makes retail-price and channel-service decisions. They find that, in the equilibrium, both channel members provide pre-sales service. If the fixed-cost investment needed to enhance the effectiveness of after-sales support is small, the manufacturer lets the retailer provide after-sales support. But when it is above a threshold and the retailer becomes unwilling to invest in providing after-sales support, the manufacturer steps in and invests in providing it. As expected, when the fixed cost is too large, the manufacturer also opts out of providing after-sales support. Interestingly, when the retailer provides after-sales support, the level of pre-sales service and the demand for after-sales support can simultaneously be the highest among all configurations. Finally, the authors demonstrate the robustness of their main results by studying alternative channel-service configurations.

Problemy badań literatury lokalnej na przykładzie mikroregionu podwarszawskiego w latach 1989–2016

This paper is concerned with ‘local’ literature as different from ‘regional’ one, local literature being addressed to a smaller, inward audience of a local community. The paper presents statistics on the number of books published in Warsaw suburban microregion, their types and genres, as well as on institutions, publishers and sponsors involved in their production. First, preliminary observations show that the number of locally published books increases yearly — this tendency is visible particularly in the last six years. The most popular genres are memoirs and history books, but the scope of local literature is much wider and encompasses such genres as novels, essays, guide books, poetry and many other. Institutions involved in the publishing process are mostly local societies, libraries and town councils and distribution channels comprise mainly local fairs and events, cultural centres, libraries and parish kiosks. The paper sketches prospects for future investigation in local literature, drawing attention to the problems of taxonomy and new types of relations between author/creator and auditory/consumers.

The Rise of Social Media and Digital Content in Auditory Rehabilitation: Quantifying the Reach and Effectiveness of New Distribution Channels

Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of actively distributing auditory rehabilitation materials through digital channels, with a focus on quantifying overall reach and qualifying user experience. The secondary aim was to assess users' experience and satisfaction with each platform. Method: A retrospective analysis of website traffic to two digital properties: (a) a blog where readers may comment on articles (with active distribution through social media) and (b) a static website with no comment function (with passive organic distribution) from March 2017 to October 2018 was performed. Two key metrics were analyzed across these pages: users and pageviews. Results: The blog received 48.4% more users and 97.0% more pageviews than the static website over the entire 20-month study period. Users were significantly more satisfied with the ease of finding the information and its quality via the blog. Conclusions: We conclude that social media–focused active distribution was indeed effective because it resulted in more total traffic, a greater number of users, more frequent access, and an overall high level of satisfaction with the quality of information and resources. This may have useful implications for improving the distribution of educational health care resources through digital channels.

Conflict and satisfaction in distribution channels: Hotel operators' perspectives in Cambodia

<p>This study examines hoteliers’ perceptions of the level of satisfaction and sources of conflict with both traditional and online intermediaries (TI and OI) in Cambodia. It unveils the overall level of satisfaction of hoteliers with intermediaries in Cambodia, discusses the sources of conflict, and assesses whether there are differences in terms of the levels of satisfaction as well as sources of conflict between TI and OI. This study is focussed on the supply side, which is hoteliers. A mixed methods approach is used for this study and 42 hoteliers in Cambodia were interviewed in three different regions in Cambodia: Siem Reap, Phnom Penh, and Sihanoukville. The study found that the overall level of satisfaction of hoteliers with intermediaries is very positive. The overall level of satisfaction of hoteliers with TI such as travel agencies and tour operators is perceived as satisfactory between "Somewhat good" and "Extremely good". Similarly, the overall level of satisfaction of hoteliers with OI such as Booking.com, Expedia, Agoda, and Ctrip is also perceived as satisfactory ranging from "Somewhat good" to "Extremely good". The results also reveal that the most common sources of conflict with TI are price level-related conflict, payment-related conflict, and price-quality ratio-related conflict. The least common sources of conflict for TI were booking details-related conflict, commission-related conflict, and overbooking-related conflict. Likewise, the most frequent sources of conflict with OI are price level-related conflict, overbooking-related conflict, and complaint handling-related conflict and commission-related conflict, booking details-related conflict, and fulfillment of contract conditions-related conflict were the least frequent sources of conflict. Some differences were found for the level of satisfaction and sources of conflict in terms of hotel attributes and respondents' backgrounds. Regarding the level of satisfaction, differences were found in the case of hotel size and hotel age with TI. Concerning the sources of conflict, differences were found in terms of respondents’ nationalities, hotel category, hotel size, and hotel age. It is surprising to note that no statistical differences were found in the case of hotel location, ownership, and respondents’ job titles.</p>

Conflict and satisfaction in distribution channels: Hotel operators' perspectives in Cambodia

<p>This study examines hoteliers’ perceptions of the level of satisfaction and sources of conflict with both traditional and online intermediaries (TI and OI) in Cambodia. It unveils the overall level of satisfaction of hoteliers with intermediaries in Cambodia, discusses the sources of conflict, and assesses whether there are differences in terms of the levels of satisfaction as well as sources of conflict between TI and OI. This study is focussed on the supply side, which is hoteliers. A mixed methods approach is used for this study and 42 hoteliers in Cambodia were interviewed in three different regions in Cambodia: Siem Reap, Phnom Penh, and Sihanoukville. The study found that the overall level of satisfaction of hoteliers with intermediaries is very positive. The overall level of satisfaction of hoteliers with TI such as travel agencies and tour operators is perceived as satisfactory between "Somewhat good" and "Extremely good". Similarly, the overall level of satisfaction of hoteliers with OI such as Booking.com, Expedia, Agoda, and Ctrip is also perceived as satisfactory ranging from "Somewhat good" to "Extremely good". The results also reveal that the most common sources of conflict with TI are price level-related conflict, payment-related conflict, and price-quality ratio-related conflict. The least common sources of conflict for TI were booking details-related conflict, commission-related conflict, and overbooking-related conflict. Likewise, the most frequent sources of conflict with OI are price level-related conflict, overbooking-related conflict, and complaint handling-related conflict and commission-related conflict, booking details-related conflict, and fulfillment of contract conditions-related conflict were the least frequent sources of conflict. Some differences were found for the level of satisfaction and sources of conflict in terms of hotel attributes and respondents' backgrounds. Regarding the level of satisfaction, differences were found in the case of hotel size and hotel age with TI. Concerning the sources of conflict, differences were found in terms of respondents’ nationalities, hotel category, hotel size, and hotel age. It is surprising to note that no statistical differences were found in the case of hotel location, ownership, and respondents’ job titles.</p>

TECHNOLOGIES FOR DIGITALIZATION OF DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS: THE ATTITUDE OF THE NEW GENERATION OF RUSSIAN BUYERS

At the moment, there is an active introduction of digital technologies into distribution channels. The digitalization of sales channels in Russia has created objective prerequisites for the development of collaboration marketing, the use of which involves the inclusion of channel partners in marketing work, network activity, and the provision of content and assets. In these conditions, it is important to understand the attitude of the most promising category of buyers (youth) to these processes. Therefore, this study is devoted to identifying consumer attitudes towards the introduction of digital technologies into the distribution channels of the Russian Federation. This article assesses the opinion of young Russian consumers regarding the digitalization of distribution channels. The result of the study is to test a number of author's hypotheses regarding the preferences of young Russian consumers in relation to online and offline purchases. According to the results of the conducted field research, it can be concluded that the risk of the disappearance of offline trade remains rather low. The study found that modern consumers are aware of e-commerce services and have high confidence in them, and they often make their purchases through marketplaces. However, despite the increased demand for online shopping, which is due to the coronavirus pandemic, consumers do not allow for a complete crowding out of traditional stores. The respondents are more likely to purchase only pre-selected and seasonal goods, while everyday goods, periodicals and limited-choice goods are still more likely to be purchased by modern consumers in offline stores.