grain refining
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Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Yan Song ◽  
Linjie Yang ◽  
Jiuzhou Zhao ◽  
Jie He ◽  
...  

Synergistic effect of TiB2 (in form of Al-5Ti-1B) and La on grain refining results in Al-2Cu alloy was investigated. α-Al grains are significantly refined by Al-5Ti-1B. When trace La is added to the melt, further refinement is exhibited. Average grain size and nucleation undercooling of α-Al reduce first and then almost remain unchanged with La addition. Satisfactory grain refining result achieves when La addition level reaches 600 ppm. When more than 600 ppm La is added to the melt, La-rich particles form and the effect of solute La left in matrix on the microstructure almost no longer changes. Theoretical calculation results demonstrate that solute La segregates to Al melt/TiB2 particles interface along with Ti and Cu prior to α-Al nucleation and the synergistic effect of La and TiB2 particles on grain refinement mainly attributes to the enhancement in the potency of TiB2 particles to heterogeneously nucleate α-Al by trace La addition.


2022 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 107496
Author(s):  
Zhenglong Lei ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Heng Zhou ◽  
Xuefeng Wang ◽  
Jingtao Liu ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-184
Author(s):  
Hasan A. Fattah ◽  
Mohammed Gouda ◽  
Salah Salman ◽  
Ayman Elsayed

Magnesium is a promising lightweight metal required in many industries such as automobile, aerospace, electronics, etc. It is also a biodegradable material, which eliminates the secondary removal procedure of the implant. Furthermore, its mechanical properties are similar to the mechanical properties of human bone.  In this research, eggshells were used as an environmentally friendly composite reinforcement material in the Mg-2.5Zn-1Mn matrix. Composites were prepared using the powder metallurgy route.  The effect of eggshells on the morphology, mechanical, and corrosion behaviour of Mg-2.5Zn-1Mn alloy was investigated. The results revealed an enhancement in grain refining ability and mechanical properties of Mg-2.5Zn-1Mn with eggshell additives. The corrosion behaviour improved at a higher percentage of eggshells (10%).


Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 977
Author(s):  
Waheed Sami Abushanab ◽  
Essam B. Moustafa ◽  
Ammar A. Melaibari ◽  
Anton D. Kotov ◽  
Ahmed O. Mosleh

In this paper, AA5250 aluminum sheets are reinforced with boron nitride (BN), silicon carbide (SiC), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and vanadium carbide (VC). The nanocomposites metal matrix are manufactured using friction stir processing (FSP). A novel analytical comparison based on an assessment of mechanical, physical properties and the cost of manufactured materials was conducted to help the engineers and designers choose the most economically feasible nanocomposite. The results revealed extra grain refining for all composites in the stirred zone (SZ) due to the Zener-pinning mechanism. The smallest grain size was obtained in AA5250/BN, and it decreased 20 times that of the base metal (BM). The highest wear resistance was achieved in AA5250/SiC, followed by AA5250/VC and AA5250/BN. The lowest coefficient of friction was obtained for AA5250/BN due to the self-lubrication property of BN; which was μ = 0.28. SiC AA5250 had the highest hardness, increasing three times more than the base metal in terms of its hardness. There was a detailed discussion of the probable explanations for the improvements. However, the outstanding characteristics of the BN nanoparticles, the AA5250/BN was reported to be lower than the AA5250/SiC. In comparison, the AA5250/SiC nanocomposite exhibits the optimum value due to its fitting for different properties relative to the cost.


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4597
Author(s):  
Mohamed M. Z. Ahmed ◽  
Khaled A. Abdelazem ◽  
Mohamed M. El-Sayed Seleman ◽  
Bandar Alzahrani ◽  
Kamel Touileb ◽  
...  

This work investigates the feasibility of using friction stir welding (FSW) process as a groove filling welding technique to weld duplex stainless steel (DSS) that is extensively used by petroleum service companies and marine industries. For the FSW experiments, three different groove geometries without root gap were designed and machined in a DSS plates 6.5 mm thick. FSW were carried out to produce butt-joints at a constant tool rotation rate of 300 rpm, traverse welding speed of 25 mm/min, and tilt angle of 3o using tungsten carbide (WC) tool. For comparison, the same DSS plates were welded using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). The produced joints were evaluated and characterized using radiographic inspection, optical microscopy, and hardness and tensile testing. Electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) was used to examine the grain structure and phases before and after FSW. The initial results indicate that FSW were used successfully to weld DSS joints with different groove designs with defect-free joints produced using the 60° V-shape groove with a 2 mm root face without root gap. This friction stir welded (FSWed) joint was further investigated and compared with the GTAW joint. The FSWed joint microstructure mainly consists of α and γ with significant grain refining; the GTWA weld contains different austenitic-phase (γ) morphologies such as grain boundary austenite (GBA), intragranular austenite precipitates (IGA), and Widmanstätten austenite (WA) besides the ferrite phase (α) in the weld zone (WZ) due to the used high heat input and 2209 filler rod. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of the FSWed joint are enhanced over the GTAW weldment by 21%, 41%, and 66% and over the BM by 65%, 33%, and 54%, respectively. EBSD investigation showed a significant grain refining after FSW with grain size average of 1.88 µm for austenite and 2.2 µm for ferrite.


2021 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 196-207
Author(s):  
Peng-Cheng Zhao ◽  
Guang-Jian Yuan ◽  
Run-Zi Wang ◽  
Bo Guan ◽  
Yun-Fei Jia ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 1100-1113
Author(s):  
Xiaoyi Yang ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Mengnie Victor Li ◽  
Hengyong Bu ◽  
Zongtao Zhu ◽  
...  

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