Fuel Planning Errors in General Aviation from 2015 to 2020

BACKGROUND: Planning, whether preflight or in-flight, is a cause of accident that is presumably almost entirely preventable. Planning skills on the part of the pilot should assist in avoiding dangerous situations with regards to light conditions, weather, fuel shortage, and/or improper weight and balance. Fuel planning is noted as especially unnecessary, as fuel planning is not considered a complex skill but part of proper flight preparation and in-flight planning.METHODS: A total of 196 accident reports from 2015 until 2020 were extracted from the NTSB online database in which the probable cause included either preflight or in-flight planning as a cause attributed to the pilot. Of those accidents, the majority (N = 131, 67%) were attributed to fuel planning and were further analyzed.RESULTS: Fuel-planning related accidents were significantly less often fatal compared to all planning-related accidents and all fuel-related accidents. The majority of fuel planning accidents resulted in fuel exhaustion. Additionally, the cause attributed to the accidents was frequently the skill-based error of “fuel planning (pilot)” and the crew resource management issue of “fuel-fluid level”. Specific information regarding the pilot’s fuel plan was only available in 52 (40%) of the accident reports.CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of fuel-related planning accidents suggests that this aspect of pilotage is underestimated and requires more attention both in training and in standard operating procedures. In particular, more detailed information regarding the pilot’s fuel plan is necessary in order to determine which step in the process most frequently results in an accident.Kalagher H. Fuel planning errors in general aviation from 2015 to 2020. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(12):970–974.

On the Meta-Analysis Review Towards efficient mechanisms for resource, energy, and data management in the fog computing

Fog computing is an architecture that uses collaborative end-user edge devices to carry out a large amount of storage, transmission, configuration, and module function. In this computingenvironment, management issue is the process of managing, monitoring and optimizing the correlated components for improving the performance, availability, security and any fundamental operational requirement. The management strategies have a great impact on the fog computing, but, as far as we know, there is not a comprehensive and systematic study in this field. Hence, this paper classifies the management strategies into three main categories, including resource, energy and data management. In addition, it defines the new challenges in each of these categories. Finally, the differences between the reviewed strategies are investigated in terms of scalability,reliability, time, and queries attributes along with providing the main directions for future research.

The Client Voices Pilot: Managing Knowledge in the NGO Sector in Aotearoa-New Zealand

<p>The purpose of this thesis is to present the Client Voices pilot project as an example of the type of knowledge management system that non-government organisations in the community and development sectors can use to leverage competitive advantage for their long term success. The four major knowledge management issue themes: connectivity, collaboration, content and capacity are discussed in detail throughout the thesis. The organisations, legislation, project background work and funding issues that created the environment for the Client Voices project are outlined. Following this an examination of the theory behind both knowledge management and competitive advantage is offered with a number of real-life, practical examples used for descriptive purposes. The Client Voices pilot project is then discussed in some detail in terms of the methodology employed as well as the fieldwork that undertaken. A critical analysis of the project is then presented using the four major issues themes and a number of recommendations are made for development practitioners and academics alike. Finally, the findings of the thesis are reiterated, the implications of both the Client Voices project and knowledge management in the NGO sector are posed and the effects of globalisation on grass roots NGOs as well as an alternative growth model are considered.</p>

The Client Voices Pilot: Managing Knowledge in the NGO Sector in Aotearoa-New Zealand

<p>The purpose of this thesis is to present the Client Voices pilot project as an example of the type of knowledge management system that non-government organisations in the community and development sectors can use to leverage competitive advantage for their long term success. The four major knowledge management issue themes: connectivity, collaboration, content and capacity are discussed in detail throughout the thesis. The organisations, legislation, project background work and funding issues that created the environment for the Client Voices project are outlined. Following this an examination of the theory behind both knowledge management and competitive advantage is offered with a number of real-life, practical examples used for descriptive purposes. The Client Voices pilot project is then discussed in some detail in terms of the methodology employed as well as the fieldwork that undertaken. A critical analysis of the project is then presented using the four major issues themes and a number of recommendations are made for development practitioners and academics alike. Finally, the findings of the thesis are reiterated, the implications of both the Client Voices project and knowledge management in the NGO sector are posed and the effects of globalisation on grass roots NGOs as well as an alternative growth model are considered.</p>

Review of Existing Knowledge and Practices of Tarping for the Control of Invasive Knotweeds

Managing invasive exotic plant species is a complex challenge, especially for Asian knotweeds (Reynoutria spp.). Tarping is a regularly cited but poorly documented control method, which consists of covering the ground with a tarp (agricultural tarp, geotextile, geomembrane, etc.) to create a physical barrier to hinder plant growth and deprive the plants of light in order to deplete their rhizomatous reserves. To improve our knowledge of tarping in order to identify the key factors of its success or failure, we reviewed the relevant grey and scientific literature and conducted an international survey among managers to collect feedback on tarping experiments. In the literature, as well as in the field, practices are quite heterogeneous, and the method’s effectiveness is highly contrasted. A better consideration of knotweed biology may improve the efficacy of the method. Based on the bibliography and survey work, we propose practical recommendations including covering the entire stand, extending the tarping up to 2.5 m beyond its edges for a period of at least six years, and ensuring regular monitoring. Even though tarping does not seem to be a one-size-fits-all solution to eradicate knotweed, it could still be a useful control method once knotweed has become a critical management issue.