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Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 274-282
Author(s):  
S. Zio ◽  
B. Tarnagda ◽  
O. Zongo ◽  
A. Boro ◽  
D. Elothmani ◽  
...  

Edible oils produced and consumed in Burkina Faso often do not meet established standards. The objective of this study was to evaluate the total gossypol level of refined cottonseeds oils and the oxidation state of crude peanut oils and refined cottonseeds oils in Burkina Faso to determine the impact on consumer health. A total of 61 samples including crude peanut oils and refined cottonseeds oils were collected in Ouagadougou, Bobo Dioulasso and surrounding areas. Total Gossypol and p-Anisidine value were determined by spectrophotometry. Peroxide value, acid value, soap residual value and mineral oils were determined by chemical methods. Total oxidation (Totox) value was determined by mathematical prediction. Overall, Gossypol total average of cottonseeds oils analyzed in this study was 0.032%. The p-Anisidine value average was 1.80 for refined cottonseeds oils and 11.65 for crude peanut oils. The Totox averages were respectively 19.37 and 28.36 for refined cottonseeds and crude peanut oils. The average peroxide values for refined cottonseeds oils and peanut crude oils were 8.52 and 8.33 mEq O2/Kg, respectively (p<0.05). The average acid values were 0.27 and 1.95 mg KOH/g for refined cottonseeds oils and crude peanut oils, respectively (p<0.05). None of the oils showed any mineral oil trace. The average residual soap values were respectively 1.47 and 8.32 ppm for peanut oils and cottonseeds oils (p<0.05). The majority values determined conformed to the Codex Alimentarius standard despite some cases of non-compliance. It is essential to improve the processes of oils production and conservation in order to have quality oils to guarantee the health of the consumer.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Gangqin Shu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Daojie Li ◽  
Yuan Xü ◽  
...  

Abstract The effectiveness of the classic screening strategy was verified, by duplicating and verifying the degradation of gossypol by the Aspergillus niger. It can reduce the free gossypol content through biosorption but has no effect on the total gossypol content and cannot effectively degrade gossypol. And the most interesting thing we found the strain can secrete agarase, utilise agar as carbon source. In this case, that will mislead researchers and lead them to make wrong judgments. That turns out the usual methods of previous screening strategies are not rigorous enough, the classic screening method has defect in screening toxin-degrading strain, so agar control group should be added. In this study, some suggestions are put forward to optimise the same type of experiments and broaden the idea of detoxification by microorganisms and provide reference for screening effective toxin-degrading microorganisms.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-376
Author(s):  
Varsha Satankar ◽  
Mohan Singh ◽  
V. Mageshwaran ◽  
Manoj Kumar

Use of cottonseed as protein source for food application and monogastric animals are restricted due to the presence of polyphenolic toxic content known as gossypol. Reduction of gossypol and improving crude protein content in cottonseed flour may increase its utility for feed and food industries. The present study aims to analyze the influence of three individual methods viz., sprouting method, enzymatic method and solvents method on free and total gossypol content, crude protein content, oil content and flour yield. Enzymatic treatments were performed using culture candida tropicalis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and combinations of both whereas for solvent treatments four different solvents namely acetone, ethanol, methanol and iso-propanol with their four different levels (70-100%) were applied. Results of this study revealed that 70% aqueous acetone showed maximum free gossypol reduction (97%), crude protein content (65.6%), oil content 31.3 % and 57% flour yield was observed. However, total gossypol reduction was only 51%. Other side, enzymatic treatment based on candida tropicalis found more effective in terms of total gossypol reduction (73%), however crude protein content was recorded only 39.4%.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3901
Author(s):  
Varsha Satankar ◽  
Mohan Singh ◽  
Vellaichamy Mageshwaran ◽  
Durwesh Jhodkar ◽  
Sushil Changan ◽  
...  

Cottonseed is one of the important by-products of the cotton crop. Researchers claim that cottonseed with less than 0.45% of gossypol is quite good for human consumption and animal feeding because it is a rich source of protein, edible oil, and energy. Total and free gossypols are the influencing parameters that reduce the edible nature of the cottonseed. In the present work, multiple quadratic regression models have been prepared to predict the reduction in the free and total gossypol percent. This response surface method (RSM)-based approach was applied to investigate the combined effect between input parameters such as acetone level, time of extraction, liquid-to-solid ratio (LSR), and the number of extraction cycles, whereas output responses are free and total gossypol reduction percentage. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) has been performed to determine the highly significant parameter. The optimum combination of input parameters was determined using the RSM-based desirability approach, and confirmatory experiments were performed to validate the combination. Results revealed that the number of extraction cycles and liquid-to-solid ratio significantly affects the reduction of free and total gossypol levels. The values of r-square were found above 0.9, which indicates that the developed models are suitable and reliable for predicting free and total gossypol reduction percentage.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
S. A. Ikurior ◽  
B. L. A. Fetuga

Cottonseed of three Nigerian commercial varieties of cotton, three locational composite seed cotton and cottonseed meals were investigated with respect to their content of gossypol (free and total), tannins, phytin and phytin phosphorus. Free and total gossypol ranged from 1.14 to 1.34% and 1.21 to 1.59%, respectively in cottonseed kernels, and 0.028 to 0.064% and 0.413 to 0.831%, respectively in cotton seed meals. Varietal and environmental factors appeared to influence the gossypol content of cottonseed while the variability in the meals was due to the effects of conditions under which the seed was processed. Tannins ranged from 26.25 to 38.50 mg/100g in the seed kernels and 3.13 to 6.75 mg/100g in the meals. From all indications varietalIocational and processing factors appeared to influence the tannin content of the seed and meals in a similar manner as they influenced the gossypol content. Phytin and phytin phosphorus did not vary appreciably between or within seed type, neither did processing of seed appear to affect their contents in the meals.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e50990
Author(s):  
Joy Iyojo Itodo ◽  
Rekwot Peter Ibrahim ◽  
Joseph Sankey Rwuaan ◽  
Tanga Aluwong ◽  
Bugau John Shiradiyi ◽  
...  

The present work evaluated the effects of feeding graded levels of whole cottonseed on reproductive parameters of Red Sokoto bucks. Twenty Red Sokoto bucks were used for the experiment. After a 14-day pre-treatment period, bucks were assigned for 90 days to one of four isonitrogeneous treatments: control (diet A); 0 mg kg-1 of total gossypol, (diet B); 15% mg kg-1 of total gossypol, (diet C); 30% mg kg-1 of total gossypol and (diet D); 45% mg kg-1 of total gossypol. The mean percentage sperm gross motility was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in group D (45% WCS) compared to groups C (30% WCS) and A (control) at days 60, 75 and 90. The mean semen pH and reaction time were not significantly (p > 0.05) different among treatment groups. Semen colour of the bucks in the control group was majorly creamy, in group C (30% WCS) and B (15% WCS) creamy to milky and group D (45% WCS) colourless. The mean semen volume was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in groups C and A compared to group D (45% WCS) at days 60, 75 and 90. The mean semen concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in group D (45% WCS) when compared to group A (control) at days 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90. Group A (control) bucks had significantly (p < 0.05) higher percentage live sperm compared to those in group D (45% WCS) at days 45, 60, 75 and 90. Mean Sperm morphological abnormalities including detached head, free tail curved tail and midpiece droplets were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in group D (45%) than in group A (Control) at day 15 (for free tails) and day 90 (for all). Testicular and epididymal sperm reserves were higher in animals supplemented with up to 30% whole cottonseed. In conclusion, feeding bucks above 30% WCS resulted in more deleterious effects on the semen characteristics and testicular profile.


2020 ◽  
pp. 44-51

Introduction: Testicular size is a good predictor of sperm production, service capacity and sexual development in most species. The correlation between body weight, scrotal circumference, testicular and epididymal sperm reserves in farm animals is very essential in the determination of fertility rates and reproductive performance. The present work evaluated the effects of feeding graded levels of whole cottonseed on weekly weights, scrotal circumference, testicular and epididymal sperm reserves of Red Sokoto bucks. Twenty Red Sokoto bucks were used for the experiment. Method: After a 14-day pre-treatment period, bucks were assigned for 90 days to one of four isonitrogenous treatments: control (diet A); 0 mg/kg of total gossypol, (diet B); 15 % mg/kg of total gossypol, (diet C); 30 % mg/kg of total gossypol and (diet D); 45 % mg/ kg of total gossypol. Mean weekly body weights and scrotal circumference changes were significantly (p < 0.05) different among various treatment groups; bucks in group C (30% WCS) gained the highest body weight and scrotal circumference while bucks in group D (45 % WCS) had the least. Mean testicular and epididymal sperm reserves were significantly (p < 0.05) different among various treatment groups; bucks in group C (30% WCS) had the highest while bucks in group D (45 % WCS) had the least. Result: Weight gain, scrotal circumference, testicular and epididymal sperm reserves of Red Sokoto bucks were higher in animals supplemented with 30 % whole cottonseed. Significance: The relationship between body weights, scrotal circumference, testicular and epididymal sperm reserves can be a valuable parameter in the determination of fertility rates, reproductive performance and economic significance in Red Sokoto Bucks.


Author(s):  
Rano Abdurashidovna Yuldasheva ◽  
Shodmon Ergashevich Namazov ◽  
Guzal Ruzievna Kholmuradova ◽  
Khusniddin Kholbozorovich Mardanov

Despite the greater achievements in the cotton breeding, in this article the issue of developing of initial materials was presented which hasn’t been almost studied yet for the breeding of the varieties with high (+)-gossypol traits through some breeding aspects including determination of the accessions with low total gossypol or nontoxic (+)- gossypol enantiomer among the world cotton germpool accessions, and involving them to breeding process. It has been emphasized that the researches on this concern are the prior tasks corresponding to the requirements of today and the future also the efficiency of of these varieties with positive traits in national economy, livestock husbandry and food industry. As research results it was noted that, there was possibility to select sustainable cotton progenies with high complex of agronomic valuable traits and high lint percentage among the F8-F9 developed by the method of ecologico- geographical long hybridization. Furthermore, it was concluded that the results of hybridization of the USA accessions with a high level of (+)-gossypol in seeds and local varieties were successful for both as developing of breeding material with high level of nontoxic (+)-gossypol in seeds and high lint percentage. KEYWORDS: cotton progenies, ecologico-geographical long hybridization, gossypol enantiomers, lint percentage.


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