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2022 ◽  
pp. 1703-1725
Author(s):  
Jeremy Riel ◽  
Kimberly A. Lawless

Educational simulations often require players to maintain a high degree of engagement for play in the simulation to continue. Student motivation and engagement is tied to affective factors, such as interest and self-efficacy. As such, game designs and teachers who implement them should promote student interest and self-efficacy in play. In this study, a responsive online professional development (ROPD) program was provided to teachers as they implemented a multi-classroom socio-scientific simulation game for middle school social studies classrooms called GlobalEd 2. A series of ANOVAs revealed that student affect toward the game and its content, including student interest and self-efficacy, was highest when their teachers likewise had a high degree of participation in the ROPD program. This evidence demonstrates the importance that ongoing implementation supports can have in classroom-based simulations and serious games and the benefits of ROPD in furthering the impact of simulation games.


Author(s):  
V. L. Malakhova

The article is devoted to peculiarities and differences of two linguistic fields semantics and pragmatics. The objective of the work is to state the extent of participation of semantic and pragmatic parameters in the process of sense formation. The relevance of the study is beyond doubt, since the pragmasemantic analysis of discourse functional space helps to identify the potential of linguistic means in the process of forming meanings and their transformation into integral sense under the influence of contextual factors, and to determine optimal ways of expressing communicative intention of the author of the discourse and of providing adequate understanding of the sense by the referent. The author also describes main features, differences and similarities of the concepts text and discourse. The specificity of semantic and pragmatic meanings, their correlation and the degree of participation in formation of discourse functional space are analyzed. On the basis of this, the algorithm for pragmasemantic sense formation is deduced. The author emphasizes that the initial meaning is formed by a semantic meaning, in the process of speech actualizing it is supplemented with a pragmatic meaning, which is further transformed into a pragmatic and semantic and communicative-pragmatic sense. This process is illustrated by fragments from works of fiction by contemporary English-speaking authors. The research uses semantic and pragmatic analysis and discourse analysis as the principal methods. The author describes their features, and proves the viability of their application to the object of the research. The author comes to the conclusion that the pragmasemantic analysis of English discourse makes it possible to understand the mechanisms of formation of meanings and sense of a speech work. The contribution of both semantics and pragmatics to the overall communicative interaction is undeniable, since any communication is necessarily analyzed taking into account semantic and pragmatic aspects.


Author(s):  
Luis Rodríguez-Yunta

In order to correctly interpret any study on Spanish production that includes Library and Information Science journals in citation indexes, it is necessary to know in detail what type of publications are being taken as source data. With this objective in mind, 12 foreign publications of this thematic category are analyzed in Scopus that have a higher degree of participation from authors attached to Spanish institutions. Most are owned by multinational publishing companies and are published in English. The production is very interdisciplinary, with a predominance of Scientometrics. As institutions, the CSIC and the universities of Granada, Carlos III of Madrid and Polytechnic of Valencia stand out. Scientometrics journal is the one with the largest number of works, followed by IEEE transactions on information theory and Investigación bibliotecológica. This case is the only magazine in Spanish of the 12 publications analyzed and the only title in which Library Science studies predominate. Resumen Para poder interpretar correctamente cualquier estudio sobre producción española que incluya revistas de Información y Documentación en los índices de citas se hace necesario conocer en detalle qué tipo de publicaciones se están tomando como datos fuente. Con este objetivo se analizan las 12 publicaciones extranjeras de esta categoría temática en Scopus que cuentan con un mayor grado de participación de autores adscritos a instituciones españolas. La mayoría pertenecen a grupos editoriales multinacionales y se editan en inglés. La producción es muy interdisciplinar, con predominio de la Cienciometría. Como instituciones destacan el CSIC y las universidades de Granada, Carlos III de Madrid y Politècnica de València. La revista Scientometrics es la que reúne mayor número de trabajos, seguida por IEEE transactions on information theory e Investigación bibliotecológica. Esta última es la única revista en español de las 12 analizadas y el único título en el que predominan los estudios de Biblioteconomía.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
S. M. Alimova ◽  
V. I. Sharobaro ◽  
A. V. Telnova ◽  
E. E. Stepanyan

Objective. Role of ultrasound examination in planning surgical correction of age-related changes of the face and neck soft tissues.Methods. A prospective analysis of the study and treatment of 80 patients with involutive changes in the soft tissues of the face and neck who were carried out from 2018 to 2020 in the Mositalmed Clinic. The age of the patients ranged from 24 to 60 years. The mean age was 42 ± 6.89 years (± SE standard deviation mean). There were 67 female patients (83.7%), male patients – 13 (16.3%).Results. The diagnostic value of ultrasound examination in involutional changes in the soft tissues of the face and neck for determining the causes of contour deformities is noted.Conclusion. Ultrasound imaging in an upright position of the patient makes it possible to determine the degree of participation of each tissue in the formation of deformity, which is extremely important for planning various techniques for rejuvenating the face and neck.


Author(s):  
В.А. Манухин ◽  
В.В. Попов

Для восприятия значительной части реакции килевой дорожки при доковании корабля в конструкцию поперечных переборок вводится центральная (доковая) стойка, размеры поперечного сечения которой выбираются из условия ее прочности и устойчивости. В традиционных методиках необходимая площадь поперечного сечения доковой стойки определяется без учета работы обшивки переборки и ближайших к диаметральной плоскости вертикальных стоек, что приводит к значительным размерам и весу доковой стойки. Кроме того, сжимающее усилие в стойке в методиках полагается линейно убывающим от максимального значения у днища до нулевого у палубы. В данной работе численно исследуется взаимодействие конструктивных элементов плоской поперечной переборки корабля при его доковании. Целью исследования является выяснение степени участия обшивки переборки и ближайших к доковой стойке вертикальных стоек в восприятии реакции килевой дорожки и уточнение характера распределения этой реакции по высоте доковой и вертикальных стоек. На первом этапе исследования авторами была разработана более простая плоская конечно-элементная модель собственно переборки. На втором этапе использовалась также разработанная авторами пространственная конечно-элементная модель части корпуса корабля, включающая, кроме самой поперечной переборки, прилегающие к ней палубы, борта и днище. Результаты, полученные по обеим моделям, показывают, что сжимающие напряжения в переборке локализуются в нижней центральной ее части, а реактивное усилие от килевой дорожки распределяется между доковой стойкой, ближайшими к ней вертикальными стойками и обшивкой переборки. Причем по высоте доковой стойки реактивное усилие уменьшается от днища к палубе не линейно, а быстрее, что приводит к увеличению критической нагрузки стойки при прочих равных условиях. Установлено, что при обеспечении устойчивости соседних с доковой вертикальных стоек эффективная площадь обшивки переборки и вертикальных стоек, воспринимающая реакцию килевой дорожки вместе с доковой стойкой, может составить более 50% от площади профиля доковой стойки. To perceive a significant part of the reaction of the keel track when docking a ship, a central (dock) rack is introduced into the structure of transverse bulkheads, the cross-sectional dimensions of which are chosen on the basis of its strength and stability. In classic methods, the required cross-sectional area of the dock rack is determined without taking into account the work of the bulkhead skin and the vertical racks closest to the diametrical plane, which leads to significant size and weight of the dock rack. In addition, the compression force in the rack in the methods is assumed to decrease linearly from the maximum value at the bottom to zero at the deck. In this paper, the interaction of structural elements of a ship's flat transverse bulkhead during its docking is numerically investigated. The purpose of the study is to clarify the degree of participation of the bulkhead skin and the vertical racks closest to the dock stand in the perception of the keel track reaction and to clarify the nature of the distribution of this reaction along the height of the dock and vertical racks. At the first stage of the study, the authors developed a simpler flat finite-element model of the bulkhead itself. At the second stage, the space finite-element model of the ship's hull part developed by the authors was also used, including, in addition to the most transverse bulkhead, the decks, sides and bottom adjacent to it. The results obtained from both models show that the compressive stresses in the bulkhead are localized in its lower central part, and the reactive force from the keel track is distributed between the dock rack, the nearest vertical racks and the bulkhead skin. Moreover, by the height of the dock rack closest to it, the reactive force decreases from the bottom to the deck not linearly, but faster, which leads to an increase in the critical load of the rack, all other things being equal. It has been established that with ensuring the stability of the vertical racks adjacent to the dock, the effective area of the bulkhead skin and vertical racks, which perceives the reaction of the keel track together with the dock rack, can contain more than 50% of the required area of the dock rack’s profile.


2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 41-61
Author(s):  
Mohammed SALEH ALAJMI ◽  
Fatema Ali Salim ALMAQBALI

The target of this study is to identify the degree to which school principals in the first cycle of the North Al Batinah governorate in Sultanate of Oman practiced their roles in implementing the partnership between the school and student families, and whether there were statistically significant differences between the averages of the chosen sample participants in this subject in Oman and weather if there is a major role played by the amount of experience of each individual. The study sample consisted of 244 female teachers from the first field in the North Al Batinah governorate in Oman, who constituted 17.2% from the total 1422 female teachers. A questionnaire consisting of 30 items was used, divided into 3 sections (cultural field, educational field, and the social field). In order to ensure the validity and reliability of the tool, it was applied to 30 teachers outside the sample under study, as the percentage of stability was according to the Cronbach Alpha coefficient .976 At the end and after analyzing the data, the partnership between the school and the family showed a high degree of partnership commitment, with an average of 4.19. The results indicated statistically there was no significant differences between the averages of the sample members for the degree of participation of school principals in North Al Batinah in Sultanate of Oman partnership between the school and the family which was due to the years of experience of the individuals. The study recommended the necessity of adopting a program to exchange visits between the principals of the first cycle schools and their counterparts in the rest of the educational governorates in order to benefit from their high experience in activating the partnership between the school and the students families, it also recommended that the media should play a role in broadcasting and publishing some programs that enhances the culture of partnership between the school and the families, and to also include a special field for activating the partnership between the school and the family in the school’s annual plan and programs. In addition, it also recommended creating an electronic educational platforms for students to help the guardian to follow up on all what is presented to the student, so that the principals are able to face and keep pace with any upcoming new challenges ‎.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 767-767
Author(s):  
Estela González ◽  
Carmen Requena ◽  
Paula Alvarez

Abstract Background Cognitive training for healthy older adults living in a community is an essential resource that allows them to live at home for as long as possible. Objective The purpose of the review is to examine the degree of participation of males and females in longitudinal studies of cognitive training. Moreover, we want to identify if these studies include the gender variable in their analyzes or reflect on its importance. Method: This review considered longitudinal cognitive training studies were published in English and Spanish and conducted with healthy older adults living in a community. Results The Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) study (in English) and the Memoria Mejor (MM) Longitudinal Study (in Spanish), both illustrate the trend of sex/gender treatment of the studies reviewed: a) high participation of older people seventy and more years b) recruiting stratified by age and sex; c) males are disproportionately underrepresented in cognitive training studies [24% - 14%]; d) the evaluation measures (baseline, follow-up, and final) and dropout data are provided but not stratified by age and sex/gender. Conclusions Researchers demonstrate awareness about the impact of sex/gender differences but do not focus on it. Understanding sex/gender differences are necessary for understanding not only that these differences occur, but also why they occur; this will allow policies or intervention programs with approaches that are more equitable for both sexes/genders to be formulated.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (39) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Rabiou Abdou ◽  
Issaley Nana Aichatou ◽  
Ahmed Lamine ◽  
Mikaillou Souley Issa ◽  
Agbo So Timothée Kouassi ◽  
...  

La présente étude a pour objectif d’évaluer l’efficacité et le rôle de la communication participative dans les champ école paysans (CEP) mis en œuvre par la Chambre Régionale d’Agriculture (CRA) de Diffa (Niger). La méthodologie utilisée s’est appuyée sur la recherche documentaire, l’observation directe, les enquêtes de terrain auprès des apprenants, des responsables des CEP et des encadreurs (CRA). Au total, 112 personnes, réparties en 96 apprenants, 12 responsables de CEP et 4 encadreurs de CRA, ont été enquêtées sur six sites d’intervention du CRA/Diffa dont trois sites dans la commune urbaine de Diffa, deux sites dans la commune rurale de Gueskerou et un site dans la commune rurale de Chetimari. L’analyse des données a été faite au moyen du logiciel Sphinx V5. Les résultats de l’étude ont montré des taux de l’ordre de 80% à 100% pour le degré de participation au CEP des apprenants, un niveau de connaissance de 100% du thème principal. Il ressort, aussi, des résultats de l’étude un taux allant de 78,12% à 100% de niveau d’adoption des techniques et pratiques agricoles par les apprenants. L’approche CEP, en tant que méthodologie de recherche-action formative et participative, se présente comme une voie convaincante pour faciliter l’adoption et la diffusion des innovations à travers le monde rural. L’originalité et la simplicité du processus permetent non seulement une meilleure appropriation des innovations, mais aussi une participation active des paysans à la production végétale vivrière d‘où une valorisation de la fonction paysanne. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and role of participatory communication in the Farmer Field School (FFS) implemented by the Regional Chamber of Agriculture (RCA) of Diffa (Niger). The methodology used was based on documentary research, direct observation, field surveys of learners, CEP managers and supervisors (CRAs). A total of 112 people divided into 96 learners, 12 FFS managers and 4 RCA supervisors, were surveyed at six RCA / Diffa intervention sites, including three sites in the urban municipality of Diffa, two sites in the rural municipality of Gueskerou and a site in the rural commune of Chetimari. Data analysis is done using Sphinx V5 software. The results of the study showed rates in the order of 80% to 100% for the degree of participation in the FFS of the learners, a level of knowledge of 100% of the main topic. The results of the study also show a rate ranging from 78.12% to 100% of the level of adoption of agricultural techniques and practices by learners. The FFS approach, as a formative and participatory action research methodology, presents itself as a convincing avenue to facilitate the adoption and dissemination of innovations throughout the rural world. The originality and the simplicity of its processes not only allow a better appropriation of innovations, but also an active participation of the farmers in agronomic production and therefore, an enhancement of the farmers function.


2021 ◽  
pp. 101-124
Author(s):  
John S. Dryzek

This chapter treats democracy as a way of approaching problems through involving a variety of interests and actors along with citizens in interactive problem solving within the basic institutional structure of liberal capitalist democracy. It is manifested in for example public consultation, alternative dispute resolution, policy dialogue, lay citizen deliberation, and public inquiries. The turn from government to more decentralized and networked governance can be seen as a kind of democratic pragmatism, though networks do not always enhance democracy. This problem solving must be a flexible process that involves many voices and cooperation across a plurality of perspectives. The degree of participation with which pragmatists are happy often corresponds to existing liberal democracies and enables congruence between the demands of rationality in social problem solving and democratic values, though efforts exist to deepen both the democratic and problem-solving capacity of participation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 5609-5621
Author(s):  
Zhang Jianguo ◽  
Wang Lili

The construction of scenic villages can not be done without the active participation of the local residents and it is of great significance to analyse the residents’ participation willingness and its related factors. On the basis of drawing experience from the present research results, we, through house-to-house questionnaire surveys and sampling interviews, survey residents in five villages of Hangzhou city about their willingness to participate in the construction of scenic villages themselves, participation paths and their attitudes toward external participation, and adopt the methods, such as exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA), to verify three hypotheses(H1, H2, H3). The study finds that: (1) the general participation willingness of village residents is comparatively high, but the participation willingness degrees of different village groups are quite different. According to the degree of participation willingness, the sequence from high to low is: village cadres > farmhouse and rural lodging operators > college village officials > staffs employed in the village enterprises > ordinary villagers > resident cadres. (2) There are relatively big differences among the villagers’ recognition degrees of different participation routes in the construction of scenic villages. The highest difference significance of the correlation is the multi-family joint loans (1.160). The lowest is to publicize, encourage and actively promote the construction of scenic villages (0.936). (3) The verification results are in favor of three hypotheses that the resident identity of the villagers has a significant impact on their willingness to participate, the path of participation, and their attitudes towards the external participation. According to the research results, the following suggestions are made: improve the awareness of the related subjects, especially the villagers by increasing the publicity; take measures to attract the active participation of the new business entities; open up the input channels to motivate the villagers; improve the public participation degree of the scenic villages’ construction by coordinating the relation among investment subjects and guaranteeing the villager’ interests etc.


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