cruciate ligaments
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Author(s):  
Harmen D. Vermeijden ◽  
Jelle P. Van Der List ◽  
Gregory S. Difelice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalda Ashraf Kharaz ◽  
Katarzyna Goljanek Whysall ◽  
Gareth Nye ◽  
Jane Hurst ◽  
Anne Mcardle ◽  
...  

Aim: Cruciate ligaments (CLs) of the knee joint are commonly injured following trauma or ageing. MicroRNAs (miRs) are potential therapeutic targets in musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to 1) identify if wild-stock house (WSH) mice are an appropriate model to study age-related changes of the knee joint and 2) investigate expression of miRs in ageing murine CLs. Methods: Knee joints were collected from 6 and 24 months old C57BL/6 and WSH mice (Mus musculus domesticus) for histological analysis. RNA extraction and qPCR gene expression were performed on CLs in 6, 12, 24, and 30 month WSH old mice. Expression of miR targets in CLs was determined, followed by analysis of predicted mRNA target genes and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Results: Higher CL and knee OARSI histological scores were found in 24 month old WSH mice compared to 6 and 12 month old C57BL/6 and 6 month old WSH mice (p< 0.05). miR-29a and miR-34a were upregulated in 30 month-old WSH mice in comparison to 6, 12 and 24-month-old WSH mice (p<0.05). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis on miR-29a and 34a targets was associated with inflammation through interleukins, TGFβ and Notch genes and p53 signalling. Collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) correlated negatively with both miR-29a (r= -0.35) and miR-34a (r= -0.33). Conclusion: The findings of this study support WSH house mice as an accelerated ageing model of the murine knee joint. This study also indicated that miR-29a and 34a may be important regulators of COL1A1 gene expression in murine CLs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanuka D. S. Ranmuthu ◽  
James W. MacKay ◽  
Victoria A. Crowe ◽  
Joshua D. Kaggie ◽  
Dimitri A. Kessler ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods such as T1rho and T2 mapping are sensitive to changes in tissue composition, however their use in cruciate ligament assessment has been limited to studies of asymptomatic populations or patients with posterior cruciate ligament tears only. The aim of this preliminary study was to compare T1rho and T2 relaxation times of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) between subjects with mild-to-moderate knee osteoarthritis (OA) and healthy controls. Methods A single knee of 15 patients with mild-to-moderate knee OA (Kellgren-Lawrence grades 2–3) and of 6 age-matched controls was imaged using a 3.0 T MRI. Three-dimensional (3D) fat-saturated spoiled gradient recalled-echo images were acquired for morphological assessment and T1ρ- and T2-prepared pseudo-steady-state 3D fast spin echo images for compositional assessment of the cruciate ligaments. Manual segmentation of whole ACL and PCL, as well as proximal / middle / distal thirds of both ligaments was carried out by two readers using ITK-SNAP and mean relaxation times were recorded. Variation between thirds of the ligament were assessed using repeated measures ANOVAs and differences in these variations between groups using a Kruskal-Wallis test. Inter- and intra-rater reliability were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results In OA knees, both T1rho and T2 values were significantly higher in the distal ACL when compared to the rest of the ligament with the greatest differences in T1rho (e.g. distal mean = 54.5 ms, proximal = 47.0 ms, p < 0.001). The variation of T2 values within the PCL was lower in OA knees (OA: distal vs middle vs proximal mean = 28.5 ms vs 29.1 ms vs 28.7 ms, p = 0.748; Control: distal vs middle vs proximal mean = 26.4 ms vs 32.7 ms vs 33.3 ms, p = 0.009). ICCs were excellent for the majority of variables. Conclusion T1rho and T2 mapping of the cruciate ligaments is feasible and reliable. Changes within ligaments associated with OA may not be homogeneous. This study is an important step forward in developing a non-invasive, radiological biomarker to assess the ligaments in diseased human populations in-vivo.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 019-026
Author(s):  
Kelechi Okwara ◽  
Michael Sunday Okpaleke ◽  
Uchenna Eusebius Dike ◽  
Anthony Ugwu ◽  
Joe Umunnah ◽  
...  

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries are on the increase in Nigeria and there is no comprehensive study on the relationship between cruciate ligament thickness with age and gender using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) among Nigerians. Aim of study: The study aimed to assess the thicknesses of the cruciate ligaments among apparently healthy Nigerian population using MRI. Methods: A total of Ninety-four (94) volunteers aged 21 - 70 years who were referred for MRI knee assessment without any ACL and PCL injuries after radiological assessment of their MRI images by a consultant radiologist were recruited for the study. The study was carried out between June 2018 and December 2018. The Age and gender of the volunteers were recorded and the procedure was thoroughly explained to the participants. After removing all non - MRI compliant metallic objects from their bodies, the volunteers lied supine on the couch, arms by the sides, with head first and the knees were positioned on the knee coils and immobilized with cushions.The standard knee MRI examination protocol was adopted for the examinations using a 0.2 Tesla Siemens Magnetom Concerto MRI equipment. The ACL and PCL were measured at the femoral end, midline, and the tibia end using the computer electronic calipers, and the averages were calculated. The Age and gender - related differences in the cruciate ligament thicknesses were tested using Pearson’s moment correlation coefficient and independent simple t-test respectively at a 5% level of significance. Result: The average ACL thicknesses for male and female subjects were 4.76 ± 0.78 and 4.56 ± 0.89 respectively while the average PCL thicknesses for male and female subjects were 4.76 ± 0.78 and 4.75±0.79 respectively. There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.005) in mean values of ACL and PCL between male and female subjects respectively. PCL thicknesses increased with age while the ACL thicknesses decreased with age. Age correlated positively with the ACL(r=0.2) as well with the PCL (r =0.4). Conclusion: The growths of the posterior and anterior cruciate ligaments have direct and inverse relationships with age respectively. Male volunteer subjects have thicker cruciate ligaments compared to female volunteer subjects.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Suzuki ◽  
Satoshi Yamakawa ◽  
Masaya Iijima ◽  
Hiromichi Fujie

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Mohamadi ◽  
Kaveh Momenzadeh ◽  
Aidin Masoudi ◽  
Kempland C. Walley ◽  
Kenny Ierardi ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Knowledge regarding the biomechanics of the meniscus has grown exponentially throughout the last four decades. Numerous studies have helped develop this knowledge, but these studies have varied widely in their approach to analyzing the meniscus. As one of the subcategories of mechanical phenomena Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, mechanical stress was introduced in 1973. This study aims to provide an up-to-date chronological overview and highlights the evolutionary comprehension and understanding of meniscus biomechanics over the past forty years. Methods A literature review was conducted in April 2021 through PubMed. As a result, fifty-seven papers were chosen for this narrative review and divided into categories; Cadaveric, Finite element (FE) modeling, and Kinematic studies. Results Investigations in the 1970s and 1980s focused primarily on cadaveric biomechanics. These studies have generated the fundamental knowledge basis for the emergence of FE model studies in the 1990s. As FE model studies started to show comparable results to the gold standard cadaveric models in the 2000s, the need for understanding changes in tissue stress during various movements triggered the start of cadaveric and FE model studies on kinematics. Conclusion This study focuses on a chronological examination of studies on meniscus biomechanics in order to introduce concepts, theories, methods, and developments achieved over the past 40 years and also to identify the likely direction for future research. The biomechanics of intact meniscus and various types of meniscal tears has been broadly studied. Nevertheless, the biomechanics of meniscal tears, meniscectomy, or repairs in the knee with other concurrent problems such as torn cruciate ligaments or genu-valgum or genu-varum have not been extensively studied.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 565-571
Author(s):  
Chilan Bou Ghosson Leite ◽  
Patricia Moreno Grangeiro ◽  
Diego Ubrig Munhoz ◽  
Pedro Nogueira Giglio ◽  
Gilberto Luis Camanho ◽  
...  

Congenital femoral deficiency (CFD) is a rare disorder with several limb anomalies including limb shortening and knee cruciate ligament dysplasia. Limb lengthening is usually performed to correct lower limb discrepancy. However, complications, such as knee subluxation/dislocation, can occur during this treatment. Here, we explore CFD knee abnormalities and knee dislocation during limb elongation, discussing when and whether knee ligament reconstruction prior to the lengthening would be necessary to reduce the risk of knee dislocation. There is not enough support in the literature for the routine reconstruction of cruciate ligaments in CFD patients. Of note, in cases of severe anteroposterior or posterolateral rotatory instability, cruciate ligament reconstruction might be considered to decrease the risk of knee subluxation/dislocation during the lengthening treatment. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:565-571. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200075


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Mahbuba Shirin ◽  
Salahuddin Al Azad ◽  
Farzana Alam ◽  
Md Menhazul Islam

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging is a very useful diagnostic tool for the detection of abnormalities of injured knee joint. Objective: This present study was performed to see the different abnormalities of injured knee joint detected by MRI among adult patients. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiology and Imaging at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSSMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from January to June 2021 for a period of six months. The patients in the age group of equal or more than 18 years with both male and female who were visiting Department of Orthopaedics at BSMMU, Dhaka with history of knee injuries were subjected to MRI were selected as study population. MRI findings of the knee joint were analyzed for the presence of any signal changes or lesions of varying severity for the structures of menisci, cartilage, bone marrow, tendons and ligaments of injured knee joint. Results: A total number of 65 cases of knee joints were analyzed. The mean with the SD of age of the study population was 35.34±13.371. The left knee (60.0%) was more involved than right knee (40.0%). The lesion in femur and tibia were found in 10(15.4%) cases and 8(12.3%) cases respectively. Out of 65 knee joints there were 41 joints were found the tear of anterior cruciate ligament. The complete, interstial tear in the anterior cruciate ligaments were 26(40.0%) and 15(23.1%) knee joints respectively. However, anterior cruciate ligaments of 24(36.9%) knee joints were found normal. Medial meniscus (36.9%) was more involved than lateral meniscus (18.5%). Conclusion: In conclusion young adult male are more commonly affected their left knee joint with the tearing of complete tear of anterior cruciate ligaments and involvement of medial meniscus. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, July 2021;8(2):80-84


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