Which factors affect the performance of technology business incubators in China? An entrepreneurial ecosystem perspective

To examine which factors affect the performance of technology business incubators in China, the present study proposes an entrepreneurial ecosystem framework with four key areas, i.e., people, technology, capital, and infrastructure. We then assess this framework using a three-year panel data set of 857 national-level technology business incubators in 33 major cities from 28 provinces in China, from 2015 to 2017. We utilize factor analysis to downsize dozens of characteristics of these technology business incubators into seven factors related to the four proposed areas. Panel regression model results show that four of the seven factors related to three areas of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, namely people, technology, and capital areas, have statistically significant associations with an incubator’s performance when applied to the overall national data set. Further, seven factors related to all four areas have various statistically significant associations with an incubator’s performance in five major regional data set. In particular, a technology related factor has a consistently statistically significant association with the performance of the incubator in both national model and the five regional models, as we expected.

Quantifying the Relationship between Antibiotic Use in Food-Producing Animals and Antibiotic Resistance in Humans

It is commonly asserted that agricultural production systems must use fewer antibiotics in food-producing animals in order to mitigate the global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In order to assess the cost-effectiveness of such interventions, especially given the potential trade-off with rural livelihoods, we must quantify more precisely the relationship between food-producing animal antimicrobial use and AMR in humans. Here, we outline and compare methods that can be used to estimate this relationship, calling on key literature in this area. Mechanistic mathematical models have the advantage of being rooted in epidemiological theory, but may struggle to capture relevant non-epidemiological covariates which have an uncertain relationship with human AMR. We advocate greater use of panel regression models which can incorporate these factors in a flexible way, capturing both shape and scale variation. We provide recommendations for future panel regression studies to follow in order to inform cost-effectiveness analyses of AMR containment interventions across the One Health spectrum, which will be key in the age of increasing AMR.

Gender gap and ecological footprint: are there country variations? Evidence from quantile panel regression

Purpose The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of the gender gap on the ecological footprint (EFP) corresponding to its different quantiles. Design/methodology/approach Quantile panel regression for 24 countries from the period 2006 to 2017 will be used, for the gender gap and other determinants of EFP. Findings Each factor affecting EFP differs in its impact depending on the level of EFP quantile it corresponds to. Gender gap was found to be increasing EFP for the higher quantiles and decreasing EFP for the lower quantiles. Research limitations/implications Environmental institutions should be considering the role of gender equality as a factor affecting the environment. Socioeconomic factors sometimes hamper the role of the female gender in preserving the environment. There are variations on how EFP factors differ between individual countries and this opens areas for further studies. Originality/value This research contributes to the current research studies by testing the impact of the gender gap on EFP instead of CO2 emission which is widely used in the literature. This topic is considered understudied and one of the few that uses the quantile panel regression to investigate this impact, none of which is used in gender and environment studies. Finally, the model used in the study uses a more comprehensive extension of the “Stochastic Impact by Regression on Pollution, Affluence and Technology” model compared to the existing empirical studies in this area.

Panel Regression Models for Paddy (Oryza sativa) Crop Production

The present investigation was carried out to study area production trends of Paddy crop grown in different districts of Tamil Nadu state, India during the period 1998-99 to 2010- 2020 based on Panel Regression Model. The statistically most suited Panel Regression model was selected based on Hausman and Wald test. The study variables namely the area under the Paddy crop (AREA) and the production (PRODN) of Paddy crop were found to be stationary at level. Analysis of variance test indicated that district to district crop productions were highly significant. Highest area under the crops and productions were registered in Tiruvarur, Thanjavur etc., Very lowest were registered in Coimbatore and Nilgiris districts. The fixed effect model was found to be suitable to study the trend and this model explains the 87% of variations in Paddy crop production.

Pengaruh Fixed Asset Intensity, Karakter Eksekutif, dan Leverage terhadap Penghindaran Pajak

This study aims to examine whether the intensity of fixed asset, executive character, and leverage have an effect on tax avoidance. Tax avoidance is an activity to avoid paying taxes legally in accordance with the provisions of the legislation carried out by the company in order to be able to pay the minimum tax possible to the state treasury. Population in this study were manufacture companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2017 to 2020. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and obtained 54 companies, so that the total sample obtained for 4 years was 216 research samples. This study used quantitative method and the analysis by data panel regression. Tax avoidance proxy by cash effective tax rate (CETR) which is cash paid in cash for pay taxes. Partially shows that the intensity of fixed assets has no effect on tax avoidance, executive character has a significant positive effect on tax avoidance, and leverage has no effect on tax avoidance. While the results of this study indicate that the intensity of fixed assets, executive character, and leverage simultaneously have a significant effect on tax avoidance with the value of Prob (F-statistic) 0.000000. Result of Adjusted R-square shows of fixed Asset intensity, executive character, and leverage have a significant effect on tax avoidance is 0.3343 or 33.43%.

Testing the Green Bond Premium in COVID-19 Pandemia

The purpose of this chapter is testing the existence of the green bond premium in the secondary market by using a most update data set involving the market developments in the pandemia times. The variables such as rating, sector, amount of the issue, maturity, and external review are balanced by using a matching procedure of a green bond with conventional bond issued by the same issuer. The ask-bid spread differential is regressed by using a panel regression method under fixed and random effects. The results of the analysis revealed that there exists negative premium of 39 basis points, and the green bond premium is more profound for USD denominated twins than for Euro ones as there exist a negative premium of 59 basis points for USD-denominated green bonds whereas it is -26 basis points for Euro-denominated bonds.

The Impact of Sustainable Certification on Financial and Market Performance: Evidence from Indonesian Palm Oil Companies

The palm oil industry is a strategic sector that plays an important role for national economics. Although the palm oil industry's role and contribution are high, land clearing and operation are often associated with environmental and social issues. The sustainable certification was then developed to ensure that palm oil companies can continue to operate without involving environmental and social deprivation. The previous research related to the impact of a sustainable certification found several positive and negative impacts on palm oil companies' performance in general. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of sustainable certification on Indonesia's palm oil companies' financial and market performance. This research focused on 14 palm oil companies in Indonesia that went public with an observation year between 2014 and 2019. Analysis through panel regression found that sustainable certification has no impact on Indonesia's palm oil companies' financial and market performance. The study could be a recommendation and justification for palm oil companies for consider to take a sustainable certification.

Impact of corporate board and external audit attributes on earnings quality: Experience from Nigeria quoted foods and beverages firms

The recent audit failures has pointed to weaknesses in financial report and give occasion of doubt to users about the reliability of earnings declared by firms. This study examines the effects of corporate board and external audit attributes on earnings quality of listed foods and beverages firms in Nigeria. Secondary data were employed through audited annual reports and accounts of eight (8) selected foods and beverages firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange using judgmental sampling technique. Data collected were analyse using descriptive statistics like table, percentage and inferential statistics such as panel regression analysis. All Analysis were tested at 5% level of significance. The results revealed that audit firm size (β=14485.32, P=0.000) which is external audit attribute and board size (β=-2741.887, P=0.000), audit committee presence (β= -8225.11, P=0.044) and company size (β= 5454.20, P=0.000) were the significant determinants of external audit and corporate board attributes of listed foods and beverages firms in Nigeria. Also, the result of panel regression revealed that audit independence (β= -6.57e-06, P=0.035) and audit firm size (β=0.1141479, P= 0.018) were the external audit attributes that had significant effect on discretionary accruals. The study therefore concluded that corporate board attributes (audit committee) and external audit attributes (auditor independence, audit firm size) had significant effect on earnings quality as measured by earnings management of selected foods and beverages firms in Nigeria. The study recommends that in order to enhance auditor’s independence, uniform audit fee should be formulated, and also, disclosure should be made on other corporate board attributes like board members’ year of experience and gender and for effective monitoring system.

Scenario modelling of the impact of the dynamics of public debt on the gross regional product of Russian regions

The subject of this research is public debt and its impact on the dynamics of the gross regional product (GRP) of Russian regions. The aim of the paper is to study and scenario forecast the dynamics of changes in the internal public debt of Russian regions and model its impact on the gross regional product. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that most regions in Russia are forced to increase their internal public debt to cover the budget deficit and attract additional resources to solve important problems of socio-economic development and implement strategic projects and programs. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the development of a methodological approach to modelling and scenario forecasting of the level of GRP of different groups of regions, taking into account the dynamics of changes in their public debt using ARIMA modelling methods and panel regression analysis. The authors apply the methods of panel regression analysis and ARIMA modelling. The authors theoretically substantiated that public debt has a different effect on the GRP of Russian regions, grouped the regions according to the identified trends in the dynamics of public debt (the first group — regions with the dynamics of debt reduction over the period from 2005 to 2019, the second group — with the all-Russian trend of debt reduction since 2017, and the third group — with the dynamics of increasing debt over the period under review); developed a methodological approach to modelling and scenario forecasting of the GRP level of the Russian regions, taking into account the dynamics of changes in their public debt; carried out ARIMA forecasting of the dynamics of the public debt of different groups of regions and built regression models of the influence of the dynamics of the public debt on the GRP of Russian regions within the selected groups; formed forecast scenarios for changes of the GRP level of regions, taking into account the identified dynamics of transformation of their internal public debt. Conclusions: public debt has a negative impact on the dynamics of the GRP of Moscow and the Moscow region and a positive effect on the dynamics of the GRP of the regions of the second and third groups. The findings of the study may be used by the federal and regional executive authorities to find ways to reduce public debt and increase the level of socio-economic development of territories.