Surveying family access: kangaroo mother care and breastfeeding policies across NICUs in Italy

Background Studies on the application of developmental care initiatives in Italian NICUs are rather scarce. We aimed to assess parental access to the NICUs and facilities offered to the family members and to test “the state of art” regarding kangaroo mother care (KMC) and breastfeeding policies in level III Italian NICUs. Methods A questionnaire both in paper and in electronic format was sent to all 106 Italian level III NICUs; 86 NICUs (i.e., 80% of NICUs) were completed and returned. The collected data were analysed. In addition, a comparison between the 2017 survey results and those of two previous surveys conducted from 2001 to 2006 was performed. Results In total, 53 NICUs (62%) reported 24-h open access for both parents (vs. 35% in 2001 and 32% in 2006). Parents were requested to temporarily leave the unit during shift changes, emergencies and medical rounds in 55 NICUs (64%). Some parental amenities, such as an armchair next to the crib (81 units (94%)), a room for pumping milk and a waiting room, were common, but others, such as family rooms (19 units (22%)) and adjoining accommodation (30 units (35%)), were not. KMC was practised in 81 (94%) units, but in 72 (62%), i.e., the majority of units, KMC was limited to specific times. In 11 (13%) NICUs, KMC was not offered to the father. The average duration of a KMC session, based on unit staff estimation, was longer in 24-h access NICUs than in limited-access NICUs. KMC documentation in medical records was reported in only 59% of questionnaires. Breastfeeding was successful in a small proportion of preterm infants staying in the NICU. Conclusion The number of 24-h access NICUs doubled over a period of 13 years. Some basic family facilities, such as a dedicated kitchen, rooms with dedicated beds and showers for the parents, remain uncommon. KMC and breastfeeding have become routine practices; however, the frequency and duration of KMC sessions reported by NICU professionals still do not meet the WHO recommendations.

Disaggregate income and wealth effects on private consumption in Greece

The Working Paper Series disseminates research papers of high quality and often of a more technical nature relevant to the various areas of interest to the Bank.They constitute "work in progress" and are published to stimulate discussion and contribute to the advancement of knowledge of economic matters. They are addressed to experts, so readers should be knowledgeable in economics.Working Papers are available in electronic format only (pdf).

P and/or E: That Is (Still) the Question (Or Is It?)

While the question of whether to choose the print and/or electronic format of a given title is certainly not new, the circumstances in which we are making such decisions have changed, prompting many of us to reconsider collection development priorities. Three librarians share their observations in answering three interrelated questions: (1) How did limited access to print collections affect student research behavior and faculty expectations in the course of the pandemic? (2) What strategies have libraries adopted to provide access to print-exclusive content? and (3) What criteria do they use in determining whether print or digital format is more suitable for a given title? While electronic resources certainly offer advantages, those who make and/or inform collection development decisions would do well to consider potential pedagogical implications of format as well as the ways in which providing access to electronic format exclusively may affect our ability to serve library patrons beyond the seminary community, including alumni and local clergy.

Network dictionary space

В статье дается общее описание типов сетевых словарей. Разграничиваются «репринтные» словари, которые представляют собой выложенные в Интернете текстовые электронные копии традиционных словарей, электронные версии традиционных словарей, получивших электронную разметку, гиперссылки (гипертекст) на связанные описания толкований значений и снабженных поисковыми формами, словарные корпусы (сетевые гизаурусы) – сайты одновременного поиска по разным электронным версиям словарей (лингвистических и энциклопедических) и сетевые словари, создаваемые исключительно в электронном формате. Базовыми особенностями последних признаются актуальность, интерактивность, интегрированность, мультимедийность и гипертекстуальность. Автор выдвигает идею создания Большого научного интегрального сетевого словаря русского языка. The article deals with a general description of the types of network dictionaries. A distinction is made between «reprint» dictionaries, which are electronic text copies of traditional dictionaries posted on the Internet, electronic versions of traditional dictionaries that have received electronic marking, hyperlinks (hypertext) to related descriptions of meaning interpretations and equipped with search forms, dictionary corpora (network guisauruses) – sites for simultaneous search in different electronic versions of dictionaries (linguistic and encyclopedic), and network dictionaries created only in electronic format. Relevance, interactivity, integration, multimedia and hypertextuali ty are considered to be the basic features of network dictionaries of electronic format. The author puts forward the idea of creating a Large scientific integrated network dictionary of the Russian language.

Legal Personality of an Interpreter in Criminal Proceedings in the Age of Digitalization

The importance of digitalization in all industries is increasing, especially since the possibilities of information technologies are obvious. Criminal proceedings are no exception. In criminal proceedings, information technologies are generally used in the production of an investigative action or with the transition of the entire criminal proceedings to an electronic format. Digitalization in criminal proceedings can be caused by the search for the optimal way to increase the efficiency of criminal proceedings and create reliable guarantees for the protection of the rights and freedoms of persons involved in the criminal proceedings, the use of information technologies on a single digital platform in the paradigm of decisions and evidence. Therefore, digitalization can play a certain role in making decisions about the participation of a person in criminal proceedings.The concept of "artificial intelligence (AI)" appeared in the middle of the last century, but it is only now that AI itself and its capabilities became of interest to society. Modern electronic dictionaries and built-in translators have become popular. It seems important to take into account the very nature of digital technologies.The paper is devoted to clarifying the question of whether multi-vector and multi-valued information technologies can replace any participants in criminal proceedings or become one of the conditions for creating a basis for such a participant as a translator to enter the sphere of criminal proceedings. We will analyze not only the legislation and law enforcement practice of the Russian Federation, but also the positive experience of legislation and law enforcement practice of some foreign countries.

Design and validation of an electronic teaching case on critical thinking

Based on the teaching case methodology, a case was designed and validated in an electronic format (e-case), about critical thinking in relation to violence in the teenage couples. The design considers a situation-problem in the form of narrative, exposed to the high school students, who through a series of questions and activities proceed to the analysis, take a position and propose solutions. The e-case was carried out on HTML5 using WIX.com, and contains the following entries: introduction, characters, story, questions, activities, evaluation and contact. This article reports the techno-pedagogical design and the validation by experts and with the target population. The results were favorable and coincident regarding the content, didactic treatment and design of the website. Likewise, guidelines are provided for the design of an e-case and validation model for those who wish to get involved in this strategy.

Special Issue on the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster: Part VI – Thoughts About the Great Disaster Now That Ten Years Have Passed –

A holistic and comprehensive perspective on society is essential to disaster research. However, at one time, the world did not have any scholarly journals that dealt with disasters from a holistic point of view. This situation gave rise to the Journal of Disaster Research (JDR), the first issue of which was published in August 2006. In principle, six issues are published annually, with special or extra issues also published in some years. The Great East Japan Earthquake struck in March 2011, five years after the first issue of the JDR. Following this incident, we decided to publish a special issue whenever there was a major disaster. All accepted papers and articles were to be published free of charge, in electronic format. So far, eight special issues have been published. Since this year 2021 marks the tenth anniversary of that disaster, we at the JDR have decided to publish a special issue of notes on the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster. The selected theme is “Thoughts About the Great Disaster Now That Ten Years Have Passed.” As an academic journal dealing comprehensively with disasters and disaster risk reduction, we asked people working in all disaster-related fields to submit, from their unique perspectives, their views or proposals in any area or subject regarding what changes have taken place, what has remained the same, or what is needed in the future. We have the twelve notes presented here in this Special Issue on the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster: Part VI. We hope that these notes provide seeds for further progress in the field of disaster research. Lastly, the editors would like to thank all contributors who submitted their manuscripts and the reviewers who provided valuable feedback with their constructive comments.

The Staicu lexicon in relation to lexicons belonging to the Berynda family: orthography and structure

The first manuscripts with Slavonic-Romanian dictionaries date from the 17th century and six of these have been preserved to the present day almost intact. They are all based on Pamvo Berynda’s lexicon (1627), to which several word lists were added in some of the manuscripts. These manuscripts have mostly been studied from a lexical point of view. Our study aims at describing the way in which the lexicons were elaborated, at observing the significant orthographic variations and also at becoming an additional tool for establishing the network of filiations from which the Romanian lexicons resulted. Our observations focus on the entries for the first three letters in the above-mentioned lexicons. As all these lexicons were available in electronic format, we identified the propagation of several errors in the Romanian antigraphs, emphasized various aspects related to spelling and compared the additional lists. The data indicates that Romanian manuscripts preserve the orthography of Berynda’s Lexicon and the additional lists to a different degree. These variations suggest the existence of at least one protograph between the source and the Romanian lexicons. Applied to the entire content of the manuscripts, the investigation of these variations could contribute to the identification of the manuscript that is the closest to the initial version.

Virtual Symposium Designed as an Innovative Approach to Disseminate Leadership Development Content

The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) Leadership Development Special Interest Group (LD SIG) embarked upon a one-week virtual symposium (VS) across three years. The purpose of the VS was to disseminate leadership content, case studies, and various topics of interest utilizing technology. This electronic format provided a new communication approach to facilitate content and discussion of leadership materials amongst faculty colleagues nationally. The VS allowed participants to gain knowledge and skills to address leadership development in a timely, flexible manner that can be challenging during in-person professional meetings and conferences due to conflicting programming and travel limitations. Evaluators across each of the VS (100%) indicated that they either agreed or strongly agreed with the scaled evaluative statements that the video presentations met their educational needs.

Bibliographic products as a part of the content of official library websites: achievements and challenges

The problem of creating bibliographic products in electronic format is considered. The purpose of the article is to analyze local history bibliographic products as part of the content of the central libraries sites of the Russian Federation subjects.It is established that the creation of bibliographic products in electronic format is empirical in nature. Most often, libraries create bibliographic databases and electronic guidebooks. Identification barriers that make it difficult for users to identify and use bibliographic products on library websites have been revealed.