COCONUT LEAF WASTE PROCESSING WITH BIODRYING PROCESS AS RAW MATERIAL FOR BIOMASS PELLETS IN WASTE TO ENERGY

<p>Coconut leaf waste is a type of waste that contains a good enough calorific value to be used as raw material for biomass pellets. The minimum standard calorific value of biomass in Indonesia according to SNI 8675:2018 is 16.05 MJ/kg. Meanwhile, based on the research results, the calorific value of coconut leaf waste has a value of 13.34 MJ/kg. The way that can be applied to increase the calorific value is by biodrying. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the biodrying process in processing coconut leaf waste. This study use bioactivators in the form of tempe yeast, baker's yeast, and tapai yeast. Mass loss and moisture reduction can be achieved, respectively, 8.25-17.62% and 62.4-65.6%. The calorific value can reach the minimum standard after seven days of processing with a value of 17,995-18,623 MJ/kg.</p>

ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING CONDITION ON PARKING BUILDING AT SULTAN HASANUDDIN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

<p>The existing parking area at Sultan Hasanuddin Airport Makassar has 675 four-wheel parking areas, which cannot accommodate about 10 million passengers in 2013 and every year there is an increase. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of parking, especially the handling of four-wheeled vehicles in the parking building from entry, dropout, pickup, maneuver, clearance, vehicle rotation and parking slots to exiting the building. Analyze the parking area related to the level of safety and ease of use of parking buildings, especially on the semi-basement floor at Sultan Hasanuddin Airport. The method used for this research is a qualitative method, namely research that is descriptive and tends to use analysis from the data that has been collected and direct observation on the existing parking building at Sultan Hasanuddin Airport Makassar. The data collection process was carried out in two stages, namely the preliminary survey and the main survey. The results of research and observations of the existing parking building at Sultan Hasanuddin Airport, especially on the basement floor, show that the construction of a parking building that was built in terms of size, height clearance, slope, parking space layout, facilities are in accordance with the minimum standard of parking buildings, but there are some works such as sidewalks. and a stopper whose placement reduces the parking area and vehicle circulation.</p>

On The Matter of Begging in Bulgarian Criminal Law

The article addresses two major problems: poverty and begging. Poverty is a state or condition in which a person lacks financial resources and essentials for a minimum standard of living. The deprivation of access to fresh water, food or sanitation forces people into carrying out various life-sustaining activities in public spaces. One of these activities is begging on the streets. Unfortunately, begging has been socially stigmatised in numerous European countries, including Bulgaria, as immoral and deviant behaviour. In Bulgaria, begging has been criminalised under Art. 329, Para. 2 of the Criminal Code. Nevertheless, the issue lies in the fact that criminalising begging will not put an end to poverty. On the contrary, it threatens the existence and the exercise of fundamental human rights, which is why legislators should reconsider the criminal policy and eventually decriminalise begging.

Code of practice for medical autopsies: a minimum standard position paper for pathology departments performing medical (hospital) autopsies in adults

The medical autopsy (also called hospital or clinical autopsy) is a highly specialised medical procedure, which requires professional expertise and suitably equipped facilities. To ensure high standards of performance, the Working Group of Autopsy Pathology of the European Society of Pathology (ESP) suggests a code of practice as a minimum standard for centres performing medical autopsies. The proposed standards exclusively address autopsies in adults, and not forensic autopsies, perinatal/or paediatric examinations. Minimum standards for organisation, standard of premises, and staffing conditions, as well as minimum requirements for level of expertise of the postmortem performing specialists, documentation, and turnaround times of the medical procedure, are presented. Medical autopsies should be performed by specialists in pathology, or by trainees under the supervision of such specialists. To maintain the required level of expertise, autopsies should be performed regularly and in a number that ensures the maintenance of good practice of all participating physicians. A minimum number of autopsies per dedicated pathologist in a centre should be at least 50, or as an average, at least one autopsy per working week. Forensic autopsies, but not paediatric/perinatal autopsies may be included in this number. Turnaround time for final reports should not exceed 3 weeks (14 working days) for autopsies without fixation of brain/spinal cord or other time-consuming additional examinations, and 6 weeks (30 working days) for those with fixation of brain/spinal cord or additional examinations.

Mental disorders and their impact on school performance and high school completion by gender in Australia: A matched population-based cohort study

Background: Young people with a mental disorder often perform poorly at school and can fail to complete high school. This study aims to compare scholastic performance and high school completion of young people hospitalised with a mental disorder compared to young people not hospitalised for a mental disorder health condition by gender. Method: A population-based matched case-comparison cohort study of young people aged ⩽18 years hospitalised for a mental disorder during 2005–2018 in New South Wales, Australia using linked birth, health, education and mortality records. The comparison cohort was matched on age, gender and residential postcode. Generalised linear mixed modelling examined risk of school performance below the national minimum standard and generalised linear regression examined risk of not completing high school for young people with a mental disorder compared to matched peers. Results: Young males with a mental disorder had over a 1.7 times higher risk of not achieving the national minimum standard for numeracy (adjusted relative risk: 1.71; 95% confidence interval: [1.35, 2.15]) and reading (adjusted relative risk: 1.99; 95% confidence interval: [1.80, 2.20]) compared to matched peers. Young females with a mental disorder had around 1.5 times higher risk of not achieving the national minimum standard for numeracy (adjusted relative risk: 1.50; 95% confidence interval: [1.14, 1.96]) compared to matched peers. Both young males and females with a disorder had around a three times higher risk of not completing high school compared to peers. Young males with multiple disorders had up to a sixfold increased risk and young females with multiple disorders had up to an eightfold increased risk of not completing high school compared to peers. Conclusion: Early recognition and support could improve school performance and educational outcomes for young people who were hospitalised with a mental disorder. This support should be provided in conjunction with access to mental health services and school involvement and assistance.

EVALUATION OF RTH IN REGIONAL SPATIAL PLAN WITH NDVI IN KENDARI CITY

Kendari City is the capital of Southeast Sulawesi Province with a population of 345,110 people. The number of residents can trigger a narrowing of RTH (RTH) due to meeting the need for land over time. RTH in urban areas ideally is 30% of the total area with 20% public RTH and 10% private RTH. This study aims for RTH based on the comparison of the area of the RTH Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) and the actual RTH, the population, the ability to produce oxygen (O2) and absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the actual RTH. This research uses quantitative descriptive research in evaluating RTH. The results showed that public RTH in the RTRW still lacked 6.93% so that it was still necessary to review the RTRW to meet these needs. The current RTH is also still less than the minimum standard of RTH in Kendari City of 7.01% in public RTH. If it is accumulated, the current availability of RTH still does not meet the minimum standard of RTH in Kendari City. The availability of oxygen (O2) and absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) in Kendari City can still meet the needs of residents in Kendari City.

Preliminary Characterization of Seaweed Agar Sheet Products: Case Study of Local Small and Medium Enterprise in Java Island

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia have grown quite rapidly and play an important role in modern economies. Many innovative products have been developed; however, the monitoring of product quality is rare. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative evaluation of the characteristics of agar sheet products from local MSMEs in Java Island, Indonesia. Moisture content, acid-insoluble ash content, total mould count, heavy metals (Pb, Zn, and As, Cu, Sn, Hg) and gel strength of three different agar sheet products were evaluated. Moreover, evaluation of its commercial packaging was carried out according to the regulation of the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (NADFC). The results reveal that the moisture content of agar sheets ranged from 17.48 % to 21.64 %, the acid-insoluble ash contents were lower than the maximum limit by Indonesian National Standard (INS), whereas according to the sensory inspection, the presence of mould was not found. Heavy metals were found at low levels, below the maximum allowable limit by INS. However, all agar sheets have poor gel strength (approximately 32.24 g/cm2 – 77.49 g/cm2). The result of packaging evaluation showed that neither packaging design, nor packaging label of all agar sheet products were excellent. The packaging label was prepared inappropriately according to NADFC. In conclusion, these agar characteristics and packaging quality were lack the minimum standard required. Therefore, product enhancements, such as processing and packaging innovations can be introduced to meet the minimum standard and improve the quality.

The Impact of Biogas Utilization on Poverty in Indonesia

The provision of reliable, adequate, and sustainable energy services has been a global challenge until today. Without the availability of energy, particularly for cooking and lighting, leads to difficulties in achieving the expected quality of life, mainly for underprivileged people who have not met the minimum standard of living. In order to fulfill the necessity of energy, new renewable energy sources are needed, one of which is through biogas installations. The purpose of this study was to find empirical evidence related to the impact of biogas utilization on poverty, especially in rural areas, by transforming the number of underprivileged people in an area. Through Village Potential (Potensi Desa/Podes) data 2008 – 2018, Biogas development from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources in 2011-2017, and using the difference-in-differences (DID) method, it is expected that this study might contribute to the literature, especially related to energy, with comprehensive results. This study detected that after the implementation of biogas installation program, the number of beneficiaries of health insurance programs in villages with biogas installations decreased by 136 people compared to villages without biogas.

Prospect of forestry in poverty alleviation in Nigeria

The subject of poverty alleviation cannot be over emphasized, this is because its incidence is rampant worldwide and most importantly in the developing countries such as Nigeria. A significant number of the populace, both in the rural and urban centers of the country is affected by poverty. Different scholars have defined poverty and a simple, succinct and encompassing definition is that it is a condition where an individual is not able to adequately cater for his/her basic needs or lacks minimum standard of living. There are many causes of poverty and they all have immediate and future effect on the group of people affected. Many attempts have been made to lessen poverty in Nigeria by successive administration but failed due to one reason or the other. Nigeria has been described by many people as a blessed country and “a land flowing with milk and honey”, this is because of the natural resources that the country has among which Forest is. Forests consist of trees, shrubs and diverse animals living in them. Careful and sustainable management of these natural and artificial forests has hope of drastically reducing poverty to the barest minimum in Nigeria.

Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi Bisnis di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Muhammadiyah 2 Pekanbaru

This research aimed at knowing the influence of students’ extrinsic learning motivation toward their learning achievement on Business Economics subject at Vocational High School of Muhammadiyah 2 Pekanbaru. This research was instigated by students who could not reach the minimum standard of passing grade, so their learning achievement was not yet maximum. It was a quantitative research. The subjects of this research were the eleventh-grade students of Accounting 1 and 2 and Marketing. Questionnaire and documentation were the techniques of collecting data. The technique of analyzing the data was simple linear regression test. Based on the research findings, it could be concluded that there was a significant influence of students’ extrinsic learning motivation toward their learning achievement on Business Economics subject at Vocational High School of Muhammadiyah 2 Pekanbaru. It was proven by the comparison between robserved and rtabel, it was obtained that robserved was higher than rtabel at 5% and 1% errors (0.202<0.664>0.263), so H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. The contribution of the influence of students’ extrinsic learning motivation toward their learning achievement was 44.1%, and the rest (100%-44.1%=55.9%) was influenced by other factors that were not discussed in this research.