immunosuppressive activity
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2022 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 108448
Author(s):  
Seema Devi ◽  
Amy M. Zimmermann-Klemd ◽  
Bernd L. Fiebich ◽  
Michael Heinrich ◽  
Carsten Gründemann ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-783
Author(s):  
D. Yu. Maychuk ◽  
A. A. Tarkhanova

The purpose to assess the benefits of using soft steroids in the treatment of inflammatory eye disorders according to literature data.Methods. The literature review concerning the administration of the gluco-corticosteroids and combination drugs based on gluco-corticosteroid for the treatment of inflammatory eye disorders. Both Russian and foreign sources for the 1980–2021 period were analyzed.The results. The combination drugs containing anti-infective drugs and gluco-corticosteroids are actively applied for the treatment of inflammatory eye disorders. That exerts joint ethiopathogenetic effect on the disorder. However, gluco-corticosteroid being a part of such drugs (predominantly dexamethasone) as often as not leads to ocular hypertension. In order to deal with this problem the so-called soft steroids (also classified as gluco-corticosteroids) were introduced. They lessen the possibility of the ocular hypertension and are marked by high efficiency and increased safety profile. One of the representatives of soft steroids is fluorometholone. There is a large evidential base in the modern literature that confirms much lesser influence of fluorometholone on ocular pressure if compared to dexamethasone. At the same time, dexamethasone has a higher anti-inflammatory activity, while on the other hand, its systemic immunosuppressive activity is lower. What is more, in terms of influence on the ocular surfaces, dexamethasone has an additional advantage which is causing mucin expression in conjuctival and corneal epithelium. The above mentioned merits of dexamethasone served as basis for its inclusion into the combination drug called Floas-T which is essentially the combination of tobramycin 0.3 % and fluorometholone 0.1 %. It is used in the treatment of inflammatory eye diseases and diseases of eye appendages, as well as for profylaxis of the diseases in the postoperative period.Conclusion. Combination drugs containing anti-infective components and gluco-corticosteroids seem to be highly promising for the treatment of inflammatory eye diseases. One of them worth highlighting is Floas-T classified as soft steroids containing tobramycin and fluorometholone. It compares to dexamethasone favourably in terms of efficiency, while contributing less to ocular hypertension.


Immunotherapy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmal Kumar ◽  
Nabab Khan ◽  
Dawn Cleveland ◽  
Jonathan D Geiger

Leprosy and tuberculosis are infectious diseases that are caused by bacteria, and both share primary risk factors. Mediators of these diseases are regulated by a heterogeneous immature population of myeloid cells called myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that exhibit immunosuppressive activity against innate and adaptive immunity. During pathological conditions, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs in MDSCs, and high levels of ER stress affect MDSC-linked immunosuppressive activity. Investigating the role of ER stress in regulating immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs in leprosy and tuberculosis may lead to new approaches to treating these diseases. Here the authors discuss the immunoregulatory effects of ER stress in MDSCs as well as the possibility of targeting unfolded protein response elements of ER stress to diminish the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs and reinvigorate diminished adaptive immune system responses that occur in leprosy and tuberculosis.


2021 ◽  
pp. 101308
Author(s):  
N. T. Hang Pham ◽  
Myriam Létourneau ◽  
Marlène Fortier ◽  
Gabriel Bégin ◽  
M. Sameer Al-Abdul-Wahid ◽  
...  

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4750
Author(s):  
Francesca Palandri ◽  
Massimo Breccia ◽  
Valerio De Stefano ◽  
Francesco Passamonti

An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) started in December 2019 in China and then become pandemic in February 2020. Several publications investigated the possible increased rate of COVID-19 infection in hematological malignancies. Based on the published data, strategies for the management of chronic Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are provided. The risk of severe COVID-19 seems high in MPN, particularly in patients with essential thrombocythemia, but not negligible in myelofibrosis. MPN patients are at high risk of both thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications and this must be accounted in the case of COVID-19 deciding on a case-by-case basis. There are currently no data to suggest that hydroxyurea or interferon may influence the risk or severity of COVID-19 infection. Conversely, while the immunosuppressive activity of ruxolitinib might pose increased risk of infection, its abrupt discontinuation during COVID-19 syndrome is associated with worse outcome. All MPN patients should receive vaccine against COVID-19; reassuring data are available on efficacy of mRNA vaccines in MPNs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 417-422
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Karwicka ◽  
Aneta Szudy-Szczyrek ◽  
Marek Hus

Recently discovered subpopulations belonging to cell groups called “invariant” NKT, also referred to as type I NKT or classical NKT cells, appear to have a unique impact on the tumor microenvironment. Considering the characteristics of secreted cytokines, production of chemokines and the capability of cell cytotoxic activity, these cells have a significant function in being immune to bacteria, parasites, viruses, autoimmune and tumor diseases. The profile of secreted cytokine is probably decisive in reference to the distinct functions of the subpopulation, some of them exhibit immunosuppressive activity inhibiting an anticancer immune response, and the other stimulate the organisms for eradicating the tumor. Currently, it has been discovered six fundamental, functionally distinct subpopulations of iNKT cells (NKT1, NKT2, NKT10, NKT17, NKTreg, NKTFH).


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