target species
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

903
(FIVE YEARS 320)

H-INDEX

45
(FIVE YEARS 9)

2024 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Munir ◽  
K. M. Anjum ◽  
A. Javid ◽  
N. Khan ◽  
C. Jianming ◽  
...  

Abstract This study was aimed to investigate Carbofuran (CF)-induced pathological changes in cattle egret. Two hundred cattle egrets were reared and equally divided into four groups and given different CF concentrations (0.03 mg/L, 0.02 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L and 0 mg/L (control group)). Hematology, serum biochemistry, histopathology, and immunological markers were studied. Our results confirm that CF induces anemic conditions, leukocytosis, elevated liver enzymatic activity, and alterations in renal biomarkers. Moreover, specific microscopic lesions such as multifocal necrosis, pyknotic nuclei, hemorrhages, congestion, and inflammatory cell proliferation were observed in the liver, kidney, spleen, and thymus. These findings suggest that CF can induce harmful effects, so the application of this pesticide in the field must be strictly monitored to mitigate the possibility of exposure to non-target species.


2022 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 108487
Author(s):  
Yudan Xu ◽  
Shikui Dong ◽  
Xiaoxia Gao ◽  
Shengnan Wu ◽  
Mingyue Yang ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Hopf-Dennis ◽  
Sarrah Kaye ◽  
Nicholas Hollingshead ◽  
Marjory Brooks ◽  
Elizabeth Bunting ◽  
...  

Abstract Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) continue to be used across the United States as a method for controlling unwanted rodent species. As a consequence, wild birds of prey are exposed to toxins by eating poisoned prey items. ARs prevent the hepatic recycling of vitamin K and thereby impede the post-translational processing of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X that is required for procoagulant complex assembly. Through this mechanism of action, ARs cause hemorrhage and death in their target species. Various studies have documented the persistence of these contaminants in birds of prey but few have attempted to use affordable and accessible diagnostic tests to diagnose exposure in free-ranging birds of prey. In our study free-ranging red-tailed hawks were found to be exposed to difethialone and brodifacoum. Eleven of sixteen (68%) livers tested for AR exposure were positive. Difethialone was found in 1/16 (6%) liver samples, and brodifacoum was detected in 15/16 (93%) liver samples. Difethialone was found at a concentration of 0.18 ppm and brodifacoum concentrations ranged from 0.003-0.234 ppm. Two out of 34 (6%) RTH assessed for blood rodenticide had brodifacoum in blood with measured concentrations of 0.003 and 0.006 ppm. The range of clotting times in the prothrombin time (PT) and Russell’s viper venom time assays for control RTH were 16.7 to 39.7 seconds and 11.5 to 91.8 seconds, respectively. No correlation was found between PT and RVVT in the control or free-range RTH, and there was no relationship found between the presence of liver anticoagulant residues and clotting times in the PT and RVVT.


2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Scott-Fordsmand ◽  
L. F. Fraceto ◽  
M. J. B. Amorim

AbstractNature contains many examples of “fake promises” to attract “prey”, e.g., predatory spiders that emit the same sex-attractant-signals as moths to catch them at close range and male spiders that make empty silk-wrapped gifts in order to mate with a female. Nano-pesticides should ideally mimic nature by luring a target and killing it without harming other organisms/species. Here, we present such an approach, called the lunch-box or deadly-goodies approach. The lunch-box consists of three main elements (1) the lure (semio-chemicals anchored on the box), (2) the box (palatable nano-carrier), and (3) the kill (advanced targeted pesticide). To implement this approach, one needs to draw on the vast amount of chemical ecological knowledge available, combine this with recent nanomaterial techniques, and use novel advanced pesticides. Precision nano-pesticides can increase crop protection and food production whilst lowering environmental impacts. Graphical Abstract


Author(s):  
Maja Milojević-Rakić ◽  
Daliborka Popadić ◽  
Aleksandra Janosevic ◽  
Anka Jevremović ◽  
Bojana Nedić Vasiljević ◽  
...  

Ecotoxicity caused by neonicotinoid pesticides is largely due to oxidative stress on non-target species. Due to the fact that reactive radical species reach the environment, materials intended for pesticide removal...


Modelling ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Régis Santos ◽  
Osman Crespo ◽  
Wendell Medeiros-Leal ◽  
Ana Novoa-Pabon ◽  
Mário Pinho

Abstract: Indices of abundance are usually a key input parameter used for fitting a stock assessment model, as they provide abundance estimates representative of the fraction of the stock that is vulnerable to fishing. These indices can be estimated from catches derived from fishery-dependent sources, such as catch per unit effort (CPUE) and landings per unit effort (LPUE), or from scientific survey data (e.g., relative population number—RPN). However, fluctuations in many factors (e.g., vessel size, period, area, gear) may affect the catch rates, bringing the need to evaluate the appropriateness of the statistical models for the standardization process. In this research, we analyzed different generalized linear models to select the best technique to standardize catch rates of target and non-target species from fishery dependent (CPUE and LPUE) and independent (RPN) data. The examined error distribution models were gamma, lognormal, tweedie, and hurdle models. For hurdle, positive observations were analyzed assuming a lognormal (hurdle–lognormal) or gamma (hurdle–gamma) error distribution. Based on deviance table analyses and diagnostic checks, the hurdle–lognormal was the statistical model that best satisfied the underlying characteristics of the different data sets. Finally, catch rates (CPUE, LPUE and RPN) of the thornback ray Raja clavata, blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus, and common mora Mora moro from the NE Atlantic (Azores region) were standardized. The analyses confirmed the spatial and temporal nature of their distribution.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Giulia Albani Rocchetti ◽  
Flavia Bartoli ◽  
Emanuela Cicinelli ◽  
Fernando Lucchese ◽  
Giulia Caneva

The Mediterranean basin has been a refugium for relict plant taxa and native laurophyllic forests. The Latium coasts and, especially, the Antica Lavinium site, host relict forest communities, whose natural importance is enriched by their cultural value. Here, we aim at investigating the ecological framework, cultural and historical values, and management over time, of relict communities that have Laurus nobilis and Celtis australis as their priority habitats. To achieve this, we performed vegetation surveys and we conducted statistical analyses (PCA, NMDS). Among the 45 vegetation surveys, 25 were characterized by the two target species. The PCA analysis highlighted how the L. nobilis formations and the mixed formations with C. australis present some differences but are not sufficient to describe different coenosis. The comparison among similar forests in central and southern Italy confirmed the wide coenological amplitude of L. nobilis with respect to other laurophyllic species. Antica Lavinium has an overall good preservation of laurel forest formations, but also of mixed formation with C. australis. In the area, historical, cultural, and natural characteristics mutually contributed to the development of human civilizations and plant communities, highlighting their deep linkage.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Erik Doornweerd ◽  
Gert Kootstra ◽  
Roel F. Veerkamp ◽  
Esther D. Ellen ◽  
Jerine A. J. van der Eijk ◽  
...  

Animal pose-estimation networks enable automated estimation of key body points in images or videos. This enables animal breeders to collect pose information repeatedly on a large number of animals. However, the success of pose-estimation networks depends in part on the availability of data to learn the representation of key body points. Especially with animals, data collection is not always easy, and data annotation is laborious and time-consuming. The available data is therefore often limited, but data from other species might be useful, either by itself or in combination with the target species. In this study, the across-species performance of animal pose-estimation networks and the performance of an animal pose-estimation network trained on multi-species data (turkeys and broilers) were investigated. Broilers and turkeys were video recorded during a walkway test representative of the situation in practice. Two single-species and one multi-species model were trained by using DeepLabCut and tested on two single-species test sets. Overall, the within-species models outperformed the multi-species model, and the models applied across species, as shown by a lower raw pixel error, normalized pixel error, and higher percentage of keypoints remaining (PKR). The multi-species model had slightly higher errors with a lower PKR than the within-species models but had less than half the number of annotated frames available from each species. Compared to the single-species broiler model, the multi-species model achieved lower errors for the head, left foot, and right knee keypoints, although with a lower PKR. Across species, keypoint predictions resulted in high errors and low to moderate PKRs and are unlikely to be of direct use for pose and gait assessments. A multi-species model may reduce annotation needs without a large impact on performance for pose assessment, however, with the recommendation to only be used if the species are comparable. If a single-species model exists it could be used as a pre-trained model for training a new model, and possibly require a limited amount of new data. Future studies should investigate the accuracy needed for pose and gait assessments and estimate genetic parameters for the new phenotypes before pose-estimation networks can be applied in practice.


Fishes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Sanz-Ronda ◽  
Francisco Javier Bravo-Córdoba ◽  
Ana García-Vega ◽  
Jorge Valbuena-Castro ◽  
Andrés Martínez-de-Azagra ◽  
...  

The monitoring of river discharge is vital for the correct management of water resources. Flat-V gauging weirs are facilities used worldwide for measuring discharge. These structures consist of a small weir with a triangular cross-section and a flat “V”-shaped notch. Their extensive use is a consequence of their utility in the measurement of both low and high flow conditions. However, depending on their size, local morphology and river discharge can act as full or partial hydraulic barriers to fish migration. To address this concern, the present work studies fish passage performance over flat-V weirs considering their hydraulic performance. For this, radio-tracking and video-monitoring observations were combined with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models in two flat-V weirs, using Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei) as the target species. Results showed that fish passage is conditioned by both hydraulic and behavioral processes, providing evidence for scenarios in which flat-V weirs may act as full or partial barriers to upstream movements. For the studied flat-V weirs, a discharge range of 0.27–8 m3/s, with a water drop difference between upstream and downstream water levels lower than 0.7 m and a depth downstream of the weir of higher than 0.3 m can be considered an effective passage situation for barbels. These findings are of interest for quantifying flat-V weir impacts, for engineering applications and for establishing managing or retrofitting actions when required.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Susheel K. Mittal ◽  
Shivali Gupta ◽  
Manmohan Chhibber

The past two decades have seen considerable attention given to chemical sensing due to its quick, reproducible, and accurate results. These are extensively used for the detection of cations and anions in different environmental matrices. Organic-molecule-based sensors have proved to be a great promising tool in determining target species. This communication demonstrates the use of triphenylether derivatives (L1–L4) as receptors for the sensing of cations and anions, using voltammetry as a sensing tool. The effect of the oxidative/reductive nature of the ionophores and, hence, their selectivity behavior was studied in MeCN and MeOH solvents. Three receptors (L2–L4) responded selectively towards cyanide ions following the intramolecular charge-transfer mechanism, while sensing in the case of L1 was not studied because it lacked a proper cavity size.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document