organ on a chip
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2022 ◽  
pp. 147-161
Author(s):  
Ippokratis Pountos ◽  
Rumeysa Tutar ◽  
Nazzar Tellisi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Darabi ◽  
Anwarul Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2022 ◽  
pp. 181-198
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang
Keyword(s):  

BIOCELL ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1177-1180
Author(s):  
JONG HWAN SUNG
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eisa Tahmasbpour Marzouni ◽  
Andrew Henrik Sinclair ◽  
Catharyn Stern ◽  
Elena Jane Tucker

Abstract Having biological children remains an unattainable dream for most couples with reproductive failure or gonadal dysgenesis. The combination of stem cells with gene editing technology and organ-on-a-chip models provides unique opportunity for infertile patients with impaired gametogenesis caused by congenital disorders in sex development or cancer survivors. But, how will these technologies overcome human infertility? This review discusses the regenerative mechanisms, applications and advantages of different types of stem cells for restoring gametogenesis in infertile patients, as well as major challenges that must be overcome prior to clinical application. The importance and limitations of in vitro generation of gametes from patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) will be discussed in the context of human reproduction. The potential role of organ-on-a-chip models that can direct differentiation of hiPSCs-derived primordial germ cell-like cells to gametes and other reproductive organoids is also explored. These rapidly evolving technologies provide future prospects for improving fertility to individuals and couples who experience reproductive failure.


Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Dhanesh G. Kasi ◽  
Mees N. S. de Graaf ◽  
Paul A. Motreuil-Ragot ◽  
Jean-Phillipe M. S. Frimat ◽  
Michel D. Ferrari ◽  
...  

Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) and microfluidic devices are conventionally produced using microfabrication procedures that require cleanrooms, silicon wafers, and photomasks. The prototyping stage often requires multiple iterations of design steps. A simplified prototyping process could therefore offer major advantages. Here, we describe a rapid and cleanroom-free microfabrication method using maskless photolithography. The approach utilizes a commercial digital micromirror device (DMD)-based setup using 375 nm UV light for backside exposure of an epoxy-based negative photoresist (SU-8) on glass coverslips. We show that microstructures of various geometries and dimensions, microgrooves, and microchannels of different heights can be fabricated. New SU-8 molds and soft lithography-based polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chips can thus be produced within hours. We further show that backside UV exposure and grayscale photolithography allow structures of different heights or structures with height gradients to be developed using a single-step fabrication process. Using this approach: (1) digital photomasks can be designed, projected, and quickly adjusted if needed; and (2) SU-8 molds can be fabricated without cleanroom availability, which in turn (3) reduces microfabrication time and costs and (4) expedites prototyping of new OoC devices.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13513
Author(s):  
Min-Hyeok Kim ◽  
Danny van Noort ◽  
Jong Hwan Sung ◽  
Sungsu Park

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a group of membrane vesicles that play important roles in cell-to-cell and interspecies/interkingdom communications by modulating the pathophysiological conditions of recipient cells. Recent evidence has implied their potential roles in the gut–brain axis (GBA), which is a complex bidirectional communication system between the gut environment and brain pathophysiology. Despite the evidence, the roles of EVs in the gut microenvironment in the GBA are less highlighted. Moreover, there are critical challenges in the current GBA models and analyzing techniques for EVs, which may hinder the research. Currently, advances in organ-on-a-chip (OOC) technologies have provided a promising solution. Here, we review the potential effects of EVs occurring in the gut environment on brain physiology and behavior and discuss how to apply OOCs to research the GBA mediated by EVs in the gut microenvironment.


2021 ◽  
pp. 193-217
Author(s):  
Jeong-Yeol Yoon
Keyword(s):  

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1542
Author(s):  
Sadeq Abu-Dawas ◽  
Hawra Alawami ◽  
Mohammed Zourob ◽  
Qasem Ramadan

A low-cost, versatile, and reconfigurable fluidic routing system and chip assembly have been fabricated and tested. The platform and its accessories were fabricated in-house without the need for costly and specialized equipment nor specific expertise. An agarose-based artificial membrane was integrated into the chips and employed to test the chip-to-chip communication in various configurations. Various chip assemblies were constructed and tested which demonstrate the versatile utility of the fluidic routing system that enables the custom design of the chip-to-chip communication and the possibility of fitting a variety of (organ-on-a-chip)-based biological models with multicell architectures. The reconfigurable chip assembly would enable selective linking/isolating the desired chip/compartment, hence allowing the study of the contribution of specific cell/tissue within the in vitro models.


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