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Author(s):  
Bazhena Bahatyrevich-Kharitonik ◽  
Rafael Medina-Guzman ◽  
Alicia Flores-Cortes ◽  
Marta García-Cruzado ◽  
Edel Kavanagh ◽  
...  

Cell death related (CDR) proteins are a diverse group of proteins whose original function was ascribed to apoptotic cell death signaling. Recently, descriptions of non-apoptotic functions for CDR proteins have increased. In this minireview, we comment on recent studies of CDR proteins outside the field of apoptosis in the CNS, encompassing areas such as the inflammasome and non-apoptotic cell death, cytoskeleton reorganization, synaptic plasticity, mitophagy, neurodegeneration and calcium signaling among others. Furthermore, we discuss the evolution of proteomic techniques used to predict caspase substrates that could potentially explain their non-apoptotic roles. Finally, we address new concepts in the field of non-apoptotic functions of CDR proteins that require further research such the effect of sexual dimorphism on non-apoptotic CDR protein function and the emergence of zymogen-specific caspase functions.


2021 ◽  
pp. 109-126
Author(s):  
Aleš Hoch ◽  
Pavel Šlézar

Between 1997 and 2017, an extensive collection of approximately 3,500 leather fragments from the second half of the 13th to the 15th century was obtained from archaeological rescue excavations carried out in the historic core of Litovel. Most of the finds come from public areas of the town. Only a few dozen artefacts have been determined in terms of their original function. All the remaining finds can be classified as primary to secondary waste, among which manufacturing waste was often present, indicating the nearby presence of a craft workshop. In the case of Litovel, this has been demonstrated at two sites, and hypothetically at three others. These are specifically shoemaker or cobbler workshops. The leather artefact assemblage from Litovel contains typical representatives of material culture from the High and Late Middle Ages, most often in the form of shoes (high and low cuts, children’s sizes), clothing accessories (belts), equipment (scabbards) and items rarely found elsewhere including unique objects such as a case for wax writing tablets and a face mask.


Arts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Władysław Paszkowski

Based upon the example of the historic palace and park complex in Maciejewo (Matzdorf), in Western Pomerania, Poland, the issues of the adaptation of historic mansions and palaces to modern functions are discussed. The palace in Maciejewo illustrates the thesis that, in order to survive, historic buildings must be used for purposes corresponding to their structure. Many historic residences in the Western Lands have lost their original function and need a new one to survive. These processes of functional adaptation, in some cases, have to be repeated, when monuments become affected by a loss of their functionality. The concept of “re-adaptation” is introduced, in the sense of the revitalization of a facility, combined with a change in its function. The palace in Maciejewo is an example of a facility that is undergoing another functional metamorphosis—adaptive re-use—after having been an agricultural school, a recreation centre and a hotel, to its current phase of becoming an exclusive nursing home. The article discusses the necessary architectural changes resulting from the introduction of a new function (in the case discussed, that of a nursing home). The re-adaptation was carried out considering conservation guidelines and according to adaptive re-use methodology.


Author(s):  
Yumin Ma ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Yongzhong Song ◽  
Xingju Cai

In this paper, we consider nonseparable convex minimization models with quadratic coupling terms arised in many practical applications. We use a majorized indefinite proximal alternating direction method of multipliers (iPADMM) to solve this model. The indefiniteness of proximal matrices allows the function we actually solved to be no longer the majorization of the original function in each subproblem. While the convergence still can be guaranteed and larger stepsize is permitted which can speed up convergence. For this model, we analyze the global convergence of majorized iPADMM with two different techniques and the sublinear convergence rate in the nonergodic sense. Numerical experiments illustrate the advantages of the indefinite proximal matrices over the positive definite or the semi-definite proximal matrices.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Mackay

Gustavsen and Semlyen’s vector fitting algorithm (VFA) is popular for the determination of the poles and residues of a sampled response function, modeled as a finite order rational function. However, it does not always perform well when the original function is of infinite order and/or the model order is overestimated. This article is concerned with a novel “null-space” modification of the VFA that provides an accurate representation of the original function when the model order is large and when the original VFA performs poorly. The null-space method is parameterized by a single control parameter, L, which can be adjusted to improve accuracy. Comparisons are made with the original VFA and another of Gustavsen’s modifications


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Mackay

Gustavsen and Semlyen’s vector fitting algorithm (VFA) is popular for the determination of the poles and residues of a sampled response function, modeled as a finite order rational function. However, it does not always perform well when the original function is of infinite order and/or the model order is overestimated. This article is concerned with a novel “null-space” modification of the VFA that provides an accurate representation of the original function when the model order is large and when the original VFA performs poorly. The null-space method is parameterized by a single control parameter, L, which can be adjusted to improve accuracy. Comparisons are made with the original VFA and another of Gustavsen’s modifications


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyu Chen ◽  
Chunyan Yan ◽  
Xihe Zhao

The discovery of circular RNA (circRNA) greatly complements the traditional gene expression theory. CircRNA is a class of non-coding RNA with a stable cyclic structure. They are highly expressed, spatiotemporal-specific and conservative across species. Importantly, circRNA participates in the occurrence of many kinds of tumors and regulates the tumor development. Glioma is featured by limited therapy and grim prognosis. Cancer-associated circRNA compromises original function or creates new effects in glioma, thus contributing to oncogenesis. Therefore, this article reviews the biogenesis, metabolism, functions and properties of circRNA as a novel potential biomarker for gliomas. We elaborate the expression characteristics, interaction between circRNA and other molecules, aiming to identify new targets for early diagnosis and treatment of gliomas.


Author(s):  
Tuan Trinh

In this work, we study the Watson-type integral transforms for the convolutions related to the Hartley and Fourier transformations. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for these operators to be unitary in the L 2 (R) space and get their inverse represented in the conjugate symmetric form. Furthermore, we also formulated the Plancherel-type theorem for the aforementioned operators and prove a sequence of functions that converge to the original function in the defined L 2 (R) norm. Next, we study the boundedness of the operators (T k ). Besides, showing the obtained results, we demonstrate how to use it to solve the class of integro-differential equations of Barbashin type, the differential equations, and the system of differential equations. And there are numerical examples given to illustrate these.


2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Carla Sassi

The present article investigates two recently published essayistic memoirs, Ellie Harrison’s The Glasgow Effect (2019) and Darren McGarvey’s Poverty Safari (2017), and the debate between the two writers/artists within the wider framework of the Glasgow discourse, a manneristic imagination of the city shaped by the Glasgow novel in the course of the twentieth century. Focusing on issues of representation of traumatic historical memory, it relies especially on Myriam Jimeno’s idea of emotional community and presents the Glasgow novel as an example of such community, originally designed to make the predicament of the working classes visible. The article contends that many contemporary novels posit deviance from the genre’s original function of voicing the subaltern, exploiting instead a popular literary cliché. It also argues that both the texts, by representing their authors’ emotions and life stories as embedded in the city’s social and cultural landscape, dis/place the borders of the city’s imagination, simultaneously stumbling upon and pushing back the limits of the Glasgow discourse


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela de Brito Sanchez ◽  
Anna Expósito Muñoz ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Weifone Huang ◽  
Songkun Su ◽  
...  

AbstractThe adipokinetic hormone (AKH) of insects is considered an equivalent of the mammalian hormone glucagon as it induces fast mobilization of carbohydrates and lipids from the fat body upon starvation. Yet, in foraging honey bees, which lack fat body storage for carbohydrates, it was suggested that AKH may have lost its original function. Here we manipulated the energy budget of bee foragers to determine the effect of AKH on appetitive responses. As AKH participates in a cascade leading to acceptance of unpalatable substances in starved Drosophila, we also assessed its effect on foragers presented with sucrose solution spiked with salicin. Starved and partially-fed bees were topically exposed with different doses of AKH to determine if this hormone modifies food ingestion and sucrose responsiveness. We found a significant effect of the energy budget (i.e. starved vs. partially-fed) on the decision to ingest or respond to both pure sucrose solution and sucrose solution spiked with salicin, but no effect of AKH per se. These results are consistent with a loss of function of AKH in honey bee foragers, in accordance with a social life that implies storing energy resources in the hive, in amounts that exceed individual needs.


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