Design and implementation of Arduino based robotic arm

<p><span>This study presents the model, design, and construction of the Arduino based robotic arm, which functions across a distance as it is controlled through a mobile application. A six degree of freedom robotic arm has been designed and implemented for the purpose of this research. The design controlled by the Arduino platform receives orders from the user’s mobile application through wireless controlling signals, that is Bluetooth. The arm is made up of five rotary joints and an end effector, where rotary motion is provided by the servomotor. Each link has been first designed using solid works and then printed by 3D printer. The assembly of the parts of the robot and the motor’s mechanical shapes produce the final prototype of the arm. The Arduino has been programmed to provide rotation to each corresponding servo motor to the sliders in the designed mobile application for usage from distance.</span></p>

Power Consumption Simulation of Servo Motors Focusing on the Influence of Mechanical Vibration on Motor Efficiency

This paper presents a simulation method for the power consumption of servo motors, focusing on the influence of vibrations on the motor efficiency. An apparatus consisting of two servo motors connected through a coupling was specifically designed for this study. The efficiency of the servo motor was experimentally investigated for several torque vibration levels imposed through the selection of the control parameters, and the torque vibration level was quantified through the standard deviation of the torque signal. The efficiency map characteristics for each torque oscillating level were determined. A numerical model of the apparatus clarifying the dependency of the coupling characteristics on the oscillating torque was developed, and the torque oscillation of the system was simulated. A model based on the measured motor efficiency maps and the torque oscillation level was developed to simulate the motor efficiency under several torque vibrating conditions. Finally, the power consumption of the motor was simulated based on the simulated efficiency and mechanical power. A balance of input, output, and loss powers was presented, and the experimental measurements were compared with the simulation results. The power consumption of the motor increased when the torque oscillated owing to vibrations, and the loss of power due to both oscillations and the loss of motor efficiency was quantified.

Fluid Behaviour Analysis on Liquefaction Using Korinofaction Device

Earthquakes can be followed by liquefaction, which is a response of saturated soil when it is subjected to shock or stress that cause loss of soil strength or bearing capacity as an impact of the increasing of soil pore water and the loss of the soil stress’s effectiveness. This research using Korinofaction that work to cause cyclic loads or vibrations that come from DC servo motor with an adjustable speed and force. The earthquake’s strength is measured by the number of rpm measured on the digital tachometer. Korinofaction is equipped with plumbing system to observe fluid behaviour during liquefaction. The results of research showed that silty sand and silt was liquefied in VIII Modified Mercalli Intensity earthquake and cause the occurrence of water flow on the surface due to increase soil pore stress. The flow rate that triggers liquefaction in the silty sand is 6,769 × 10-5 m 3/ second ’ and silt is 5,0 × 10-5 m 3/ second . The water flow that flows in the silty sand had permeability of 4,76 × 10-4 Cm/second while on the silt is 6,09 × 10-4 Cm/second . After liquefaction, gradient hydraulic of silty sand is 4,76 mm and silt is 6,09 mm. Based on this research liquefaction caused mobilized debris flow and muddy debris flow.

Development of two-redundant multi-turn absolute encoder based on small modulus reducer

In order to meet the development needs of aerospace servo technology, the angular displacement sensor, which compact structure, high reliability, and be able to adapt to harsh working environments is used for the measurement and feedback of the high speed of the servo motor output shaft. The design of a two-redundant multi-turn absolute encoder based on a single-turn absolute encoder and a precision small modulus reducer, which realizes the high speed measurement of the servo motor shaft at 8000 rpm. Product performance meets the technical indicators of similar products of HEIDENHAIN encoders, can withstand high temperature, long working life, good dynamic performance, small space and light weight. System test and simulation analysis show that the design technical scheme is effective and feasible, can meet the requirements of the servo system.

Garage Control and Monitoring System using Fuzzy Logic Method Based on User Distance and Speed

The increase in private vehicles number will also increase the number of crimes such as vehicle theft. So the owner must have a garage to increase security. However, generally security systems still use standard security. So, a system was developed to improve security and make it easier to be more effective using the ESP32 microcontroller to process the user's distance and speed values ??to control the rolling door using fuzzy logic, monitor whether or not vehicles are in the garage through a smartphone application, manage the queuing system on the smartphone application and find out the quality of the network used. Data retrieval is done by testing the hardware performance, namely the MG996R Servo Motor, ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04, Magnetic Switch MC-38, Infrared Sensor, Buzzer Module, and 1W HPL LED and the performance of smartphone application software made using Android Studio. From the test results, the speed of the servo motor with forward rotation is obtained from fuzzy logic processing to get the maximum and minimum values. A monitoring system to determine the presence or absence of a car in the garage by utilizing the color change of the view on the smartphone application. In automatic mode the smartphone application uses a queue system, where only one user can use the application, so other users cannot access the smartphone application and receive notifications. Based on the ITU-T standard, network quality testing (QOS) using wireshark software with parameters delay, packet loss and throughput gets a very good category value.

Development of Smart Waste Bin for Solid Waste Management

Growing urbanisation in developing countries, population growth, and changes in human activities and consumption patterns have resulted in significant amounts of trash that must be appropriately disposed of, treated, and managed to provide a sustainable environment and a reasonable standard of life for the growing population. The aim of the paper is to design a smart dustbin for proper disposal of waste without any human intervention by providing a smart technology for waste system monitoring, reducing human time, effort, and intervention. This paper presents a smart waste bin integrated with a microcontroller-based Arduino board which is interfaced with ultrasonic sensors, MQ-2 sensor, servo motor, LCD and GSM modem. The Arduino microcontroller is programmed using Arduino C which measures the height of the dust bin using the ultrasonic sensor. Once the waste gets to the pre-set level, the microcontroller activates the GSM modem to send a message to a designated number. The status of the waste in the bin is transferred to the designated line and display on the LCD whenever it exceeds the pre-set value. The replacement of the traditional waste bin with smart waste bin help in efficient management of waste by assuring that filled waste bin are emptied when the pre-set value is exceeded. This also help in reducing time involve in checking the status of the waste bin and number of trips embarked by the waste collection vehicle and total expenditure associated with collection is minimized. It eventually helps to maintain cleanliness in our environment. Therefore, the system makes the waste collection more efficient.

Development of Wireless Technique to Regulate Seed Dropping in a Seeder for Intercropping

Although intercropping gives additional yield per unit area than sole cropping, yield may also decrease as the crops differ in their competitive abilities. To avoid competition and to accompany complimentary action between the base crop and inter crop in intercropping practise, proper crop ratio of two crops should be maintained. When sowing with available seeders crop ratio was not maintained because of non-availability of a seed hopper, handling two different varieties of seeds and the un controlled seed flow from the hopper to the seed tube when ground wheel is rotating. To look after this problem an experiment was conducted at DFMPE, AEC & RI, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Kumulur by fabricating a seed hopper consisting of two compartments and circular shaped outlet for two variety of seeds and developing an RF (radio frequency) wireless technology to control servo motor in order to restrict the seed drop from seed hopper to the seed tube even though ground wheel is in running condition. In this paper considering a seven-row seeder, the performance of a micro controller coded with appropriate programme in embedded C language which can regulate seven servo motors each at seven seed hoppers, functioning of RF transmitter sketch, functioning of RF receiver sketch, header issue & its solution, angle conversion of servo shaft and power consumption was observed and discussed. Total power required for operating RF electronic setup containing seven servomotors was recorded as 5 V 12 A. The angle of rotation of servo motor shaft was from 0º to 165º when pulse width range in micro controller was set from 0 and 2400 micro seconds. The servo did not respond in the hardware interfacing because both the libraries use timer 1 interrupt which created an error issue. In order to overcome that “Servo timer 2.h” header was issued instead of servo.h. Then sketch was compiled and was executed successfully.

Investigation of a Digital Hydraulic Valve Operated by Servo Motors

This paper describes a new type of digital hydraulic valve run by two servo motors. Digital hydraulics is a cutting-edge technology, which saves more exhausted energy than conventional hydraulic valves. It includes conventional valves, but its working principle is different. Similar or different size valves constitute a digital hydraulic valve assembly. When the assigned valves are opened, a certain amount of flow is obtained from the output of the valve assembly. To control a digital hydraulic valve, Pulse Number Modulation (PNM) Control technique is used for equal valve flow rates, while Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) is used for different valve flow rates. Valves are exerted by independently launched electric coils. Previous studies used controller board and external power booster circuits for coils. In this study, a new type of digital hydraulic valve is designed, manufactured, and tested with the PNM method. The studied valve body has two different valve groups. Every group includes 16 equal valves and 1 camshaft rotated by 1 servo motor. The servo motors are controlled by a PLC. The calculated performance index is found to be 5.1ms which is similar to the results of previous studies. The experimental results showed that the cam and servo motor controlled digital hydraulics is applicable to variable speed control hydraulic systems.

Measurement push and pull forces on automatic liquid dispensers

<span lang="EN-US">Since the COVID-19 pandemic, automated liquid dispensers have been increasingly developed to assist transmission prevention. However, data availability of automatic liquid dispenser mechanism's technical characteristics is not yet widely available. This causes frequent over or under design in its development. Therefore, we specifically measure push and pull forces engineering characteristics generated by the automatic liquid dispenser mechanism. A wire mechanism-based automatic liquid dispenser apparatus was used to experiment. A load-cell sensor was used to detect the force that occurs from a servo motor controlled by a microcontroller. The force data (push and pull) will be sent directly to the database server cloud with a recording </span><span lang="EN-US">frequency of every second. Three types of fluid treatment levels are used i.e. water, liquid soap, and hand sanitizer gel. Three types of fluid volume treatment levels used were 50 ml, 150 ml, and 250 ml. Each treatment level combination is carried out at the servo motors rotation steps 180</span><span lang="EN-US">°</span><span lang="EN-US">, 150</span><span lang="EN-US">°</span><span lang="EN-US">, 120</span><span lang="EN-US">°</span><span lang="EN-US">, 90</span><span lang="EN-US">°</span><span lang="EN-US">, 60</span><span lang="EN-US">°</span><span lang="EN-US">, and 30</span><span lang="EN-US">°</span><span lang="EN-US">. The results show that no significant differences were found in maximal forces required to release the water, liquid soap, and hand-sanitizer gel. It is also known that the volume of the fluid has a very significant effect on the amount of push and pull forces generated.</span>