Wage Differences between Polish and Romanian Intra-EU Migrants in a Flexi-Secure Labour Market: An Over-Time Perspective

By merging longitudinal register data and a customised survey, this article explores whether sectoral segmentation, migrants’ pre- and post-migration human capital and social structures, shape wages of Polish and Romanian long-term migrants to Denmark. Pronounced wage differences in favour of Polish migrants are evident in the first two years in Denmark, notwithstanding the same regulatory context under the free movement of labour in the EU. Wage differences persist – albeit at a considerably lower level – throughout the eight-year period, mainly because of significant sectoral segmentation. Sectoral segmentation not explained by demographics, pre-migration human capital or crisis effects, might indicate categorical stereotyping by employers. Regarding (co-ethnic) social networks, at least for the early stages of migration, the study does not find significant effects on wages. While the evidence shows a positive return on wages of formal higher education taken post migration, this is not the case for further training and Danish language education.

Transitional Care Nurses’ Self-Reported Characteristics of Work Areas, Job Satisfaction, Competencies and Need for Further Training: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Transitional care for older people with multiple chronic conditions is complex, and it is essential to identify the competencies of the nurses who provide such care. Aim: This study aimed to describe and compare the self-reported characteristics of transitional care nurses to their work areas, job satisfaction, competencies, and need for further training. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used, and STROBE was followed for reporting. The total population of transitional care nurses (n=28) in Denmark was invited to participate. Data were collected through a questionnaire covering work areas, job satisfaction, competencies, and the need for further training. Results: Respondents reported high confidence in competencies related to direct clinical practice, cooperation and consultation, caregiver involvement, and use of electronic communication, and a limited need for further training. Expert transitional care nurses have high confidence in their work competencies related to patients and administrative tasks and increased job satisfaction.

PENDAMPINGAN MARKET KOPI BUBUK ROBUSTA DAMPIT ABAH KAROM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN NILAI JUAL

ABSTRAKPemilik usaha kopi bubuk robusta Dampit yaitu Abah Karom selaku mitra menyampaikan keluhannya kepada tim pengabdi. Keluhan tersebut adalah rendahnya omzet penjualan usaha kopi bubuk yang dimilikinya. Tim pengabdi bersama dengan mitra mengidentifikasi penyebab permasalahan utama tersebut. Beberapa permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh UMKM Kopi Bubuk Dampit Abah Karom adalah penjualan yang masih sangat rendah. Hal ini disebabkan karena kemasan yang belum mengandung keseluruhan informasi mengenai produk, belum ada izin P-IRT dan promosi yang dilakukan masih bersifat tradisional. Tujuan dilakukannya kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat adalah melakukan pendampingan market agar dapat meningkatkan nilai penjualan kopi bubuk robusata Dampit milik Abah Karom. Dalam rangka mewujudkan tujuan tersebut, tim pengabdi bersama dengan mitra yaitu pemilik UMKM kopi bubuk Dampit Abah Karom memberikan solusi atas permasalahan yang dihadapi sebagai berikut: mendesain ulang kemasan sehingga dapat mengandung informasi yang seharusnya ada dalam kemasan, mendaftarkan izin P-IRT dan menambahkan media promosi berbasis online dalam rangka meningkatkan penjualan kopi bubuk Dampit Abah Karom. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh tim pengabdi meliputi survei awal untuk mengetahui keluhan mitra dan kesepakatan bersama tim pengabdi dan mitra dalam menetapkan solusi dari permasalahan, forum group discussion (FGD), selanjutnya pelatihan pembuatan desain kemasan, sosialisasi dan pendampingan izin P-IRT, serta pelatihan dan pendampingan promosi dengan menggunakan media online. Diharapkan hasil pengabdian yang dilakukan dapat meningkatkan omzet penjualan kopi bubuk Dampit Abah Karom. Kata kunci: kopi bubuk robusta; UMKM; dampit; PIRT; kemasan; promosi online. ABSTRACTThe Dampit Robusta coffee business owner, Abah Karom as a partner, conveyed his complaint to the service team. The complaint is the low sales turnover of his ground coffee business. The service team, together with partners, identified the causes of these central problems. One of the problems MSMEs Coffee Powder Dampit Abah Karom is that sales are still meager. This is because the packaging does not contain all the information about the product, there is no P-IRT permit, and the promotion is still traditional. The purpose of community service activities is to provide market assistance in order to increase the sales value of Abah Karom's Robusta Dampit Robusta coffee. In order to realize this goal, the service team together with partners, namely the MSME owner of ground coffee Dampit Abah Karom provided solutions to the problems faced as follows: redesigning the packaging so that it can contain information that should be in the packaging, registering P-IRT permits and adding online-based promotional media in order increase sales of Dampit Abah Karom ground coffee. The method of implementing community service carried out by the service team includes an initial survey to find out partner complaints and agreements with the service team and partners in determining solutions to problems, group discussion forums (FGD), further training on packaging design, socialization, and assistance for P-IRT permits. It is hoped that the results of the service carried out can increase Dampit Abah Karom ground coffee sales turnover. Keywords: robusta ground coffee; MSMEs; dampit; PIRT; packaging; online promotion.

South Africa’s adult educators in the community college sector: Who they are and how they view their training, their work and their position

This article examines the work context of South Africa’s state-employed adult educators. It is based largely on a recent cross-sectional study of adult educators commissioned by the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET), which draws on the DHET’s database of adult educators and qualitative information gained from visits to adult education and training centres in all nine provinces. The study enquired into adult educators’ working lives, their qualifications, their sense of whether their training was adequate, the issue of further training, their understanding of their work, their conditions of service and the support they believe they need. The study showed that the number of adult educators employed by the DHET is declining steadily and that the working conditions of adult educators are uneven: a few work in fairly well-resourced urban centres, but many work in poor conditions, with little support. Nevertheless, the study indicated that almost all the adult educators view their role in a positive light. Confident of support from one another, they have a definite shared identity as a social group and express a strong commitment to their learners and the communities in which they work. Overall, they constitute a group with strong, yet poorly tapped, potential to contribute to positive community development.

Qualimetric methods of diagnostics of an individual's readiness for further training

В статье представлены критерии когнитивной готовности индивида к дальнейшему обучению. Известно, что в России сложилась система непрерывного образования, и обеспечение преемственности между ступенями – одна из ключевых задач. Также известно, что в современном мире популярна концепция «образования через всю жизнь». Но очевидно, что для конкретного индивида реализация данной концепции возможна лишь в том случае, если он готов к обучению на дальнейшем этапе (последующей ступени). Недостаточная разработанность моделей и методов диагностики готовности индивида к дальнейшему обучению препятствует совершенствованию системы непрерывного образования, обеспечению преемственности между его ступенями. При выделении критериев когнитивной готовности авторы учитывали, что компетенции и личностно-профессиональные качества включают в себя не только соответствующие знания и умения, но также личный опыт соответствующей деятельности. Теоретическая значимость результатов настоящего исследования в том, что они могут быть базой для дальнейшего научного осмысления проблемы становления конкурентоспособной личности в системе непрерывного образования, практическая значимость – в том, что они могут быть использованы в системах психолого-педагогического мониторинга (мониторинга личностно-профессионального развития). Методы исследования: анализ научной литературы и передового педагогического опыта, моделирование, методы квалиметрии, метод экспертных оценок, методы математической статистики, методы теории множеств, методы линейной алгебры, методы инфометрии. Методологические основы исследования: системный, социологический, компетентностный, личностно-ориентированный, деятельностный, квалиметрический и вероятностно-статистический подходы. The article presents the criteria of an individual's cognitive readiness for further education. It is known that Russia has a system of continuing education, and ensuring continuity between the stages is one of the key tasks. It is also known that the concept of “lifelong learning" is popular in the modern world. But it is obvious that for a particular individual, the implementation of this concept is possible only if he is ready to learn at a further stage (subsequent stage). Insufficient development of models and methods for the diagnosis of an individual's readiness for further education hinders the improvement of the system of continuing education, ensuring continuity between its stages. When identifying the criteria of cognitive readiness, the authors took into account that competencies and personal and professional qualities include not only relevant knowledge and skills, but also personal experience of the relevant activity. The theoretical significance of the results of this study is that they can be the basis for further scientific understanding of the problem of becoming a competitive personality in the system of continuing education, the practical significance is that they can be used in systems of psychological and pedagogical monitoring (monitoring of personal and professional development). Research methods: analysis of scientific literature and advanced pedagogical experience, modeling, methods of quantification, method of expert assessments, methods of mathematical statistics, methods of set theory, methods of linear algebra, methods of info-metric. Methodological foundations of the research: systematic, sociological, competence-based, personality-oriented, activity-based, qualimetric and probabilistic-statistical approaches.

Do New Zealand public library workers self-censor controversial library materials? - An exploration of their knowledge and views on the promotion of intellectual freedom in the library

<p>The first objective of this study is to investigate how much knowledge public library workers have of the role of libraries in upholding intellectual freedom. Secondly, to establish whether, and for what reasons library workers would opt to self-censor in the face of controversial library materials. Lastly, to determine whether library workers require further information and training in order to achieve the professional anti-censorship standards as promoted by LIANZA. I used a qualitative methodology to collect data and conducted nine interviews with library workers from public libraries situated in the central North Island. They were asked to share their views on twelve books - selected for their controversial content - to determine which, if any, self-censorship actions they would take in respect of each individual title. They were asked to give reasons for self-censorship actions. They were also asked to share their knowledge of intellectual freedom in libraries. The key findings for the first objective were that all the participants were familiar with the concept of intellectual freedom in libraries, but none of them were aware of the content of the LIANZA statement or their own library’s policy. Almost all the participants relied heavily on their management for information in this regard, even if the information is conveyed informally. Secondly, the participants often selected self-censorship actions, with the main reasons being a personal distaste of the item or fear of offending library users. Lastly almost all the participants said that they felt sufficiently informed on intellectual freedom in libraries and required no further training.</p>

Do New Zealand public library workers self-censor controversial library materials? - An exploration of their knowledge and views on the promotion of intellectual freedom in the library

<p>The first objective of this study is to investigate how much knowledge public library workers have of the role of libraries in upholding intellectual freedom. Secondly, to establish whether, and for what reasons library workers would opt to self-censor in the face of controversial library materials. Lastly, to determine whether library workers require further information and training in order to achieve the professional anti-censorship standards as promoted by LIANZA. I used a qualitative methodology to collect data and conducted nine interviews with library workers from public libraries situated in the central North Island. They were asked to share their views on twelve books - selected for their controversial content - to determine which, if any, self-censorship actions they would take in respect of each individual title. They were asked to give reasons for self-censorship actions. They were also asked to share their knowledge of intellectual freedom in libraries. The key findings for the first objective were that all the participants were familiar with the concept of intellectual freedom in libraries, but none of them were aware of the content of the LIANZA statement or their own library’s policy. Almost all the participants relied heavily on their management for information in this regard, even if the information is conveyed informally. Secondly, the participants often selected self-censorship actions, with the main reasons being a personal distaste of the item or fear of offending library users. Lastly almost all the participants said that they felt sufficiently informed on intellectual freedom in libraries and required no further training.</p>

Evaluation of General Practitioners' awareness of hearing screening in the elderly

Objectives The aim of this study is to assess the awareness of community general practitioners on hearing screening for the elderly. Methods From January to February 2019, 367 general practitioners from 12 community health service centers, distributed in urban and suburban areas of Pudong District, Shanghai, were investigated with self-designed questionnaires. Results The general practitioners had poor understandings of the definition and onset of presbycusis. The accuracy of answers regarding the high-risk factors of presbycusis was zero. The top-three common hearing screening methods selected by general practitioners were screening version of the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE-s) (94.55%), self-auditory assessment (83.65%), and pure-tone audiometry (77.66%). As for the attitudinal evaluation of hearing screening, 49.59% of the participants thought it was highly meaningful, 48.77% thought that early intervention would have clinical benefits. However, 52.59% of the participants believed it was necessary for specialists to complete the auditory screening in the community, and 13.62% thought hearing screening was impracticable in community. Conclusion Our questionnaire suggested that general practitioners were aware of the knowledge of hearing screening and agreed with its significance. But further training is highly demanded to promote the professional skills for general practitioners in community.

A survey on knowledge and attitudes towards molar-Incisor hypomineralization among undergraduate and postgraduate students in School of Stomatology, Wuhan University

Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental dental disease, and its clinical management challenges dentists. The study aimed to investigate the knowledge about MIH and attitudes towards learning more about MIH among undergraduate and postgraduate students in the School of Stomatology, Wuhan University.Methods: This survey was based on a questionnaire, modified based on previous studies. The questionnaire was sent to 540 undergraduate and postgraduate students from the School of Stomatology, Wuhan University. Questions covered clinical experience, perceptions, clinical management, and preferences for further training. Data were analyzed with the Chi-square test.Results: We collected 368 questionnaires (response rate: 68%). Among those, 89% (328/368) were eligible for analysis. Most respondents (80%) had heard of MIH, primarily from classroom teaching. However, only 40% of the students had observed the disease clinically, and a relatively low proportion of students were familiar with the etiology, incidence, differential diagnosis, and treatment of MIH. Most respondents were highly enthusiastic and had high expectations about further systematic teaching about MIH.Conclusion: Most students in this study had heard of MIH, but few were familiar with the principles of diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Systematic teaching about MIH is warranted.

COVID-19 Vaccination Engagement and Barriers among Mississippi Pharmacists

After the emergency use authorization of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations in the United States, existing pharmacy infrastructure was leveraged to disseminate vaccines. However, the national uptake of COVID-19 vaccines remains poor. This survey study of Mississippi pharmacists aimed to identify barriers to providing COVID-19 vaccination among pharmacists in practice settings that provided other vaccines. A thematic analysis was used to analyze open-ended survey responses. This study found that the greatest identified barrier to COVID-19 vaccination for pharmacists was patient willingness. The thematic analysis revealed logistical barriers, vaccine hesitancy, and rural pharmacy distribution concerns. These findings suggest that pharmacists require further training in overcoming vaccine hesitancy, and potentially indicate a need for the distribution of vaccination responsibilities to additional pharmacy staff members.