reed canary grass
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2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sarmite Rancane ◽  

To develop the scientific work, field trials were performed at the Research Institute of Agronomy of the Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, in Skriveri in the time period from 2012 to 2016. Hypothesis of the thesis By using by-products of bioenergy production in fertilisation - fermentation residues or digestate and wood ash, it is possible to partially cover the requirements of energy grasses for nutrients, as well as to ensure their reuse. The aim of the thesis To find out the possibilities of growing reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) 'Bamse' and festulolium (× Festulolium pabulare) 'Felina' for energy production by using bioenergy production by-products in fertilisation – fermentation residues or digestate and wood ash, as well as to study possibilities of plant nutrient reuse in the system: soil – plants – digestate / ash – soil – plants. Research tasks 1. To evaluate digestate and wood ash as energy grasses fertilisers. 2. To find out the optimal norm and the regime of use of digestate in reed canary grass fertilisation. 3. To study the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium circulation cycle in the system: soil – plants – digestate / ash – soil – plants. 4. To perform economic evaluation of reed canary grass and festulolium fertilisation. The structure of the research paper Chapter 1 - The literature review includes five subchapters. The chapter provides a brief overview of bioenergy production technologies, examines perennial grasses in the context of bioenergy production, evaluates agrotechnical measures to ensure adequate grass biomass yield and quality for biogas and fuel feedstock production, examines plant nutrient circulation in bioenergy crop production systems, and provides agronomic assessment of by-product – digestate and ash fertiliser for use in energy grass plantations. Chapter 2 - Materials and Methods includes two subchapters. The chapter describes the methodology of test establishment, the studied material, the observations and analyzes performed, describes the meteorological conditions and describes the statistical analysis of data. Chapter 3 - The results and discussion include six subsections. The chapter analyzes the obtained results on reed canary grass and festulolium yield and changes in yield structure and quality due to the use of different fertilisers, norms and regimes, performing grassland dry matter yield inventory by mowing once and twice a year. The remove of plant nutrients from soil with dry matter yield, as well as changes in soil agrochemical parameters due to fertilisation were evaluated. An economic evaluation of reed canary grass and festulolium fertilisation has been performed. The conclusions include answers to the research tasks. The paper contains 34 tables, 41 figures, 53 annexes and 353 scientific source references.


2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
L. D. Urazova ◽  
O. V. Litvinchuk

One reliable way to restore eroded soils and technogenic land is to reclaim it by sowing perennial grasses. Samples of reed canary grass suitable for reclamation of coal dumps in the Kemerovo region have been studied and identified. Experimental work was carried out in the Tomsk region (5811 N, 8300 E) during the period of 2017-2020. The research subjects are represented by samples of reed canary grass taken in 2016. A nursery of study samples suitable for reclamation of coal dumps was laid in 2017 with six numbers - KM-1, KM-2, KM-3, KM-4, KM-5 (Tomsk region), the variety Vityaz (Tomsk region) was used as a standard. The soils of the experimental plots were sod-podzolic acidic loamy sandy loam and loamy with a humus content of no more than 2% in the arable horizon. When evaluating the samples, the main attention is paid to studying the traits and properties that limit their cultivation under taiga conditions: grass density, plant height, foliage, winter hardiness, lodging resistance, seed productivity, green mass yield, resistance to the most common diseases. Over a 3-year study of selections of reed canary grass based on a set of the main economically important traits, the KM-5 sample has been identified. This specimen has a complex of valuable features in creating an adaptive variety suitable for reclamation of coal dumps (foliage - 61.4%, green matter yield - 38.5 t/ha, dry matter - 11.9, seeds - 0.21 t/ha). The selected number has annual reliable additions to the standard in terms of green matter yield of 8.5 t/ha, dry matter yield of 3.3, and seed yield of 0.04 t/ha. Samples KM-1, KM-5 showed high resistance to these diseases: helminthosporiosis - 6.0-6.1%, septoriosis - 2.6-4.2%.


Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Blas Mola-Yudego ◽  
Xiaoqian Xu ◽  
Oskar Englund ◽  
Ioannis Dimitriou

Research Highlights: (1) Reed canary grass (RCG) is analysed in Sweden compared to willow and poplar for 2001–2020. (2) Each crop presents a different land-use and climatic profile. (3) Average yield records of RCG are similar to willow and poplar. (4) There are divergences between trial-based and commercial yields. (5) Existing land-use change patterns suggest meadow > RCG and RCG > cereal. (6) RCG land area is very sensitive to policy incentives. Background and objectives: RCG is an alternative crop for biomass-to-energy due to high yield and frost tolerance. We assess the cultivation in Sweden by using an extensive compilation of data, with emphasis on the extent of the cultivation, climatic profile, land-use patterns, and productivity. Material and methods: RCG plantations are analysed for 2001–2020. A geostatistical analysis is performed to characterize where it is cultivated and the land uses associated. Climatic, productivity, and yield profiles are compared to willow and poplar plantations from experiments and from commercial plantations. Results: The results show that the cultivation of RCG expanded after 2005, with a maximum of 800 ha in 2009, to then decrease to the current levels of about 550 ha. It is mainly grown in colder climatic areas, with lower agricultural productivity than willow and poplar. Mean yields from trials are 6 oven dry tonnes (odt) ha−1 year−1; commercial yields are 3.5 odt ha−1 year−1. RCG replaces meadow land and then is replaced by cereals when abandoned. Conclusions: RCG is an interesting alternative with similar yields (commercial and trials) as other energy crops, but its success is more sensitive to policy incentives.


Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 895
Author(s):  
Gintaras Šiaudinis ◽  
Algirdas Jasinskas ◽  
Egidijus Šarauskis ◽  
Regina Skuodienė ◽  
Regina Repšienė ◽  
...  

A field experiment with reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) was carried out at LAMMC Vėžaičiai Branch (Western Lithuania) in 2010–2016 with the aim to evaluate the impact of liming and nitrogen on grass productivity, biomass chemical content and energetic parameters of the pellets. The site soil is the natural acidic loam Retisol (pH 4.2–4.6). Reed canary grass productivity was significantly affected by the year of growing and nitrogen fertilization. The average annual dry matter (DM) yield varied from 5442 to 11,114 t ha−1. The highest yields were obtained using the annual rate of 120 kg ha−1 N (nitrogen) fertilizers. Soil liming had a negligible effect on biomass productivity. Nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) varied greatly depending on the growing year and N fertilization rate. After analyzing the properties of reed canary grass and wood sawdust granules, it was found that the granules obtained a high density exceeding 1000 kg m−3 DM. The lowest calorific value of reed canary grass pellets was found to be quite high—17.4 MJ kg−1 DM. All harmful emissions did not exceed the permissible values. Summarizing the results, it can be stated that reed canary grass pellets may be recommended for burning in domestic boilers.


Author(s):  
Blas Mola ◽  
Xiaoqian Xu ◽  
Oskar Englund ◽  
Ioannis Dimitriou

Research Highlights: (1) Reed canary grass (RCG) is analysed in Sweden compared to willow and poplar for 2001-2020 (2) Each crop presents a different land-use and climatic profile (3) Average yield records of reed canary grass are similar to willow and poplar (4) There are divergences between trial-based and commercial yields (5) Existing LUC patterns suggest meadow>RCG and RCG>cereal (6) RCG land area is very sensitive to policy incentives. Background and objectives: RCG is an alternative crop for biomass-to-energy due to high yield and frost tolerance. We assess the cultivation in Sweden by using an extensive compilation of data, with emphasis on the extension of the cultivation, areas planted, climatic profile, land use patterns and yield levels. Material and methods: All RCG plantations are analysed for 2001-2020. A geostatistical analysis is performed to characterize where is cultivated and the land uses associated. Climatic, productivity and yield profiles are compared to willow and poplar plantations, from experiments and from commercial plantations. Results: The results show that the cultivation of reed canary grass expanded after 2005, with a maximum of 800 ha in 2009 to then decrease to the current levels of about 550 ha. It is mainly grown in colder climatic areas, with lower agricultural productivity than willow and poplar. Mean yields from trials are 6 odt ha-1 yr-1; commercial yields are 3.5 odt ha-1 yr-1. RCG replace meadow land and is replaced by cereals, when abandoned. Conclusions: Reed canary grass is an interesting alternative, growing on colder areas but on similar yield levels than other energy crops. The cultivation is more sensitive to policy incentives


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Nielsen ◽  
Lars Elsgaard ◽  
Uffe Jørgensen ◽  
Poul Erik Lærke

<p>Drainage of peatlands for agriculture causes substantial degradation and finally loss, including associated ecosystem functions, but also creates emission hotspots of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). Mean CO<sub>2</sub> emission from drained temperate grassland on peat was reported by IPCC as 22.4 (18.3-26.7) Mg<br>CO<sub>2</sub>-eq ha<sup>-1</sup> y<sup>-1</sup> (95% CI) while methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions were close to zero. Rewetting of peatlands reduces CO<sub>2</sub> emissions while at the same time favouring CH<sub>4 </sub>emissions. From wet or rewetted nutrient-rich grassland, emissions of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> were reported by IPCC as 1.8 (-2.8-2.8) and<br>9.8 (0-39) Mg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq ha<sup>-1</sup> y<sup>-1</sup>, respectively (GWP CH<sub>4 </sub>= 34). The uncertainties of the estimates reflect the large variation among the reported studies, which could be caused by different climate conditions, vegetation, groundwater table (GWT), peat composition and biogeochemistry. A mesocosm experiment was established to assess biogeochemical causes of variation in CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> flux dynamics under controlled GWT for peatsoils derived from five different Danish bogs and fens. A total number of 75 mesocosms were grouped into three treatments: GWT -40 cm, bare; GWT -5 cm, bare; and GWT -5 cm, cultivated with reed canary grass (RCG). GHG fluxes were measured using opaque chambers at biweekly intervals from July 2019 to 2020 and extrapolated to annual values. Preliminary results indicate significant differences regarding CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes across all sites and depending on soil biogeochemical and physical properties. Rewetting raised the contribution of CH<sub>4</sub> most on soils from Store Vildmose and Vejrumbro with 1.9 to 12.9 t CO<sub>2</sub>eq ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> and 0.1 to 5.7 t CO<sub>2</sub>eq ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. On an annual average, these high emissions were with 69 % and 48 % mitigated by the cultivation of RCG in a paludiculture scenario. Further, the results show that CH<sub>4</sub> spikes of up to 37.5 mg m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> at elevated GWT during warmer summer months may be mitigated by cultivation with RCG, with maximum peaks of 2.1 mg m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>. Soil analyses highlighted distinct differences in the soil mineralogical composition across sites and soil depths.</p>


Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Marek Kopecký ◽  
Petr Mráz ◽  
Ladislav Kolář ◽  
Radka Váchalová ◽  
Jaroslav Bernas ◽  
...  

Cultivation of energy crops is a part of modern agriculture. In particular, maize (Zea mays L.) is widely grown in central Europe. However, in terms of erosion risk and high demands on fertilization and protection against diseases and pests, its growing is not environmentally friendly. Therefore, possibilities of utilization of other more environmentally friendly energy crops have been examined at present. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of various fertilization (mineral, digestate, control) on the yields of tall wheatgrass (TWG) (Elymus elongatus subsp. ponticus) and reed canary grass (RCG) (Phalaris arundinacea L.) cultivated in a long-term field experiment on the experimental site in Czech Republic. The energy profit from cultivation of these crops and its protective anti-erosion effect were evaluated. The average yields ranged from 4.6 (RCG, mineral fertilization) to 7.4 t/ha (TWG, digestate fertilization). The more profitable species was tall wheatgrass, the biomass of which also had the higher heating value. The energy profit ranged from 80 GJ/ha (RCG, control variant and mineral fertilization) to 133 GJ/ha (TWG, digestate and mineral fertilization). It has been found that the tested plants excel in anti-erosion effect and could therefore be a suitable alternative to maize, especially in less-favored areas.


Author(s):  
Д.А. Вагунин ◽  
Н.Н. Иванова ◽  
Н.Н. Амбросимова ◽  
Н.А. Епифанова ◽  
О.Н. Анциферова

В условиях осушаемых земель гумидной зоны исследованы сенокосные агрофитоценозы на основе козлятника восточного. Эксперименты проводились в 2014–2019 годах на полигоне ВНИИМЗ — филиала ФИЦ «Почвенный институт им. В. В. Докучаева» (Тверская область). Объектом исследований были многолетние травы при сенокосном использовании: козлятник восточный (сорта Гале, Юбиляр, Кривич), кострец безостый (сорт Вегур), двукисточник тростниковый (сорт Урал), тимофеевка луговая (сорт ВИК 9). Исследования проводились как в травосмесях, так и в одновидовых посевах. Установлено, что козлятник восточный в одновидовых посевах более продуктивен, чем в смешанных агрофитоценозах. Посевы козлятника восточного сорта Кривич на мелиорированных землях в среднем за 5 лет исследований обеспечили наибольшую продуктивность. Травосмесь козлятника восточного с тимофеевкой луговой, кострецом безостым и двукисточником тростниковым формировала урожайность сухой массы на уровне 6,2–8,0 т/га. Одновидовые посевы козлятника восточного всех изученных сортов формировали продуктивность сухой массы до 11,7 т/га. Продуктивность козлятника восточного была наибольшей на глееватой почве. При двуукосном использовании у одновидовых посевов козлятника восточного сорта Юбиляр на глубокооглееной почве, по сравнению с контрольным вариантом, продуктивность была выше на 19%. Менее продуктивными были посевы трёхкомпонентной злаковой смеси на глубокооглееной почве — 4,7 т/га. Установлено, что при посеве смеси козлятника восточного с кострецом безостым, тимофеевкой луговой и двукисточником тростниковым повышалась продуктивность травостоя и улучшалось качество корма. В смеси со злаками четырёхкомпонентные агроценозы были менее засорены несеяными видами трав. Наименьшая доля сорной растительности в бобово-злаковых травостоях на основе козлятника восточного отмечалась в смешанных посевах с участием сорта Юбиляр. Козлятник восточный показал высокую облиственность, которая составила 51,5–56,9%, что способствовало повышению качества кормов сенокосных травостоев. Ключевые слова: козлятник восточный, кострец безостый, тимофеевка луговая, двукисточник тростниковый, глубокооглеенная, глеевая почва, травостой, продуктивность, сенокос. Eastern goat’s rue ecosystems were analyzed on drainage lands of humid zone for hay production. The experiment was carried out at the All-Russian Research Institute of Meliorated Lands — branch of the Federal Research Center “Institute of Soil n. a. V. V. Dokuchaev” in 2014–2019. Perennial grasses performed as the objects of this study: eastern goat’s rue (“Gale”, “Yubilyar”, “Krivich”), smooth brome (“Vegur”), reed canary grass (“Ural”), common timothy (“VIK 9”). Both monocultures and mixtures were tested. Eastern goat’s rue performed better as monoculture. “Krivich” showed the highest productivity. The mixture of eastern goat’s rue, common timothy, and reed canary grass provided 6.2–8.0 t ha-1 of dry mass. Eastern goat’s rue monoculture produced up to 11.7 t ha-1. Eastern goat’s rue had higher productivity on gleyic soil. “Yubilyar” showed yield increase of 19% on gleyic soil under two cuts. Three-component mixture of gramineous had lower yield — 4.7 t ha-1. Seeding eastern goat’s rue with smooth brome, common timothy, and reed canary grass improved sward productivity and feed quality. Four-component ecosystems containing gramineous were less contaminated by weeds. Mixtures of “Yubilyar” had the minimum contamination. Eastern goat’s rue showed high leaf coverage of 51.5–56.9%, positively affecting forage quality.


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