rye straw
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

76
(FIVE YEARS 17)

H-INDEX

16
(FIVE YEARS 3)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Zawadzińska ◽  
Piotr Salachna ◽  
Jacek S. Nowak ◽  
Waldemar Kowalczyk ◽  
Rafał Piechocki ◽  
...  

Plant biomass in the form of waste materials and by-products from various industries can be a valuable material for the production of composts and growing media for urban gardening. In this study, pulp and paper mill sludge, fruit-vegetable waste, mushroom spent substrate and rye straw were used to produce compost that was further used as a medium component in container cultivation of tomato. The plants were grown in containers with a capacity of 3 dm3 filled with three types of compost-based growing media supplemented with high peat, fen peat, pine bark and wood fiber. The tomato plants grown in 100% peat substrate served as controls. The plants grown in the compost-enriched media had a higher leaf greening index and percentage of ripe fruit, and exhibited an increased content of total polyphenols and flavonoids, potassium, calcium, magnesium and copper in fruit as compared with the control. The tomatoes grown in a medium consisting of 25% compost, 30% high peat, 15% low peat, 20% pine bark and 10% wood fiber reached the highest fresh fruit weight, total polyphenol content and L-ascorbic acid levels. This study demonstrated that the compost produced from natural materials from various sources was a valuable potting medium supplement with positive effects on tomato yield and nutritional value.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5650
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kotarska ◽  
Wojciech Dziemianowicz ◽  
Anna Świerczyńska

The aim of this research is to examine the effect of lignocellulosic biomass detoxification on the efficiency of the methane fermentation process. Both for corn straw and rye straw, the methane yield was expressed per volume of fermentation medium and per mass of volatile solids (VS) added. Lignocellulosic biomass was subjected of thermo-chemical and enzymatic sequential pretreatments. It was found that methane yield was higher by 22% when using the detoxification process. In these variants, CH4 yield was 18.86 L/L for corn straw and 17.69 L/L for rye straw; while methane yield expressed per mass of VS added was 0.31 m3/kg VS for corn straw and 0.29 m3/kg VS for rye straw. The inclusion of a detoxification step in pretreatments of biomass lignocellulosic increases the degree of organic substance decomposition and enhances methane yield. The results show that a two-step pretreatment, alkaline/enzymatic with a detoxification process, is necessary for the effective generation of high methane concentration biogas.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1810
Author(s):  
Linda Schroedter ◽  
Friedrich Streffer ◽  
Katrin Streffer ◽  
Peter Unger ◽  
Joachim Venus

A new biorefinery concept is proposed that integrates the novel LX-Pretreatment with the fermentative production of L-(+)-lactic acid. Lignocellulose was chosen as a substrate that does not compete with the provision of food or feed. Furthermore, it contains lignin, a promising new chemical building material which is the largest renewable source for aromatic compounds. Two substrates were investigated: rye straw (RS) as a residue from agriculture, as well as the fibrous digestate of an anaerobic biogas plant operated with energy corn (DCS). Besides the prior production of biogas from energy corn, chemically exploitable LX-Lignin was produced from both sources, creating a product with a low carbohydrate and ash content (90.3% and 88.2% of acid insoluble lignin). Regarding the cellulose fraction of the biomass, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation experiments were conducted, comparing a separate (SHF), simultaneous (SSF) and prehydrolyzed simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF) approach. For this purpose, thermophilic B. coagulans 14-300 was utilized, reaching 38.0 g L−1 LA in 32 h SSF from pretreated RS and 18.3 g L−1 LA in 30 h PSSF from pretreated DCS with optical purities of 99%.


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1644
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wystalska ◽  
Anna Kwarciak-Kozłowska

Biochars produced during biodegradable waste pyrolysis are products with a wide range of environmental applications. The effect of impact biochars depends on their properties which determine the course of specific processes. The main aim of the study was to investigate the effect of pyrolysis temperature on selected properties of biochar produced from various plant wastes (beech wood chips, walnut shells, wheat-rye straw), the valorization of which is of key importance for the implementation of the circular economy. Biochars were produced at temperatures of: 400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. An increase in the pyrolysis temperature caused a drop in the biochar production yield. As the temperature increased, higher carbon content and lower hydrogen content could be seen in the products obtained. An increase in the pH and total organic carbon (TOC) values also found. The influence of temperature on ash content, observed in the case of BWS (biochar from walnut shell) and BWRS (biochar from wheat and rye straw), did not occur in the case of BWC (biochar from beech wood chips). Another parameter that demonstrated a growing tendency with increasing temperature was the BET specific surface area (except for biochars from wheat and rye straw). An increase in pyrolysis temperature caused a decrease in the diversity and density of the surface functional groups of biochars. The influence of the type of precursor used in the production of biochar on the presence of surface functional groups was demonstrated. The presence of intense stretching vibrations of C–O bonds, having a potential impact on the sorption capacity of biochars, was determined in the FTIR spectra of BWC600 and BWC700 biochars, this feature, combined with the large BET surface area, may affect the sorption potential of these biochars. The presence of this type of high-intensity vibrations was also observed in the spectra of biochar BWRS600 and BWRS700. This can compensate for the low BET surface value and play an important role when using these biochars in sorption processes for organic and inorganic compounds.


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1216
Author(s):  
Radosław Mirski ◽  
Aleksandra Banaszak ◽  
Pavlo Bekhta

This research investigated the effects of different thermoplastics types and different kinds of straw on selected properties of polymer-straw boards. Polyethylene, polyethylene, and polystyrene of virgin and of recycled origin were used for bonding the boards. Three kinds of straw were used: rape (Brassica napus L. var. napus), triticale (Triticosecale Witt b m.), and rye (Secale L.). Five-layer polymer-straw boards were produced. The obtained boards differed in both the materials they were made of and the moisture content (7, 25, and 2% for the core, the middle, and the face layers, respectively), and 30% of straw particles were substituted with thermoplastics added to the face layers. It was found that properties of polymer-straw boards strongly depend on both the kind of straw and the type of polymer used. The best mechanical properties were obtained for rye straw and polystyrene or recycled polymers, whereas the best hydrophobic properties were observed for rape straw combined with recycled polyethylene or polypropylene. Although recycled polymers improved the hydrophobic properties of the boards, they impaired their mechanical properties in comparison with the reference ones. However, in terms of bending strength, they still met the requirements for heavy duty load-bearing boards for use in humid conditions (20 MPa for P7 boards according to EN 312).


2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro André Feller ◽  
Jessica Vanessa Wosniak Corrêa ◽  
Carla Daiane Leite ◽  
Leandro Alvarenga Santos ◽  
Cacilda Márcia Duarte Rios Faria ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: The management of white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.) De Bary) has been one of the main production limitations faced by soybean (Glycine max L.) producers. Considering the complex management of this disease and resistance structure of the pathogen, the present study was conducted in the municipalities of Guarapuava and Palmas in Paraná with the objective of managing the white mold of soybean using straws of winter cereals, such as oat, rye, and triticale. Initially, the three winter cereals were cultivated simultaneously in both the study areas. Straw production, plant height, and shoot fresh and dry weight were evaluated. Subsequently, BMX Apollo soybean was cultivated on cereal straws, and the incidence and severity of white mold were evaluated. In the in vitro experiment, 20 sclerotia covered by a layer of cereal (oat, rye, and triticale) straws were added and carpogenic germination was observed only in the control treatment after 98 days. Regardless of the study site, rye presented greater height and fresh weight than the remaining two cereals. Soybean cultivation on winter cereal straw reduced the incidence and severity of white mold. Cultivation on rye straw reduced mold incidence by 77.7% and 76.6% in Palmas and Guarapuava, respectively.


Paliva ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Petr Buryan

Laboratory analyzes showed that the wood chips had a higher bulk density and a significantly lower ash content than wood pellets produced by the company technological process company Pelletia-cz. using an annular granulator with a pellet outlet temperature of 80-90 ° C. The water content and calorific value of the wood chips were slightly lower than that of the wood pellets. The content of volatile combustibles and the elemental composition of the two compared energy raw materials did not differ significantly. On the contrary, significant differences were found in herbal pellets (from winter wheat straw, winter rye straw and from whole triticale) produced by the identical process. It was shown that both the plant material and the addition of 3 wt. clay flours (binders) affect their parameters. For example, the proportion of fine material by the addition of a binder was significantly reduced in rye (to 0.17% by weight) and triticale pellets (to 0.04% by weight). On the other hand, the disadvantage of adding clay flour as a binder additive is the increase in the ash content, which reduces the calorific value of the pellets. The heat of combustion of pellets made of wood materials was about 2.5 MJ / kg higher than that of herbal pellets. Combustion of pellets from the three types of herbs monitored produces more emissions of chlorine and nitrogen oxides contaminants than wood samples relative to wood samples. The chlorine content in ashes from herbal pellets compared to ashes from wood materials was about 50 times higher. The nitrogen content in the compared raw materials was about 5–15 times higher for herbs.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6167
Author(s):  
Marcin Zastempowski ◽  
Andrzej Bochat

Comparative studies of the classical and new design of a chaff cutter’s cutting drum have been conducted within the frames of the study in order to determine their functional characteristics at the time of cutting rye straw into pieces of specific length (into chaff). A classical design of a cutting drum is of the shape of a roller and is suitable for material layer cross-cutting. However, the new drum design has the shape of a double truncated cone and, with the use of it, diagonal cuts in two directions can be realized. The studies were conducted for four designs of cutting drums with cutting angles α = 0° (classical design) and α = 15°, α = 30°, and α = 45° (new design). Three indicators were applied for the assessment: capacity, unit energy consumption, and the unit cutting resistance. The obtained results show that the use of a new drum design makes it possible, depending on the assumed parameters of the cutting process and the material’s compaction degree, to increase the process’s efficiency by up to 25%, lower the unit energy consumption up to 34%, and lower the unit cutting resistance by up to 8%. The conducted experimental studies have unequivocally shown that the use of a new cutting drum design, as compared to the classical one, results in a considerable increase in the cutting process’s performance. Studies on the new design of a chaff cutter’s cutting drum, of the shape of a double truncated cone, belong to original ones that so far have not been described in the available literature.


Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Domański ◽  
Olga Marchut-Mikołajczyk ◽  
Weronika Cieciura-Włoch ◽  
Piotr Patelski ◽  
Urszula Dziekońska-Kubczak ◽  
...  

The study describes sulfuric acid pretreatment of straw from Secale cereale L. (rye straw) to evaluate the effect of acid concentration and treatment time on the efficiency of biofuel production. The highest ethanol yield occurred after the enzyme treatment at a dose of 15 filter paper unit (FPU) per gram of rye straw (subjected to chemical hydrolysis with 2% sulfuric acid (SA) at 121 °C for 1 h) during 120 h. Anaerobic digestion of rye straw treated with 10% SA at 121 °C during 1 h allowed to obtain 347.42 L methane/kg volatile solids (VS). Most hydrogen was released during dark fermentation of rye straw after pretreatment of 2% SA, 121 °C, 1 h and 1% SA, 121 °C, 2 h—131.99 and 134.71 L hydrogen/kg VS, respectively. If the rye straw produced in the European Union were processed into methane, hydrogen, ethanol, the annual electricity production in 2018 could reach 9.87 TWh (terawatt-hours), 1.16 TWh, and 0.60 TWh, respectively.


2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Olga Chukhina ◽  
Elena Karbasnikova ◽  
Oksana Obriaeva

Based on results of the research done during 2017–2019 on the sod-podzolic medium loamy soil of the Vologda region, when applying the estimated doses of fertilizers N90P40K100-120 we can achieve 67–79% increased yields of winter rye grains compared to the control. When applying fertilizers with the dose N12P16K16, yield of winter rye straw increases by 25%. With full estimated doses of fertilizer N90P40K100-120, straw yields increase by 74–87% compared to control. Uptake of nutrients of 1 ton of winter rye with respective amount of straw when applying estimated doses of fertilizers compared to control, increases by 4 kg for nitrogen, 3–4 kg for potassium and does not change for phosphorus. With N12P16K16, the "raw" protein is increased by 0.4% in absolute units or 3% in relative units compared to control, and with N90P40K100-120 –by 1.8–2.0% in absolute units or by 16-17% in relative units.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document