THE EFFECT OF ROTOR ROTATION SPEED ON DECREASED LABORATORY LIQUID WASTE POLLUTING PARAMETERS

<span id="docs-internal-guid-ee22e381-7fff-07aa-8160-5bce2ec61810"><span>aboratory wastewater is produced through laboratory activities. Laboratory wastewater can have a large impact on the environment if it is not processed before being discharged into the water body. Laboratory waste treatment can be carried out using suspended growth technology to reduce pollutant loads, especially Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD</span><span><span>5</span></span><span>) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). </span><span>Aims:</span><span> This study aims to treat wastewater produced by the activity of laboratory using suspended growth technology. </span><span>Methodology and Results:</span><span> This research was conducted by finding the most efficient rotor rotation in degrading the load of BOD5 and COD pollutants. The reactor used is a Mixed Flow Reactor type reactor made of acrylic material with a thickness of 5.5 mm. The reactor is arranged into three series with the same sampling time and different rotor turns that expressed in rotors per minute (rpm). The reactor series consists of Reactor I with 50 rpm rotor rotation speed, 100 rpm Reactor II and 150 rpm Reactor III. Processing is carried out using 8 hours of detention time and variation of sampling time every 8 hours. </span><span>Conclusion, significant and impact study:</span><span> From the results of the study obtained the highest level of effectiveness of reducing pollutant load on processing using 150 rpm rotor rotation and 40 hours sampling time which is 94.6% for BOD</span><span><span>5 </span></span><span>parameters and 94.4% for COD parameters.</span></span>

Environmental pollution and health risk assessment of chemical laboratories in colleges and universities

BACKGROUND: University laboratory is an important place to carry out scientific research and related teaching activities, but the environmental pollution caused by waste discharge cannot be ignored. OBJECTIVE: The research aims to explore the environmental pollution caused by the waste of chemical laboratory, and the direct or indirect harm to human health. METHODS: The main pollutants discharged by the laboratories are counted through the analysis of the waste treatment status of university chemical laboratory. Then, the harm of the discharged pollutants to the environment is analyzed by experiments to find out the main pollution problem of the chemical laboratory - wastewater pollution. The groundwater pollution caused by laboratory wastewater discharge is analyzed, and the human health risk caused by it is evaluated. RESULTS: The results show that the discharge of chemical laboratory waste in colleges and universities will cause harm to human health. The results of health risk assessment show that benzene, trichloromethane, and dichloromethane are the main pollutants, and the use of chemical reagents is one of the important reasons for the surge of laboratory waste in colleges and universities; in the carcinogenesis of multi pollutants, compared with skin absorption, the risk of cancer caused by drinking water absorption was higher, and the corresponding risk value is 5.56e-07. CONCLUSIONS: The discharge of university chemical laboratory waste will cause harm to human health. This exploration provides reference for the study of environmental pollution and health risk assessment caused by waste discharge of university chemical laboratory.

A study on awareness and practices of bio-medical waste management in tertiary care hospital

Introduction: Bio-Medical Waste (BMW) consists of solids, liquids, sharps and laboratory waste that are potentially infectious and dangerous. In India, lack of knowledge and practice in relation to availability of resources and processes in place has been reported in many studies. Hence, the present study has been carried out with an objective of assessing awareness and practices of healthcare providers regarding BMW. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in tertiary care hospital with 300 beds in Karnataka over a period of one month using preformed, pre-structured proforma. Results: Almost all health personnel were aware about BMW guidelines; adequate segregation of BMW was noticed in only 4 sites (11.8%). Conclusion: The awareness about BMW management among healthcare providers in our study was found to be adequate but with low segregation practices. The staffs are well aware to manage the spills and will use if all the sites are provided with spill kits. Key words: Biomedical waste, color coding, India, tertiary hospital, waste segregation

Microbial load of healthcare wastes in Aba Metropolis, Abia State

Introduction: Healthcare waste is the total waste both solid and liquid from healthcare establishment and laboratories. A hospital produces waste by giving their services to the patients. Purpose: This study examined the microbial load of waste from selected healthcare facilities in Aba metropolis, Abia State. Methodology: Tenfold serial dilution was used for processing of all the samples. After the dilutions, exactly 0.5ml of each the sample was planted on the media using the spread plate method and evaluated using the standard microbiological techniques. Results: The viable count (TVC) ranged from 1.0×103cfu/g to 0.3×108cfu/g, coliform count (TCC) ranged from 0.4×102 cfu/g to 4.2×104 cfu/g, staphylococcal count (TSC) ranged from 1.0×101 cfu/g to 1.4×102 and fungal counts ranged from 2.0×102 cfu/g to 0.8×103cfu/g in the microbial count of various waste samples within the Aba metropolis, Abia State. The laboratory waste had the highest microbial counts, followed by the Out-patient department waste and the least was the pharmaceutical waste. The microorganisms isolated from the hospital wastes were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, A. Fumigatus, Candida albicans and among others. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This research has revealed that healthcare waste contained pathogens with high microbial load densities, suggesting that the hospital wastes may pose a major health and environmental threat, if not properly managed. The study recommends that, the government should ensure that there is a policy on hospital waste management in line with recommended international best practices, which should be monitored and enforced.

Assessment of laboratory waste management and laboratory staff awareness in Khartoum state

Background A good environmental health conditions is a challenge worldwide. However, Majority of Laboratory wastes extremely dangerous to the environment, animals, and human because of increasing numbers of laboratories and health facilities especially on big cities in Africa like Khartoum state Capital of Sudan. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on a group included 36 laboratories in Khartoum state from February to march 2021. Approvals have taken from each laboratory and participants voluntary informed consent and the data were collected using administered questionnaire and the data were analyzed by SPSS . Result Majority of the laboratories have sharp and needles waste , biological waste of human samples mainly (urine, stool, blood) and regular waste. Followed by chemical waste, culture media respectively, and radioactive waste which is the least frequent waste in Khartoum medical laboratories. More than two thirds of laboratory personal did not get training in waste management. greater portion of laboratories have specialized company approved by authorities to collect the medical waste and treat it. similar percentage of laboratories have dustman for this job and in few laboratories the collection and treatment of the waste done by laboratory staff. Majority of laboratories staff are separating the medical sharps from other types of wastes in safety boxes and get rid of it by specialized company in medical waste. Few laboratories throw the safety box in landfill and reuse the safety box again and others burring or burning it. Majority of laboratory staff they don’t know how to manage chemical waste. Conclusion Laboratories wastes are harmful to the environment, human, and animals. laboratories staff have inadequate training in waste management and disposable .there is no unique protocol for waste management and disposal followed by laboratories in Khartoum state so jeopardize laboratorian and community .

Assessment of laboratory waste management and laboratory staff awareness in Khartoum state

Background A good environmental health conditions is a challenge worldwide. However, Majority of Laboratory wastes extremely dangerous to the environment, animals, and human because of increasing numbers of laboratories and health facilities especially on big cities in Africa like Khartoum state Capital of Sudan.Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on a group included 34 laboratories in Khartoum state from February to march 2021. Approvals have taken from each laboratory and participants voluntary informed consent and the data were collected using administered questionnaire and the data were analyzed by SPSS .Result Majority of the laboratories have sharp and needles waste , biological waste of human samples mainly (urine, stool, blood) and regular waste. Followed by chemical waste, culture media respectively, and radioactive waste which is the least frequent waste in Khartoum medical laboratories.More than two thirds of laboratory personal did not get training in waste management. greater portion of laboratories have specialized company approved by authorities to collect the medical waste and treat it. similar percentage of laboratories have dustman for this job and in few laboratories the collection and treatment of the waste done by laboratory staff.Majority of laboratories staff are separating the medical sharps from other types of wastes in safety boxes and get rid of it by specialized company in medical waste. Few laboratories throw the safety box in landfill and reuse the safety box again and others burring or burning it. Majority of laboratory staff they don’t know how to manage chemical waste. Conclusion Laboratories wastes are harmful to the environment, human, and animals. laboratories staff have inadequate training in waste management and disposable .there is no unique protocol for waste management and disposal followed by laboratories in Khartoum state so jeopardize laboratorian and community .