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Author(s):  
J Vini Mary Antony ◽  
Pratibha Ramani

The routine procedure to prepare a Pap smear is done by fixing the slides with 95% ethanol immediately after the sample is taken. This study was performed to determine the alternative method of air-drying and rehydration prior to alcohol fixation instead of conventional method. Paired buccal smears were collected from 50 patients who participated in the study. One set was labeled as (Wet fixed in 95% ethanol) WF and the other one Air-dried fixed (ARF) rehydrated and fixed with coconut oil. The staining quality of the slides was assessed with respect to nuclear details and cytoplasmic details, cytoplasmic staining and background staining. Single blinded study was done. The results were analyzed by Chi square test to compare the defined parameters between the two groups. Air-dried fixed (ARF) slides with coconut oil was significantly better with regard to clearance of background. There was statistically significant difference between the air dried smear rehydrated with coconut oil and normal wet fixed smear. So air dried smear rehydrated with coconut oil can be used as an alternative to wet fixed smear.


2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Philip Lhermette

Cholecystectomy is a procedure used to rectify severe gallbladder disease that is not amenable to medical management. It is most commonly performed in dogs with gallbladder mucocoele, a condition affecting mainly small breeds such as the Border Terrier, Cocker Spaniel and Shetland Sheepdog. Traditionally, this has been done by open laparotomy but, in the human field, where cholecystectomy is a common and routine procedure, laparoscopic cholecystectomy has almost completely superseded open laparotomy, as it has been shown to be safer and have lower rates of morbidity. This article describes a technique for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the dog as a suitable alternative to open laparotomy.


Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Hosseininejad ◽  
Farzad Bozorgi ◽  
Asieh Khodami ◽  
Hamed Aminiahidashti ◽  
Mohammad Hajizade Juybari

Background: Placement of nasogastric tube (NGT) is a routine procedure in the emergency departments, which can be uncomfortable, painful, and cause nausea. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intravenous metoclopramide on the ease of NGT insertion, as well as reduction of patients’ pain, nausea, and discomfort during NGT insertion in the emergency department. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 80 patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran Province, Iran were enrolled. Data were collected from December 2015 to March 2016. Participants were selected via convenience sampling and randomly divided into two equal groups (placebo and intervention groups). In metoclopramide and placebo groups, 10 mg of metoclopramide and 10 mg of normal saline solution were administered, respectively. All of the NGT was inserted 15–20 mins after the intravenous infusion. Patient-reported pain, discomfort, and nausea were evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS), at four time points including before (T0), immediately (T1), 30 min after (T2), and 1 hr after the NGT placement (T3). The ease of NGT insertion was evaluated as easy, moderate, and difficult to pass. Results: None of the patients had pain, nausea, and discomfort in T0. Additionally, for those who received intravenous metoclopramide, pain intensity significantly decreased compared with the placebo group in T1 (37.7 vs 55.0), T2 (26.2 vs 41.7), and T3 (20.5 vs 33.7), respectively (P < 0.001). Nausea intensity decreased significantly over time among patients in the intervention group compared with the placebo group in T1 (32.7 vs 43.2), T2 (19.5 vs 31.2), and T3 (9.0 vs 21.7), respectively (P < 0.001). The intensity of patients’ discomfort decreased significantly among patients in the intervention group compared with the placebo group in T1 (39.5 vs 54.0), T2 (28.7 vs 40.2), and T3 (26.2 vs 39.6), respectively (P < 0.001). Patients in the intervention group had easier placement of NGT compared with the placebo group (Easy: 40.0% vs 0.0%, Moderate: 45.0% vs 62.5%, and Difficult: 15.0% vs 37.5%; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it seems that intravenous metoclopramide can be used as a promising modality for improving the ease of NGT placement and reducing patients’ pain, nausea, and discomfort during NGT insertion in the emergency department.


2021 ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
Elamperiyar Elamperiyar ◽  
Seeja Seeja ◽  
Saranya Bai ◽  
Mahendranath Mahendranath ◽  
Sahaya raj ◽  
...  

Background: Analysis of synovial uid has been recommended as a routine procedure to assist in the diagnosis of arthritis. Arthritis can be either a monoarticular or polyarticular lesion leading to morbidity, affecting all ages . Aim of the study: To study synovial uid analysis in the diagnosis of joint diseases in a teaching hospital. Materials and methods: Prospective study was done on synovial uid samples over a period of two years at the Department of Pathology. ACS medical college ,Chennai for duration of 6 months ie, from February 2021 to August 2021. Results: Majority of the cases were osteoarthritis constituting 33.3 % .Rheumatoid arthritis constituted 20%..Chronic nonspecic synovitis were noted in 30% cases .01 case of Traumatic arthritis and 02 cases of Tubercular arthritis were noted. Conclusion: Synovial uid analysis will give us an idea about the differential diagnosis of joint diseases. Synovial uid aspiration should be done for the analysis and also used as a treatment procedure of synovial inammation.


Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1969
Author(s):  
Alexander Smirnov ◽  
Nariman Battulin

Generation of transgenic organisms by pronuclear microinjection has become a routine procedure. However, while the process of DNA integration in the genome is well understood, we still do not know much about the recombination between transgene molecules that happens in the first moments after DNA injection. Most of the time, injected molecules are joined together in head-to-tail tandem repeats—the so-called concatemers. In this review, we focused on the possible concatenation mechanisms and how they could be studied with genetic reporters tracking individual copies in concatemers. We also discuss various features of concatemers, including palindromic junctions and repeat-induced gene silencing (RIGS). Finally, we speculate how cooperation of DNA repair pathways creates a multicopy concatenated insert.


2021 ◽  
pp. 87-150
Author(s):  
Yves Bertheau ◽  

In 2018 the Court of Justice of the European Union recalled that organisms with genomes modified by artifactual techniques should be considered GMOs under European regulations. GMOs derived from cultures of cells isolated in vitro or from new genomic techniques must therefore be traceable. This chapter reviews the various technical steps and characteristics of those techniques causing genomic and epigenomic scars and signatures. These intentional and unintentional traces, some of which are already used for varietal identification, and are being standardized, can be used to identify these GMOs and differentiate them from natural mutants. The chapter suggests a routine procedure for operators and control laboratories to achieve this without additional costs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5651
Author(s):  
Mohammad Golriz ◽  
Mohammadsadegh Sabagh ◽  
Golnaz Emami ◽  
Sara Mohammadi ◽  
Ali Ramouz ◽  
...  

Lymphocele is a common complication following kidney transplantation (KTx). We aimed to evaluate the preventive effect of peritoneal fenestration during KTx in reducing lymphocele. From January 2001, the data of all KTx were prospectively gathered in our digital data bank. From 2008, preventive peritoneal fenestration was performed as a routine procedure for all patients with KTx. Between 2001 and 2008, 579 KTx were performed without preventive peritoneal fenestration. To compare the results between with and without peritoneal fenestration, the same number of patients after 2008 (579 patients) was included in this study. The pre-, intra-, and postoperative data of the patients in these two groups were analyzed and compared, especially regarding the postoperative different types of lymphocele formation. The mean recipient age was 52.6 ± 13.8, and 33.7% of the patients were female. Type C lymphocele was significantly lower in the group with preventive fenestration (5.3% vs. 8.8%, p = 0.014 for 31/579 vs. 51/579). Peritoneal dialysis and implantation of the kidney in the left fossa were independently associated with a higher rate of type C lymphocele (OR 2.842, 95% CI 1.354–5.967, p = 0.006 and OR 3.614, 95% CI 1.215–10.747, p = 0.021, respectively). The results of this study showed that intraoperative preventive peritoneal fenestration could significantly reduce type C lymphocele.


Author(s):  
Shereen Mari ◽  
Shazia Memon ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem Chohan ◽  
Muhammad Touseef ◽  
Saroop Chand ◽  
...  

Aim: To compare the outcome of intermittent phototherapy versus continuous phototherapy in treatment of neonatal jaundice. Study Design: Randomized clinical trial (RCT). Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Department of pediatrics, neonatal ward, Liaquat university hospital Hyderabad/Jamshoro, from 8 January to 7 July 2020 Methodology: There were 222 neonate with jaundice, which were randomly allocated into two groups. One hundred and one neonates were in group “A” who received continuous phototherapy while 111 neonates were treated with intermittent phototherapy called group B. Phototherapy units were identical regarding their manufacture and radiance with 5 blue light tubes at a distance of 15-20 cm above neonate that produced the irradiance of 20µW/cm2/nm at 420-470 nm. Serum bilirubin levels were measured every 12 hourly after starting phototherapy up to 48 hours. SPSS version 22 was used for data analysis. Results: The average age of the neonates was 2.23±1.45 days. In this study, the reduction of bilirubin level in both groups after 12, 24, 36, 48 hours of phototherapy and at the time of discharge was not different between groups. Conclusion: Intermittent and continuous phototherapies were found to be equally effective. Because of its additional benefits, intermittent phototherapy can be adopted as a routine procedure instead of continuous phototherapy in neonatal care units, however, it needs to be confirmed by large scale RCTs.


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