Pola Pergerakan Orang di Masa Pandemi dengan Pendekatan Eksploratif di Wilayah Kepulauan Bangka Belitung

COVID-19 has spread around the world and has given a huge impact on people's lives. One of the changes in the COVID-19 condition is the travel pattern of people. Travel patterns can be explained in terms of the flow of vehicles, passengers, and people's mobility from the origin and destination zones within a certain area and period. On the other hand, it is known that travel patterns are an essential factor in solving transportation problems. The change of travel pattern data is needed for transportation planners and policymakers in providing safe transportation during the pandemic. In addition, data on travel patterns also play an important role in determining travel restrictions in an area to reduce the spread of COVID-19. This study tries to analyze travel patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic through an exploratory approach by taking a case study in the Bangka Belitung Province. The results of this study show that the mobility was dominated by intra-island trips during the pandemic, both within Bangka Island and Belitung Island. Furthermore, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of people made changes to their routine's mobility. More than 50% of people did not return to their original travel patterns even though the pandemic conditions had entered the New Normal period. The most influential factor which makes people change their mobility is to take precautions from COVID-19.

The Depth-Depended Fungal Diversity and Non-depth-Depended Aroma Profiles of Pit Mud for Strong-Flavor Baijiu

Microorganisms in pit mud are the essential factor determining the style of strong flavor Baijiu. The spatial distribution characteristics of fungal communities and aroma in the pit mud for strong flavor Baijiu from Xinjiang, China, were investigated using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing and electronic nose technology. A total of 138 fungal genera affiliated with 10 fungal phyla were identified from 27 pit mud samples; of these, Saccharomycopsis, Aspergillus, and Apiotrichum were the core fungal communities, and Aspergillus and Apiotrichum were the hubs that maintain the structural stability of fungal communities in pit mud. The fungal richness and diversity, as well as aroma of pit mud, showed no significant spatial heterogeneity, but divergences in pit mud at different depths were mainly in pH, total acid, and high abundance fungi. Moisture, NH4+, and lactate were the main physicochemical factors involved in the maintenance of fungal stability and quality in pit mud, whereas pH had only a weak effect on fungi in pit mud. In addition, the fungal communities of pit mud were not significantly associated with the aroma. The results of this study provide a foundation for exploring the functional microorganisms and dissecting the brewing mechanism of strong flavor Baijiu in Xinjiang, and also contributes to the improvement of pit mud quality by bioaugmentation and controlling environmental physicochemical factors.

Load-dependent Variable Gearing Mechanism of Muscle-like Soft Actuator

Pennate muscle is characterized by muscle fibers that are oriented at a certain angle (pennation angle) relative to the muscle’s line of action and rotation during contraction. This fiber rotation amplifies the shortening velocity of muscle, to match loading conditions without any control system. This unique variable gearing mechanism, which characterized by Architecture Gear Ratio (AGR), is involves complex interaction among three key elements: muscle fibers, connective tissue, and the pennation angle. However, how three elements determine the AGR of muscle-like actuator is still unknown. This study introduces a Himisk actuator that arranges five contractile units at a certain pennation angle in a flexible matrix, the experiment and simulation results demonstrated that the proposed actuator could vary AGR automatically in response to variable loading conditions. Based on this actuator, we present a series of actuators by simulations with the varying pennation angle (P), elastic modulus of the flexible matrix (E), and number of contractile units (N) to analyze their effects on AGR, and their interaction by three-factor analysis of variance. The results demonstrated that P and N effect on the AGR significantly, while E effects on AGR slightly, which supported the idea that the P is the essential factor for the AGR, and N is also an important factor due to the capability of force generation. This provides a better understanding of mechanical behavior and an effective optimizing strategy to muscle-like soft actuator.

CHARACTERISTIC OF FREE-RADICAL DAMAGE AND ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION STATE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AGAINST A BACKGROUND OF MALABSORPTION SYNDROME

Oxidation processes play an important role in damage of the renal structures, especiallyagainst a background of other serious pathologies, in particular, malabsorptionsyndrome.The study of the mechanisms of mutual aggravation and progression of kidneydamage against a background of malabsorption is a very urgent problem of the presenttime.Purpose - to investigate the state of free radical oxidation of lipids, proteins andantioxidant defense in patients with chronic kidney disease of different ages withoxaluria against a background of malabsorption syndrome.Material and methods. 98 patients with chronic kidney disease of the I-II stages(pyelonephritis) with the presence of oxaluria against a background of malabsorptionsyndrome of different age were examined.The age of the patients under examination was32 - 64. All patients underwent a study of the system of free radical oxidation of lipidsand proteins.Results. chronic kidney disease with the presence of oxaluria is accompanied by asignificant increase in the blood content of free radical oxidation products, namelyaldehyde and ketone dinitrophenylhydrazones, especially of a neutral nature,malondialdehyde, as well as a significant decrease in the indicators of the antioxidantdefense system, which manifested itself to a greater extent in patients with older age.groups.Conclusion. An essential factor in the development and progression of chronic kidneydisease with the presence of oxaluria against a background of malabsorption syndromeis an increase in the intensity of free radical oxidation of lipids and proteins (mainly dueto aldehyde and ketondinitrophenylhydrazones of a neutral nature).

Impact of MSME Assistance Program by East Java Province to Resolve the Economic Impacts of Covid-19

This paper aims to provide a perspective on assistance to MSMEs in East Java in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic. So far, MSMEs have been proven to be one of the economic drivers that accommodate the majority of workers in Indonesia. The existence of the Covid-19 Pandemic has depressed MSMEs throughout Indonesia and often have to go out of business. It seems that the government assistance that has been provided in the context of Covid-19 is still focused on individual or family assistance. Therefore, the authors consider MSMEs to be an essential factor in efforts to overcome the impact of Covid-19, especially in East Java. This paper uses the review literature as a method of data collection and research. The research results are expected to be an input for the Government, especially East Java Province, to consider the existence of capital assistance for MSME’s.

Correlation between Weather Variables and Electricity Demand

In the industrial era 4.0 as it is today, along with the increasing need for electrical energy, energy efficiency is an essential factor in achieving energy production cost efficiency. Efficiency will be achieved if electricity production can be adjusted to the customer’s electrical load. However, adjusting the electricity production poses a challenge, namely the difficulty of predicting the daily electricity load of customers. There are many factors that affect the electric load. One of the main factors is the weather. Therefore, this study focuses on the correlation of weather parameters on load demand. The weather parameters consist of temperature, rainfall, solar radiation, and wind speed. Case studies were conducted in Bali Island and Central Java Province. This paper looked for correlations between weather parameters with the load demand, especially in the island of Bali and Central Java Province.

Transformations and Transmission – A Contextual Look at Religious Biographies of Older Adults

Examination of religious biographies tend to show increase of religiosity towards old age, most often in the context of a previously familiar religious community. These changes in individuals do not happen in a vacuum. Religious landscapes are also in transformation, characterized by a steady decline of institutional religiosity and religious practice in most European countries and more recently in the US and Canada, too. However, there is a dire lack of detailed knowledge on how these changes in individuals and societies are intertwined. This paper presents findings of the Finnish sub-project of the five-country research project “Transmission of religion across generations.” The paper utilizes both three-generation interviews, and the contextual information gathered in the families about the past and present generations. The narratives about religious biographies of the oldest (gen.1) interviewees are discussed, and set in the context of the changes in the surrounding social sphere and the interviewees’ role in the family. Key findings include a general trend of increased flexibility, openness and communication over time – both in the religious views of the individuals, the roles different generations take in the family, and the cultural atmosphere in the society. Also, the results suggest that this flexibility is an essential factor in successful transmission of religion or other convictions across generations. The findings illustrate the complexity and contextuality of building and researching narratives of religious biographies. Thus, the results contribute to future examinations on how changes in societies and families affect the religious styles and convictions of older adults.

Continuity of Caregivers’ Ensuring Medical Care and Care-Transition Preparedness: A Mediation Model

Studies show that informal support provided during hospitalization is essential for communicating with the healthcare team and explaining medical care. Less is known about factors explaining family caregivers' Ensuring and Explaining Medical Care (EEMC) during hospitalization and its impact on care-transition-preparedness of patients in terms of their understanding of the explanations and instructions for continued care. This study examined whether EEMC during the current hospitalization mediates the association between involvement of the caregiver in ensuring and explaining medical care prior the current hospitalization and patients’ care-transition-preparedness for discharge. A prospective cohort study includes 456 internal-medicine-patients at a tertiary medical center in Israel, who were accompanied by an informal caregiver. Involvement in EEMC prior and during the hospitalization, covariates such as health literacy (HL) levels, demographic, health, and functional status were reported by the patients during the hospitalization; and care-transition-preparedness was reported by the patients in a week after discharge. After controlling for covariates, only high HL levels of patients and their caregivers were positively associated with EEMC during hospitalization and care-transition-preparedness (P<0.05). Moreover, mediation analysis indicated significant direct (B(unstandardized)=1.69; p=0.003) and indirect effect (Mediated effect (ME)=1.28; CI= 0.81 to 1.87) of prior involvement in EEMC on care-transition-preparedness through high EEMC during the current hospitalization, controlling for baseline characteristics of patients and their caregivers (total effect: B=2.95; p<0.001). These findings suggest that caregivers' experience and involvement prior the hospitalization may be an essential factor in improving EEMC during the current hospitalization, and in turn improve transition outcomes.