Distributional effects of technological regime changes: hysteresis, concentration and inequality dynamics

In this paper, we study the effect of different types of technological regime changes on the evolution of industry concentration and wage inequality. Using a calibrated agent-based macroeconomic framework, the Eurace@Unibi model, we consider scenarios where the new regime is characterized by a finite time period of more frequent respectively more substantial changes in the frontier technology compared to the old regime. We show that under both scenarios, the regime change leads to an increase in the heterogeneity of productivity in the firm population and to increased market concentration, where effects are much less pronounced if the new regime differs from the old one with respect to the frequency of innovations. If the new regime is characterized by an increase of the size of the frontier jumps along the technological trajectory, the evolution of the wage inequality has an inverted U-shape with a large fraction of workers profiting in the very long run from high wages offered by dominant high-tech firms. Finally, it is shown that (observable) heterogeneity of worker skills plays an important role in generating these dynamic effects of technological regime changes.

MODERNIZATION OF THE CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE REACTOR-REGENERATOR UNIT OF THE GK-3 UNIT

The possibility of optimizing the technological regime of the reactor-regenerator unit of the GC-3 installation by developing an automatic system for loading fresh catalyst and afterburning promoter is considered

COW HOUSING UNDER SANITARY AND HYGIENIC CONDITIONS OF MILK PRODUCTION

It is established that in the stall period (November - March) the microclimate of the cowshed is 4.0 points, which complies with the engineering design conditions, to improve the parameters it is necessary to optimize the conditions regarding the concentration of harmful gases in the air and microbial contamination. Well-timed faeces disposal and air ventilation control will optimize these parameters. It is proven that the thermal balance of the building depends on the created conditions of comfortable keeping of cows and their number in the building, as well as heat loss through the enclosing structures: gates, windows, ceiling, floor and walls, the thermal balance in the cowshed is made for the outside temperature of (-4,3 ° С). Since sanitary and hygienic conditions of cow housing do not meet the optimal design and technological regime, and the amount of microorganisms in the air of the room is above norm and negatively affects the health of cattle, it is necessary to implement integrated elements of technology in the process of commercial milk production and rationalize the schedule while maintaining standards of technological design.

Issues of Developing Innovative Activities of Enterprises

The existence of innovative activities in this article leads to technological changes, which are carried out using other technological regime technologies. In this context, it is stated that the innovative activity of enterprises, which serve as a basis for sustainable economic development, is an important component and condition of sustainable economic development. At the same time, the analysis of the essence of innovative activity of enterprises, the issues of ensuring sustainable economic development through the development of a mechanism of innovative activity, taking into account the innovative area of the enterprise.

The Analysis of the Structure of the Coke oven Chamber of a Delayed Coking Unit

In this article a literature review of existing delayed coking plants is carried out, and the design features of domestic and foreign coke chambers are revealed. With the help of the final engineering analysis program Ansys, models of reaction apparatuses of these installations are constructed for various material designs. It is revealed that it is impossible to increase the efficiency of operation of the current devices without a significant change in the technological regime, and technological solutions are proposed for the design of new reactors of delayed coking plants. Models of reactors of the modern delayed coking plant and the Soviet type 21–10/700 with minimization of the number of horizontal welds are constructed, and economic calculations are made for the operation of coke chambers with various designs.

THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF THE FORMATION OF AN ENTERPRISE WITH A STRICT TECHNOLOGICAL REGIME

The study allows us to present the historical conditions for the emergence and development of enterprises of a rigid technological structure in the context of the socio-political processes of the post-war era in Ukraine, as well as to identify the potential opportunities for their modernization in modern conditions. A special place in the historical and architectural study of the formation of enterprises with a strict technological regime and a pronounced large-scale engineering infrastructure is occupied by metallurgical, petrochemical, coke-chemical, as well as heat and hydropower enterprises, and the like. It should be determined that today they for the most part do not meet the environmental requirements, run counter to the idea of consistency in the urban planning environment and generally need comprehensive modernization. The architecture of industrial enterprises was formed on the basis of typology, unification and modular coordination, as well as the open placement of a powerful engineering infrastructure, which ultimately formed a new aesthetics of industrial culture. Cooling towers, gas holders, chimneys, overhead pipelines, distribution blocks and power lines became the embodiment of the iconic system of aesthetics of the industrial period, an integral part of the image of an industrial enterprise and the industrial landscape of the then cities. In the aesthetics of the modern, we see that the romanticization of production in the 20th century (before the war and post-war times), which was reflected in the artistic images of painting, cinema and, thanks to the poeticization and heroization of the images of the working profession, a talented artistic interpretation of the production environment, and contributed to the formation of a positive attitude towards the new industrial aesthetics.

RESEARCH OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF PRODUCTS OF KAZAKHSTAN COMPANY ARALTUZ JSC

The problem of ensuring food safety is the most important state and scientific priority aimed at maintaining and improving the health of the population, the production of high-quality and safe products. As a result of the studies, it was found that at the Kazakhstani enterprise Araltuz JSC all stages of table salt production, starting from the composition of the equipment of the processing line; characteristics of the feedstock; norms of the technological regime and ending with control over the processes of production and storage, meet all the requirements of MS ISO 9001, MS ISO 22000, and the products of Araltuz JSC are assessed as environmentally friendly with the receipt of the marking “ECO”. At present, Araltuz JSC is the undisputed leader in providing the population of Kazakhstan with environmentally friendly and safe products, and the growing export rate of manufactured products confirms the high competitiveness of the domestic product.

Selection of technological regime and cryoprotector for lyophilization of lactobacteria (Lactobacillus spp.)

Despite the success achieved in the comprehensive study of probiotic cultures, today there are a number of problems associated with the low viability of lactic acid bacteria during their processing and long-term storage in probiotics. Our work aimed to select the optimal technological regime and cryoprotectant to preserve the viability of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus spp. during their lyophilization. According to the results of the conducted researches, it is established that for freeze-drying of probiotic cultures Lactobacillus spp. in the facility LZ-45.27 (Frigera, Czech Republic) the most optimal is the mode which provides a rise of temperature within 45 hours from minus 70.0±1.0 °C to plus 26.0±1.0 °C with a speed of 2.2±0.1 °C/hour. It is effective to use protective media for lactobacilli, which consist of: skim milk (90%) and sucrose (10%); skim milk (90%) and lactose (10%); skim milk (90%), glucose (2.5%), sucrose (2.5%), lactose (5.0%) (P≤0.05). Freeze-drying of lactic acid bacteria under optimal conditions and the addition of cryoprotectants will avoid the problems associated with a significant reduction in the number of microbial cells. The results of research can be used for long-term storage of cultures of lactobacilli by their lyophilization.