russian history
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2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Irena A. Yedoshina

The article is in the problematic field of the historiosophy of Russian culture. In understanding the essence of historiosophy, the author of the article focuses on the deontology by Nikolai Kareev and the “passionarity” theory of Lev Gumilyov. In addition, the works of contemporary researchers of Russian historiosophy are involved. The texts of Vasily Rozanov, associated with his understanding of the personality of Peter the Great, the first Emperor’s place and role in Russian history. In choosing Vasily Rozanov’s texts, the author of the article uses a chronological method, a way to present V. Rozanov’s historiosophical views in development. In addition, the historical and cultural method is used to explain the essence of the meanings of historical phenomena, sometimes their inconsistency. The article notes that for the first time Vasily Rozanov turns to the personality of Peter the Great in his philosophical treatise “On Understanding”, where he points to the originality of Peter I and inscribes him in world history. It turns out that in the articles of the 1890s, Vasily Rozanov discovers in Peter I a person who brings suffering to the country and at the same time sincerely loves it. In a special article about Peter I and later in “Fallen Leaves”, Vasily Rozanov reveals the most significant ideals realised by the Emperor. In his final work, Vasily Rozanov emphasises the need for Peter I and, at the same time, the tragic consequences of his reforms for the country. As a result, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that Peter the Great is the alpha and the omega of Vasily Rozanov’s historiosophical views.


Author(s):  
М.П. Кляус

В статье представлены результаты исследования ценностных ориентаций студенческой молодежи Забайкальского края по материалам анкетного опроса студентов разных факультетов Забайкальского государственного университета, проведенного в конце 2020 г. Анкета содержала вопросы, направленные на выявление индивидуальных ценностей и жизненных ориентаций студенческой молодежи. Среди значимых маркеров гражданской активности и досуговых предпочтений рассматривались как современные события и направления жизнедеятельности российского общества, так и эпизоды российской истории, объекты культурного наследия и природные богатства. По результатам опроса было выявлено, что в структуре идентичностей молодежи преобладает гражданская идентичность. В системе жизненных ценностей важную роль играет отношение к историческому опыту, традициям и культуре своего народа. Доминирующим при общении остается русский язык. Опрос показал миграционные настроения студентов, а также желание абсолютного большинства респондентов участвовать в волонтерской деятельности. The article presents the results of a survey conducted among students of the Trans-Baikal State University at the end of 2020. The survey included questions aimed at identifying the student youth’s individual values and life orientations. Current events and trends in the life of Russian society and episodes of Russian history, objects of cultural heritage, and natural resources were considered markers of civic activity and leisure preferences. The results of the survey revealed that civic identity prevails in the structure of identities. In the system of life values of young people, an important role is played by the attitude to the historical experience, traditions, and culture of their people. The Russian language dominates in communication. The survey showed that the students are oriented towards internal and external migration, and most of them are interested in volunteering.


2021 ◽  
pp. 170-177
Author(s):  
I. A. Yurasov ◽  
M. A. Tanina ◽  
V. A. Yudina

In the course of sociological analysis, linguistic models of students’ historical memory, events and historical figures were identified, that represent, in the opinion of young people, the “political evil” and the “political good” in Russian history. The students identified serfdom, “Stalinist repressions”, the famine of the 1920s and 1940s and the wars in Afghanistan and Chechnya as “political evil”. The “political good” – the victories in the Patriotic War of 1812, the Great Patriotic War, the flight to space, the 1980 and 2014 Olympics. The author’s sociological studies of the largest Russian megalopolises have revealed the complexity and inconsistency of the historical memory of student youth. The study established the adherence of student youth to liberal ideology, a shallow awareness of the life of their family, their kin in earlier periods of Russian history, from pre-revolutionary times to the lives of their relatives in the 20-40s of the XX century, the association of “political good” with the achievements of our country and the association of “political evil” with defeats and reforms. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
Mariya Yarlykova ◽  
Yu Xunda

This article examines uniform standardized history education in Russia. It focuses primarily on the process of designing unified national history textbooks in 2013-2017, and also examines the educational reform that followed this process, along with the role of Russian society in the formulation of the textbook’s content. The new historical-cultural criteria—and the Unified textbooks based on them—are considered as a product of social contract as it was revised and approved by the different levels of Russian society: academics, parents, teachers, and government. In essence, the new textbooks are the first joint project made by the government, academics and society in the history of the Russian state. The new history textbooks are regarded as an attempt by the state and society to link Russian history with world history; previously, each discipline was studied separately. It is also an attempt to acknowledge and accept all of Russian history as one historical process of the evolution of Russian statehood, including all successes and achievements as well as black spots and wrongdoings. Although the unified textbooks are the most prudent revision of history in contemporary Russia, however there are several improvements required to redirect textbooks from being simply a tool for the construction of patriotism in schools to also being a mechanism of development of the younger generation’s critical thinking.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-255
Author(s):  
Konrad Słowiński

The article focuses on the issue of the influence of the historical conditions on the Polish-Russian relations at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. The history of these two countries is linked by a long-lasting and difficult past, and thus numerous unresolved disputes, burdens, and myths arose that have been felt to this day. In 1989, after the fall of the Communist system in our country, new political elites managing the process of democratic changes in the Third Polish Republic made efforts that aimed at settling disputed threads from the common Polish-Russian history. On the way to making up for the past, the period between 1989 and 2007 was marked by a number of important events that could be seen as the symbol of the common reconciliation. Unfortunately, there were also moments of regression and deep crisis that negatively affected the cooperation of both countries in the matter of dealing with difficult cards of the common history. This was influenced by a different approach to the past that is understood differently in Poland and in Russia and that contributed to the emergence of numerous misunderstandings, as well as to the mutual accusations in this field.


2021 ◽  
pp. 278-283
Author(s):  
V. K. Zubareva

V. Essipov’s monograph is alandmark product of Pushkin studies. It follows the relationship between Pushkin and Benckendorff over a ten-year period (1826– 1836). Benckendorff’s character is shown in an entirely new light. Unlike the one-sided depiction promoted by Soviet literary criticism, the author creates a controversial portrait, greatly aided by substantial details found in documents. Essipov treats this historical figure not only as a functionary, but also a human being. He demonstrates that Benckendorff was not nearly as narrow-minded and primitive as his traditional image in literature. The reviewer finds that the book will be of interest not only to Pushkin scholars, but also historians and anyone who would like to learn about the unconventional approach to Pushkin’s relationship with Benckendorff. The monograph can also be useful for playwrights and directors who are fascinated with that particular period in Russian history and literature.


2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
Michał Kuryłowicz

This article contains a comparative analysis of the narratives concerning the Great Patriotic War that can be found in textbooks in the post-Soviet republics of Central Asia. The aim of the study is to show the similarities and differences between these narratives and to reveal to what degree the picture of the conflict that was shaped during the Soviet period has been revised. At the same time, the aim is to juxtapose the contents of Central Asian textbooks with the narrative present in the Russian history education system. The analysis aims not only to identify discrepancies, but also to identify the reasons for the existing state of affairs and relate them to the politics of memory pursued in individual countries.


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