The economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the polish economy

The date of the end of the COVID-19 pandemic is difficult to forecast. Apart from the undoubted humanitarian and social consequences, its development and spread will also contribute to changes in the economy. This paper describes the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic for the Polish economy. Depending on the way the pandemic will develop, the Organization for Cooperation and Economic Development predicts that the Gross Domestic Product in Poland will drop by -7.4%, and will rebound to 4.8% by the end of 2021. It is also assumed a broad-based recovery with GDP rebounding by 2.4% in 2021. The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the labor market in Poland. It is assumed that the Polish economy has been affected less by the effects of the pandemic than other European countries. The coronavirus pandemic contributed to significant changes in the organization of work, that is, an increase in the percentage of people doing a household work. Humankind has already learned how to overcome global crises, but their burdens have never been evenly distributed. Losses and threats bring new chances and opportunities. In line with the Pareto principle, it is stated that even if 80 percent of people suffer losses due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the remaining 20 percent of them will ultimately benefit from it. The aim of this article is to analyze the economic effects of the coronavirus pandemic in Poland and to present the most affected industries. In the opinion of the authors of the study, this issue should be described in greater detail.

Polemik Work From Home (WFH) Bagi Perempuan Bekerja di Tengah Digitalisasi Teknologi dan Pandemi

Social distancing are a form of policy that made by the government in order to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus. This method, that was made by Indonesian government has implications for the method of working in the pandemic era, namely working from home. The application of social distancing then causes an increase in household activities that increase women's responsibilities in parenting and household work. Through the concept of symbolic violence, this article tries to explain the impact of social distancing restrictions on working women. This article finds that symbolic violence occurs through habitus that shapes women's mindsets so that they feel that caregiving and household work are women's responsibilities. This article also finds various gender inequalities that are increasingly visible with the social distancing restrictions that implemented by Indonesian governement. Keywords: Gender; pandemic; symbolic violence Abstrak: Pembatasan jarak sosial menjadi salah satu kebijakan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah untuk mencegah persebaran COVID-19. Metode ini dijalankan di Indonesia yang berimplikasi pada metode bekerja era pandemi yaitu work from home atau bekerja dari rumah. Penerapan social distancing kemudian menyebabkan bertambahkan kegiatan rumah tangga yang memperbesar tanggung jawab perempuan dalam kerja pengasuhan dan kerja rumah tangga. Melalui konsep kekerasan simbolik artikel ini mencoba memaparkan dampak dari pembatasan jarak sosial pada perempuan bekerja. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa kekerasan simbolik terjadi melalui habitus yang menyusun pola pikir perempuan sehingga merasa kerja pengasuhan dan kerja rumah tangga merupakan tanggung jawab perempuan. Artikel ini juga menemukan berbagai ketimpangan gender yang semakin terlihat dengan adanya pembatasan jarak sosial yang dilakukan di Indonesia. Kata kunci: Gender; kekerasan simbolik; pandemi

Raising Helpful Children: Exploring Conflict Between Goals and Practices in Euro-Heritage Socialization of Helping

Helping others benefits both helper and helpee and is the basis for societal structures that promote collective well-being. Many parents Using a White, European-heritage “Constellation of practices” (UWEC), recognize the importance of raising a child who helps others. Yet UWEC children seem to take initiative to help with household work less, and in ways that benefit others less, than other children globally. It is important for future researchers to explore the phenomenon of many UWEC parents using practices that work against their explicit goals, and suggestions are made for future work, including better integration of cross-cultural evidence in developmental psychological study design. Better integrating evidence and exploring this conflict further would greatly advance our understanding of the socialization of helping, and may elucidate how much change is possible and advisable regarding how best to raise children to think and act in other-oriented ways that are beneficial for all.

tongkon dan perempuan dalam upacara rambu solo

Talking about women, not a few studies show that women are often considered asthe second group so that they do not get equal rights with men. Women are judgedto be only competent in carrying out household work, although this does not ruleout the possibility that women in society or in funeral ceremonies often In thefuneral ceremony (TONGKON) we often see that the main role in the problem ofconsumption is women.AbstrakBerbicara soal perempuan tidak sedikit hasil kajian menyebutkan bahwa perempuanacapkali dianggap sebagai kelompok kedua sehingga mereka tidak memperolehpersamaan hak dengan laki-laki. Perempuan dinilai hanya becus dalammelaksanakan pekerjaan rumah tangga,kendati demikian tidak menutupkemungkinan perempuan didalam social masyarakat atau dalam upacara kematiansering memunculkan perempuan sebagai pemeran dalam urusan komsumsi.dalamupacara kematian (TONGKON) sering kita lihat yang berperan utama dalampersoalan komsumsi iyalah perempuan

Rethinking the workweek: Results from a longitudinal time-use study of a 30-hour workweek experiment

In 2019, Femma vzw, a Belgian women’s organisation, as an experiment, implemented a 30-hour workweek within the organisation. For a period of 12 months, all full-time employees switched from a 36-hour workweek to a 30-hour workweek. During this experiment, a longitudinal time-use study into the impact of the working time reduction on the working life and private life of these employees was carried out. The study included five waves of data collection before, during and after the experiment over a period of two and a half years. Each wave consisted of an online 7-day time use diary, a pre-diary questionnaire and a post-diary questionnaire. This research report discusses the first general findings of the study, using the first four waves. Some key findings are: the employees had clear wishes and expectations about what they wanted to do with their extra time at the start of the 30-hour workweek. Above all, the wish for more personal time was high. Most employees took this extra time as one additional non-working day per week, namely Wednesday or Friday. The extra free hours mostly were spent on household work, care and personal care, although this was not exactly what they wished for. However, employees did experience less household stress, less leisure time pressure and a better work-life balance.

Assessment of Household Work as Compensation for Physical Activity Deficit Amongst Older Adults in a Nigerian Urban Setting

Urban older adults tend to be physically inactive and often remain indoors. Household work of a sample of 300 urban-dwelling adults (50-65 years) from a Nigerian state capital was therefore investigated for physical activity (PA) levels. Questionnaire on participation in household tasks, time and days/week for the tasks, awareness of health benefits of PA and household work as exercise was used. Greater participation occurred in household chores than outdoor/yard work (70.0 vs 44.0%) while participation varied with specific chores (55.0-70.0%) and yard work (28.7-34.0%). Gender, education, age and living with spouse or children/helper were associated with performance of household chores (P<0.05) as well as with yard work except living with spouse. Prevalence of low-intensity household PA was high with only 0.9-13.8% attaining moderate-intensity level and no vigorous-intensity. Low prevalence of awareness of PA health benefits (32.3%) and household work as exercise (14.4%) was observed, but were related to good performance of household work (OR, 1.50-1.55; CL, 0.55-3.54). The finding that 13% of the respondents attained moderate-intensity PA indicated the potential of household work to compensate for the absence of other physical activities. Thus public health campaigns based on household work as exercise in a gender sensitive African society becomes necessary.

SOCIAL BARRIERS TO FEMALE EDUCATION IN DISTRICT D.G KHAN

Education plays a significant role in community development. Women represent half of the population of a country when half population remains illiterate than it is difficult to achieve the goals of development. Poor policies low budget for education and low implantation of educational programs create illiteracy gap among masses. The present study is designed to investigate the barriers that female are facing in the field of education. The study was conducted in the Tribal Area of district Dera Ghazi Khan. The simple random simple techniques were used, and data were collected through questionnaire. The aim of this study is to identify the factors that are the hurdle for female education. The scattered population and school distance create a serious issue for education. The study revealed that higher the distance from the school the lower will be enrollment. Low income of parents will also affect the enrollment of children. The study reveals that lack of transports; school distance, school expenses, household work, traditional customs and financial issues are the barriers for female education. Key words: Attitude, Females, education, Income, Customs, Barriers.

Assessment of Household Work as Compensation for Physical Activity Deficit Amongst Older Adults in a Nigerian Urban Setting

Urban older adults tend to be physically inactive and often remain indoors. Household work of a sample of 300 urban-dwelling adults (50-65 years) from a Nigerian state capital was therefore investigated for physical activity (PA) levels. Questionnaire on participation in household tasks, time and days/week for the tasks, awareness of health benefits of PA and household work as exercise was used. Greater participation occurred in household chores than outdoor/yard work (70.0 vs 44.0%) while participation varied with specific chores (55.0-70.0%) and yard work (28.7-34.0%). Gender, education, age and living with spouse or children/helper were associated with performance of household chores (P&lt;0.05) as well as with yard work except living with spouse. Prevalence of low-intensity household PA was high with only 0.9-13.8% attaining moderate-intensity level and no vigorous-intensity. Low prevalence of awareness of PA health benefits (32.3%) and household work as exercise (14.4%) was observed, but were related to good performance of household work (OR, 1.50-1.55; CL, 0.55-3.54). The finding that 13% of the respondents attained moderate-intensity PA indicated the potential of household work to compensate for the absence of other physical activities. Thus public health campaigns based on household work as exercise in a gender sensitive African society becomes necessary.