VARIABILITY OF AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID SORGHUM VARIETIES IN BURKINA FASO

Sorghum is the first cereal grown in Burkina Faso. It is produced in all regions of the country, however yields in the field are very low. In view of this low productivity, new hybrid varieties have been introduced from Brazil and Mali. Our study aims to evaluate their agro morphological and nutritional characteristics in order to disseminate the most efficient genotypes. A completely randomized block device with three (03) repetitions has been set up at the Farako-Bâ research station. Observations focused on five (05) agro morphological traits such as the semi-flowering cycle, plant height, panicle length, weight of a thousand grains and yield and six (06) biochemical traits including total water, total sugar, protein, fat and mineral content. Analysis of variance and heritability in the broad sense were performed. Our results showed both agro morphological and biochemical variability between the varieties evaluated. Heritability in the broad sense has also shown that all traits studied are under the influence of genetic rather than environmental factors. In general, hybrids obtained semi-dwarf sizes and yields above 4000 kg/ha. The control variety KAPELGA recorded the highest values of protein and mineral content. The highest sugar content is obtained in the hybrid XBS60015 with 17.82 μg Glu/100mgMS. Correlation analyses have shown that there is a negative and very highly significant correlation (-0.86) between yield and protein content. The most efficient hybrids will be able to be disseminated following participatory selection tests on different sites nationwide.

Participatory Selection of Amaranthus Genotypes in the KwaMbonambi Area, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Participatory variety selection (PVS) is a process that tests promising genotypes in farmers’ fields through a close farmer–researcher collaboration approach, which enhances the acceptance of new varieties by farmers. However, limited studies have been conducted to select Amaranthus genotypes that have potential for future breeding programmes in South Africa. Therefore, this study was aimed at selecting Amaranthus genotype(s) that is/are preferred by farmers in northern KwaZulu-Natal, using the PVS approach. Seedlings of fifteen Amaranthus genotypes were each planted in separate 10 × 10 m plots. Fourteen local farmers managed these genotypes and also determined the preferred traits to be used to evaluate them. These traits were: mild taste; profuse stem branching; big and numerous leaves; soft texture; and longer shelf life. Plants at four months after transplant were then evaluated and ranked according to farmers’ preferred traits using score sheets designed on a four-point Likert scale or five-point hedonic scale. However, genotype ACAT seed fair had the best scoring for appealing taste and aroma, and profuse branching. The TOT 8789 genotype had the largest and softest leaves. Again, A. thunbergii had the most numerous leaves of them all. These genotypes are thus recommended for multi-environment testing, seed multiplication, genetic improvement, and promotion for cultivation in South Africa.

Perancangan Tempat Pengolahan Sampah (TPS) 3R di Kelurahan Sungai Jawi Dalam Kota Pontianak

In the implementation of the construction of the recycling area, several stages are needed, one of which is the phase of selecting a suitable location for the construction of the recycling area. This study aims to analyze the potential sites for the construction of recycling area using the participatory selection (selotif) method then after determining the appropriate locations, the design of the recycling area includes reception and sorting areas, composting area and other supporting facilities. The method in carrying out research at the initial stage is to identify the location of the study area and perform population projections to determine waste generation for the next 20 years. The research location in Kelurahan Sungai Jawi Dalam then divides 2 zones of prospective locations to be scored using that method. From the results of population projections in 2021, the population of Kelurahan Sungai Jawi Dalam is 35,402 people with a loading rate of 2.68 liters/person/day so that the capacity of the waste generated is 94,877 liters/day. Then from the scoring of the indicator variable tape, zone A obtained a cumulative value of 1190 and zone B of 1030 so that the zone selected as the location for the construction of recycling area was zone A with the availability of land for development of 896 m2. It is planned that the recycling area will serve 400 family members, with the rate of waste generated then compared to the waste generation of Kelurahan Sungai Jawi Dalam in 2021, the presence of the recycling area which is planned to reduce 4.52% of the waste that goes to the landfill. Recycling area requirements are 166.75 m2 consisting of 5.0 m2 organic waste storage, 7.0 m2 sorting area, 36.75 m2 composting area, 24.0 m2 sifting area, and anorganic waste area. 9.0 m2 then supporting facilities such as warehouse 18.0 m2, office 18.0 m2 security, 3.0 m2 residual area 10.0 m2, garage 30 m2 and bathroom 6.0 m2. Keywords: waste, selotif, recycling area Abstrak Dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan TPS 3R dibutuhkan tahapan pemilihan lokasi yang layak untuk pembangunan TPS 3R. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis calon lokasi TPS 3R dengan metode seleksi partisipatif (selotif), setelah ditentukan lokasi kemudian merancang area TPS 3R berupa area penerimaan dan pemilahan, area komposting dan fasilitas pendukung lainnya. Metode pelaksanaan penelitian pada tahap awal mengidentifikasi lokasi wilayah studi dan proyeksi penduduk untuk mengetahui timbulan sampah hingga 20 tahun mendatang kemudian untuk mendapatkan hasil skoring lokasi terpilih berdasarkan variabel dan indikator yang ditentukan dalam metode selotif dilakukan dengan observasi langsung, wawancara dan kuesioner. Lokasi penelitian di Kelurahan Sungai Jawi Dalam kemudian membagi 2 zona calon lokasi yang akan dilakukan skoring dengan metode selotif. Dari hasil proyeksi penduduk pada tahun 2021, jumlah penduduk Kelurahan Sungai Jawi Dalam sebanyak 35.402 jiwa dengan laju timbulan sampah 2,68 liter/org/hari sehingga kapasitas sampah yang dihasilkan adalah 94.877 liter/hari. Kemudian dari skoring variabel indikator selotif zona A memperoleh nilai komulatif sebesar 1190 dan zona B sebesar 1030 sehingga zona yang terpilih sebagai lokasi pembangunan TPS 3R adalah zona A dengan ketersediaan lahan untuk pembangunan sebesar 896 m2. Direncanakan TPS 3R akan melayani 400KK, dengan laju timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan kemudian dibandingkan dengan timbulan sampah Kelurahan Sungai Jawi Dalam pada tahun 2021, kehadiran TPS 3R yang direncanakan dapat mengurangi 4,52% sampah yang masuk ke TPA. Kebutuhan lahan TPS 3R untuk melayani jumlah KK yang direncanakan sebesar 166,75 m2 terdiri dari penampungan sampah organik 5,0 m2, area pencacah 7,0 m2, area pengomposan 36,75 m2, area pengayakan 24,0 m2, dan area sampah anorganik 9,0 m2 kemudian sarana pendukung seperti gudang 18,0 m2, kantor 18,0 m2 pos jaga 3,0 m2 area residu 10,0 m2, garasi gerobak motor 30 m2 dan kamar mandi / WC 6,0 m2. Kata kunci : sampah, selotif, TPS 3R

Morphological, Sensorial and Chemical Characterization of Chilli Peppers (Capsicum spp.) from the CATIE Genebank

In order to assess the potential of 192 accessions of Capsicum L., from 21 countries, a morphological and agronomic characterization was carried out by applying 57 qualitative and quantitative descriptors. Multivariate analyses identified two large groups: the first including C. annuum (G3, G5, G7 and G8) and the second C. frutescens, C. baccatum, C. chinense and C. pubescens (G1, G2, G4, G6 and G9). The discriminant qualitative descriptors were the colour of the corolla, the colour of the anthers and position of the flower. The quantitative discriminant characteristics were length, weight and width of the fruit. The participatory selection identified 15 materials by colour, aroma, texture, flavour, size and thickness of fruits. Chemical analyses determined the highest concentration of flavonoids in the accessions 10,757 (16.64 mg/g) and 15,661 (15.77 mg/g). Accessions 17,750 (11.68 mg/g) and 10,757 (11.41 mg/g) presented the highest polyphenol contents. The highest capsaicin concentration was recorded in accessions 16,209 (55.90 mg/g) and 10,757 (48.80 mg/g). The highest antioxidant value was recorded in accessions 17,750 (90.85 mg/g) and 15,661 (87.03 mg/g). All these characteristics are important with a view to increasing industrial use and genetic improvement processes. These results show the existence of significant genetic variability within the genus Capsicum.