genus bacillus
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Author(s):  
Lijiao Liang ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Tianming Qu ◽  
Xiaomei Zhao ◽  
Yiqiang Ge ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction The raw milk is the basic raw material of dairy products, Bacillus cereus is a typical conditional pathogenic bacteria and cold-phagocytic spoilage bacteria in raw milk. This study established a qPCR method for detecting B. cereus in raw milk Materials and Methods In this study, a qPCR method for detecting B. cereus in raw milk was established. The specificity of the method was verified by using other Bacillus bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, the sensitivity of the method was evaluated by preparing recombinant plasmids and simulated contaminated samples, and the applicability of the method was verified by using pure spore DNA. The actual sample detection was completed by using the established qPCR method Results The qPCR established in this study can specifically detect B. cereus in raw milk. The LOD of the method was as low as 200 CFU/mL, and the LOQ ranged from 2 × 10 2 to 2 × 10 8 CFU/ml, the amplification efficiency of qPCR was 96.6% Conclusins The method established in this study can distinguish B. cereus from other Bacillus bacteria, and spore DNA can be used as the detection object. This method has the advantages of strong specificity, high sensitivity, wide application range and short detection time, which is expected to be applied in the dairy industry.


2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Wilhelmus Terang Arga Sanjaya ◽  
Desak Ketut Tristiana Sukmadewi ◽  
Fahrizal Hazra ◽  
Aisamrotul Hasanah ◽  
Dwi Andreas Santosa

<p>Usaha pengendalian hama ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura) di tingkat petani masih mengandalkan pestisida sintetik. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengeksplorasi bakteri potensial pengendali hama ulat grayak (S. litura) dan menguji ketahanan bakteri potensial pada bahan pembawa kompos dan zeolit. Isolat tanah diisolasi dari tiga jenis sumber, yaitu sampel tanah daerah rhizosfer (padi, kelapa sawit, terung, jagung), sampel buah busuk (kakao, kelapa sawit, jambu air), dan sampel bangkai serangga (ulat api, belalang, kumbang tahi, kupu-kupu) yang diambil dari kawasan Dramaga dengan metode purposive sampling. Penelitian di laboratorium meliputi isolasi bakteri, uji patogenitas, pewarnaan gram, pengamatan morfologi koloni, uji toksisitas, uji biokimia, dan uji bahan pembawa. Berdasarkan penelitian ini didapatkan dua strain yang berpotensi sebagai agens biokontrol dengan kemampuan membunuh hama yang tinggi pada pengujian toksisitas tahap kedua, yaitu IRJ 10 (tingkat kematian 90%) dan ISU 4 (tingkat kematian 100%). Kedua isolat ini merupakan anggota genus Bacillus. Pada uji bahan pembawa kompos dan zeolit, penurunan jumlah sel bakteri pengendali hama paling tinggi adalah pada bahan pembawa zeolit dibandingkan dengan menggunakan bahan pembawa kompos. Jumlah sel bakteri pengendali hama pada masa penyimpanan 3 minggu masih di atas 108 CFU/g.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Bakteri; Bahan pembawa; Ekplorasi; Agens pengendali hama; Ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura)</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The effort to control the Spodoptera litura at the farm level still used synthetic pesticides. This research aimed to explore potential bacteria as biological control of S. litura and do viability test of potential bacteria on compost and zeolite carrier. Soil potential bacteria had been isolated from three sources, including rhizosphere soil samples (rice, oil palm, eggplant, corn), rotten fruit samples (cocoa, oil palm, water), and insect samples (fireworms, locusts, dung beetles, butterflies) taken from Dramaga area with the purposive sampling method. Stages of laboratory study include isolation of bacterial isolates, pathogenicity tests, gram staining, colony morphology observation, toxicity test, biochemical test, and viability test. Two strains that have potential as biocontrol agents with a high ability to kill pests in the second stage of toxicity testing are IRJ 10 (90% mortality rate) and ISU 4 (100% mortality rate). Both of these isolates are members of the genus Bacillus. The highest number of viability was found in zeolite carriers. The number of bacterial cells in the three-week storage period is still above 108 CFU/g.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Galaktionova ◽  
Alexey Nikolaevich Sizentsov ◽  
Olga Konstantinovna Davydova ◽  
Hike Nikolaevich Nikiyan ◽  
Yaroslav Alekseevich Sizentsov

The article presents data on the physicochemical and metabolically dependent mechanisms of detoxification by microorganisms of heavy metals that enter the environment during anthropogenic pollution. The taxonomic and physiological-biochemical diversity of microorganisms capable of neutralizing toxicants has been demonstrated. In the experimental part of the study, the combination of the methods used made it possible to fully assess the degree of toxicity and the effect of lead cations on the growth of bacteria of the genus Bacillus in a model experiment. Thus, the use of atomic absorption spectrophotometry and atomic force microscopy gave an idea of the level of biosorption of a given xenobiotic element from a substrate with localization of inactive forms of lead. The data obtained indicate the presence of an inhibitory effect of Pb (NO3) 2 and Pb (CH3COO) 2 in concentrations from 1 mM to 0.063 mM about the test organisms under study. The presence of cations with a nutrient substrate gives a false-positive idea of the degree of influence of lead on the growth of the studied microorganisms, since an increase in optical density in test samples is due to high sorption characteristics and, as a consequence, is characterized by an increase in relative optical density. An assessment of the detoxification mechanisms, which is expressed by active bioaccumulation of lead on the surface elements of the microbial cell up to 65% at the point of entering the stationary growth phase, indicates the promising use of representatives of this group of microorganisms as microbial bioremediation and correctors of excess content of this element in the body or ecosystem as a whole.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (104) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
D. V. Demyanenko ◽  
Ye. V. Vashchyk ◽  
T. I. Fotina

Chicken eggs are a staple food for humans and are consumed all over the world. Chicken eggs have a leading position among food products in terms of nutritional value and taste. During storage, under the influence of air oxygen and microorganisms, eggs deteriorate, contamination of opportunistic and pathogenic microflora increases. Purpose: analysis of the results of bacteriological studies of eggs of various producers during automatic and manual sorting and packaging from the trading network in Sumy and the Sumy region in accordance with DSTU 5028:2008 “Edible hen eggs. Specifications” and Microbiological Criteria for Establishing Food Safety Indicators. Materials and methods. Bacteriological studies of shell washings and egg contents were carried out according to standard methods. Samples of edible chicken eggs with automatic and manual sorting and packaging corresponded to DSTU 5028:2008, Microbiological criteria for establishing food safety indicators and BIE No. 5061-89. Pathogenic and opportunistic pathogens of bacterial diseases were not isolated from the surface of eggs of the control group during automated sorting and packing, spore bacteria of the genus Bacillus (Bacillus subtilis) were isolated. In washes from the egg shell surface with manual sorting and packaging, Streptococcus spp was found – 12 % of the number of samples examined, E. faecalis – 34 %, P. aeruginosa – 11 %, and spore bacteria of the genus Bacillus (B. subtilis) – 43 %. The number of QMA&OAMO and CGB (coli-forms) in both groups corresponded to the established norms, but the QMA&OAMO indicator in the products of enterprises with manual collection and packaging was 34 % higher compared to eggs from enterprises with automated sorting and packaging. Automation of the process of sorting and packing eggs provides the best microbiological indicators of the safety of edible hen eggs in comparison with those when using manual labor during sorting and packing. A complete transition to the automation of production processes for the production of edible eggs in Ukraine is required.


Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Kaloyan Petrov ◽  
Penka Petrova

The growing need for industrial production of bio-based acetoin and 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) is due to both environmental concerns, and their widespread use in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Acetoin is a common spice added to many foods, but also a valuable reagent in many chemical syntheses. Similarly, 2,3-BD is an indispensable chemical on the platform in the production of synthetic rubber, printing inks, perfumes, antifreeze, and fuel additives. This state-of-the-art review focuses on representatives of the genus Bacillus as prospective producers of acetoin and 2,3-BD. They have the following important advantages: non-pathogenic nature, unpretentiousness to growing conditions, and the ability to utilize a huge number of substrates (glucose, sucrose, starch, cellulose, and inulin hydrolysates), sugars from the composition of lignocellulose (cellobiose, mannose, galactose, xylose, and arabinose), as well as waste glycerol. In addition, these strains can be improved by genetic engineering, and are amenable to process optimization. Bacillus spp. are among the best acetoin producers. They also synthesize 2,3-BD in titer and yield comparable to those of the pathogenic producers. However, Bacillus spp. show relatively lower productivity, which can be increased in the course of challenging future research.


2021 ◽  
Vol 939 (1) ◽  
pp. 012045
Author(s):  
M K Khojanazarova ◽  
S S Murodova ◽  
S F Sanakulov ◽  
G K Khalmuminova

Abstract This paper investigates the cultural-morphological, physiological and biochemical properties of bacterial isolates with stimulating properties isolated from the rhizosphere of cotton (Gossýpium hirsútum) grown in saline soils of Uzbekistan. The cells of the isolated culture No. 12 were found to be rod-shaped, 2-3x0.5-0.6 urn in size, single or chain-linked, Gram-positive aerobic bacteria producing spores. In studying the culture No. 146, its cells were in the form of thick, less mobile rods, 1-2x0.6-0.8 urn in size, forming thermostable spores. The spores were located in the center of the cell; the Gram-stained colonies in meat-peptone agar were round, bulging; the edges were flat, consistency oily, smooth and, mucous; and, the upper part was found to be shiny. Studies have shown that the isolates appertained to the genus Bacillus sr.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (31) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Veselka Georgieva ◽  
◽  
Ivan Traykov ◽  
Dilyana Nikolova ◽  
Yana Evstatieva ◽  
...  

This study aims to investigate the effect of PGP-strains from genus Bacillus on seed germination of Pisum sativum and plant growth of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum in comparison with two growth plant regulators. Bacterial cell free supernatants (CFS) from five Bacillus strains were used in two different concentrations – 100 and 500 fold dilutions. The growth regulators (gibberellic acid and indole acetic acid) were used to determine optimal concentration to Pisum sativum seeds germination and plant growth, and were compared with the bacterial CFS. PGP-activities of CFS and plant regulators were evaluated by morphometric data of sprouted seeds and plants. Bacterial CFS increase the number of lateral root branching and the average number of leaves compared with the tested growth regulators. The growth regulators had positive effect on plant growth, although their accumulation in the soils has been shown to cause soil erosion and pollution. The treatment of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum with bacterial CS from B. subtilis 8VR, B. pumilus 9VR and B. thuringiensis 13VR, resulted in significant increase in the root length compared to the control. The maximum length of the main root was measured after treatment with CS from B. thuringiensis 13VR. Bacterial CS from genus Bacillus had no effect of stem length of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum, while CS from B. cereus 7VR and B. subtilis 8VR increased the number of leaf trichomes compared to the control.


2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 348-349
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Terekhova ◽  
Lyudmila Galaktionova ◽  
Alexey Sizentsov ◽  
Olga Davydova ◽  
Hike Nikiyan

Abstract The research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education in accordance with the state assignment for Ural State Mining University No. 0833-2020-0008 ‘Development and environmental and economic substantiation of the technology for reclamation of land disturbed by the mining and metallurgical complex based on reclamation materials and fertilizers of a new type’. We obtain the scientific results by using funds of the Center for the collective use of scientific equipment of the Federal Scientific Center of biological systems and agricultural technologies of RAS as well (No Ross RU.0001.21 PF59, the Unified Russian Register of Centers for Collective Use - http://www.ckp-rf.ru/ckp/77384).The search for natural bioremediators to restore crop and grazing lands in conditions of the increased anthropogenic load is a relevant and promisingly significant area of research. Thus, we were tasked to assess the prospect of using the physiological and adaptive characteristics of microorganisms of the genus Bacillus as an active biosorbent of movable forms of lead from the substrate on the in vitro model.Soil isolates of microorganisms of the genus Bacillus extracted from samples from areas with increased lead levels were used to achieve our aim. Pb(NO3)2 solutions in the concentration range from 1 to 0.063M were used as the factor regulating the growth. Methods used in the work were: the method of agar basins, the nephelometric method, atomic-absorption spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. B. subtilis and B. cereus were isolated from soil samples. The maximum resistance to different concentrations of Pb(NO3)2 was revealed for B. subtilis. The presence of lead cations in the nutrient substrate significantly increased the population density to 26.0%. At the same time, the percentage of lead sorption in the initial stage of the stationary growth phase was 65.3% with the maximum localization on the surface structures of the cell membrane.


Author(s):  
Pablo Arce-Amezquita ◽  
Mirella Romero-Bastidas ◽  
Maurilia Rojas-Contreras

The presence of pathogens, like fungi, is one of the most important causes of basil crop loss around the world; however, many microorganisms have a crucial role on plant development including protection against pathogenic ones. In the present study, basil associated bacteria were isolated, quantified and preserved. Characterization of isolated bacteria showed 165 Gram positive strains, 152 with bacillary and 13 with coccoid morphology. Later, in vitro antagonism assays were performed, first against Aspergillus spp. and then against Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, Alternaria spp. and Aspergillus spp. Finally, the effect of the isolated bacteria on basil seed germination and first stages of development were carried out. Sampled basil plants, produced around La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico, were colonized by known antagonistic bacteria of the Bacillus genus. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains were the prevailing species with antifungal activity. Moreover, strains ALMH42, ALMR73 and ALAH91 did not show any deleterious effect on basil seedling development. Biotechnological potential exploration of these isolated strains from healthy basil plants is of great interest for future applications on this and other crops.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-553
Author(s):  
Nataliia Tkachuk ◽  
Liubov Zelena

This paper tackles bacteria of the genus Bacillus as both biodamaging/biodegrading and biocontrolling agents. The article addresses the said bacteria’s ability to form biofilms and corrosive, antimicrobial and antibiofilm proactive compounds, primarily, siderophores. Their role depends on the species, microorganism strain, production of antimicrobial substances, biofilm formation, and the type of damaged material. The bacteria under analysis have demonstrated the ability to cause as well as inhibit biodamage. The involvement of bacteria of the genus Bacillus in microbiologically influenced corrosion processes is determined by the production of corrosive metabolites and the impact of certain bioelectrochemical mechanisms. Lipopeptides generated by Bacillus subtilis (surfactin, iturin and fengycin) are capable of modifying surfaces’ hydrophobic properties and impacting the microbes’ adhesion to surfaces. Produced by Bacillus velezensis, the siderophore bacillibactin at a high concentration is capable of inhibiting the formation of bacterial biofilms, thus slowing down the degradation of materials. Further study of siderophores as green inhibitors of microbiologically influenced corrosion may be promising as the said compounds possess antibiofilm-forming properties and high-intensity inhibitory capabilities.


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