pharmaceutical removal
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Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Motasem Alazaiza ◽  
Ahmed Albahnasawi ◽  
Gomaa Ali ◽  
Mohammed Bashir ◽  
Dia Nassani ◽  
...  

Pharmaceutical contamination threatens both humans and the environment, and several technologies have been adapted for the removal of pharmaceuticals. The coagulation-flocculation process demonstrates a feasible solution for pharmaceutical removal. However, the chemical coagulation process has its drawbacks, such as excessive and toxic sludge production and high production cost. To overcome these shortcomings, the feasibility of natural-based coagulants, due to their biodegradability, safety, and availability, has been investigated by several researchers. This review presented the recent advances of using natural coagulants for pharmaceutical compound removal from aqueous solutions. The main mechanisms of natural coagulants for pharmaceutical removal from water and wastewater are charge neutralization and polymer bridges. Natural coagulants extracted from plants are more commonly investigated than those extracted from animals due to their affordability. Natural coagulants are competitive in terms of their performance and environmental sustainability. Developing a reliable extraction method is required, and therefore further investigation is essential to obtain a complete insight regarding the performance and the effect of environmental factors during pharmaceutical removal by natural coagulants. Finally, the indirect application of natural coagulants is an essential step for implementing green water and wastewater treatment technologies.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Salim Mahtab ◽  
Izharul Haq Farooqi

Nowadays, the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in sewage/wastewater is a major environmental concern. Their precise characterization and suitable treatment/disposal is a must else it pollutes the surface water bodies and causes major distress on aquatic lives and human health. Also, the up-gradation of the sewage/wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is a must to consider the removal of these pollutants and to provide the best quality effluent for various reuse purposes. Mostly, the conventional treatment methods are inefficient for their removal, and hence, the most advanced and refined treatment options are needed for their effective treatment. In this chapter, we have highlighted the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in various water samples and their treatment options are reviewed. It was recommended that integrated treatment systems are more efficient, economical, and environmental friendly than single stand-alone treatment. Further advancement and modifications in the treatment options are required to overcome the shortcomings regarding pharmaceutical removal to achieve the legal standard discharge limit.


Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1091
Author(s):  
Michelle Finn ◽  
Gabrielle Giampietro ◽  
David Mazyck ◽  
Regina Rodriguez

Pharmaceuticals are an increasing problem in waterways due to improper disposal and lack of removal at wastewater treatment plants. Long-term exposure impacts to humans are unknown but have been observed in model organisms (i.e., fish), impacting reproduction, changing temperament, and causing organ damage. The application of activated carbon (AC) for organic contaminant removal is widespread and applied successfully for water treatment. The objective of this study is to rapidly adsorb ibuprofen using AC to determine the feasibility as a point-of-entry treatment option for removal of pharmaceuticals in the toilet. AC factors analyzed include type of AC raw material, adsorbent particle size, contact time, and competitive adsorption of ibuprofen and common toilet bowl cleaner components such as chlorine and methylene blue dye. A coconut-based AC with a high surface area adsorbed the highest quantity of ibuprofen. There was no significant impact to ibuprofen adsorption upon the introduction of other compounds to the solution, thus demonstrating rapid adsorption and the potential for application at the point-of-entry.


2021 ◽  
Vol 412 ◽  
pp. 125231
Author(s):  
Cristina Ávila ◽  
María Jesús García-Galán ◽  
Enrica Uggetti ◽  
Nicola Montemurro ◽  
Manuel García-Vara ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily (Hanna) Cooper

Pharmaceuticals have been detected in water throughout the developed world. Some, while at low concentrations, can negatively affect freshwater wildlife. This thesis explores the level of risk that pharmaceuticals pose to Ontario’s environment, and possible challenges and opportunities for government action to address this issue. In addition to a literature review, this work replicates an earlier similar study by collecting information directly from seven purposefully selected Ontario experts. Results make it clear that pharmaceuticals pose some risk, but a consensus cannot be reached on the level of risk. With limited financial resources, it is difficult to prioritize pharmaceutical removal over other environmental problems without a clear understanding of the harm that pharmaceuticals pose. Nevertheless, there are opportunities for government action. Ontario could follow what British Columbia has done; it developed a Water Quality Guideline for pharmaceuticals that must be considered by government when making decisions that could affect water quality.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily (Hanna) Cooper

Pharmaceuticals have been detected in water throughout the developed world. Some, while at low concentrations, can negatively affect freshwater wildlife. This thesis explores the level of risk that pharmaceuticals pose to Ontario’s environment, and possible challenges and opportunities for government action to address this issue. In addition to a literature review, this work replicates an earlier similar study by collecting information directly from seven purposefully selected Ontario experts. Results make it clear that pharmaceuticals pose some risk, but a consensus cannot be reached on the level of risk. With limited financial resources, it is difficult to prioritize pharmaceutical removal over other environmental problems without a clear understanding of the harm that pharmaceuticals pose. Nevertheless, there are opportunities for government action. Ontario could follow what British Columbia has done; it developed a Water Quality Guideline for pharmaceuticals that must be considered by government when making decisions that could affect water quality.


2021 ◽  
pp. 138694
Author(s):  
Silvia Escudero-Curiel ◽  
Valeria Acevedo-García ◽  
Mª Ángeles Sanromán ◽  
Marta Pazos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kumar Chaubey ◽  
Manvendra Patel ◽  
Dinesh Mohan

<p>Pharmaceuticals cured deadly diseases and enhance the life spans of human beings. But, in the past decade, pharmaceuticals have risen as “contaminants of emerging concern” around the world. The persistence and resistance of pharmaceuticals lead to their accumulation in water bodies. The inefficiency of conventional WWTPs to remove pharmaceuticals also contributed to their environmental presence. Thus, the urgent need for sustainable and economically feasible remediation techniques has become evident. The present study describes the sorption of Acetaminophen from aqueous systems with engineered biochar. The biochars were developed from Mg/Al layered double hydroxides impregnated rice husk biomass at 500 and 700 ℃ in an atmosphere controlled muffle furnace.  The developed engineered biochar was characterized by using CHNS analyzer, ICP-OES, SEM, SEM-EDX, TEM, FTIR, and XRD. Engineered biochar was applied for aqueous pharmaceutical removal in batch mode through pH, isotherm, and kinetic studies. The effect of pyrolysis temperature, pH, concentration, dose, contact time, and sorption temperature have been evaluated. Engineered biochar prepared at 700 ℃ shows significantly higher removal of pharmaceutical as compared to Engineered biochar prepared at 500 ℃ as well as pristine biochar.</p>


Author(s):  
Omar Israel González Peña ◽  
Miguel Ángel López Zavala ◽  
Héctor Cabral Ruelas

Pharmaceuticals enhance our quality of life; consequently, their consumption is growing as a result of the need to treat ageing-related and chronic diseases and changes in the clinical practice. The market revenues also show an historic growth worldwide motivated by the increase on the drug demand. However, this positivism on the market is fogged because the discharge of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites into the environment, including water, also increases due to their inappropriate management, treatment and disposal; now, worldwide, this fact is recognized as an environmental concern and human health risk. Intriguingly, researchers have studied the most effective methods for pharmaceutical removal in wastewater; however, the types of pharmaceuticals investigated in most of these studies do not reflect the most produced and consumed pharmaceuticals on the market. Hence, an attempt was done to analyze the pharmaceutical market, drugs consumption trends and the pharmaceutical research interests worldwide. Notwithstanding, the intensive research work done in different pharmaceutical research fronts such as disposal and fate, environmental impacts and concerns, human health risks, removal, degradation and development of treatment technologies, found that such research is not totally aligned with the market trends and consumption patterns. There are other drivers and interests that promote the pharmaceutical research. Thus, this review is an important contribution to those that are interested not only on the pharmaceutical market and drugs consumption, but also on the links, the drivers and interests that motivate and determine the research work on certain groups of pharmaceuticals on water and wastewater.


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