immune disorders
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2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
Paulina Mertowska ◽  
Sebastian Mertowski ◽  
Iwona Smarz-Widelska ◽  
Ewelina Grywalska

Each year, the number of patients who are diagnosed with kidney disease too late is increasing, which leads to permanent renal failure. This growing problem affects people of every age, sex and origin, and its full etiopathogenesis is not fully understood, although the involvement of genetic susceptibility, infections, immune disorders or high blood pressure is suggested. Difficulties in making a correct and quick diagnosis are caused by the lack of research on early molecular markers, as well as educational and preventive activities among the public, which leads to the late detection of kidney diseases. An important role in the homeostasis and disease progression, including kidney diseases, is attributed to interleukins, which perform several biological functions and interact with other cells and tissues of the body. The aim of this article was to systematize the knowledge about the biological functions performed by interleukins in humans and their involvement in kidney diseases development. In our work, we took into account the role of interleukins in acute and chronic kidney disease and kidney transplantation.


2021 ◽  
pp. 429-441
Author(s):  
MUHASINA.K.M ◽  
Dhanabal S. Palaniswamy ◽  
Deepika.N.P ◽  
Divya jyothi Palati

Curcuma longa or turmeric is a plant that is used as a spice and as a phytoconstituent in many formulations from Vedic age. Curcuminoids are the most important Phyto constituents present in turmeric with various pharmacological activities. The present study reveals various pharmacological activities of curcumin with special emphasis on MDR cancer cells. The curcuminoids are the Phyto constituents showing potent activity against neurological disorders, cardio vascular diseases, auto immune disorders, Metabolic disorders, cancer, inflammatory diseases, Skin allergies and disorders. This review give emphasis on anticancer activity of curcumin and its possible mechanism of actions. Many studies revealing that various formulations and combination therapy of curcumin is increasing its bioavailability and there by effective against various diseases. This review is lighting to a treasure buried inside the soil a potential therapeutic agent without side effects.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Moreno-Yruela ◽  
Christian Adam Olsen

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) 1-3 regulate chromatin structure and gene expression. These three enzymes are targets for cancer chemotherapy and are studied for the treatment of immune disorders and neurodegeneration, but there is a lack of selective pharmacological tool compounds to unravel their individual roles. Potent inhibitors of HDACs 1-3 often display slow-binding kinetics, which causes a delay in inhibitor-enzyme equilibration and may affect assay readout. Here, we compare the potency and selectivity of slow-binding inhibitors measured by discontinuous and continuous assays. We find that entinostat, a clinical candidate, inhibits HDACs 1-3 by a two-step, slow-binding mechanism with lower potencies than previously reported. In addition, we show that RGFP966, commercialized as HDAC3-selective probe, is a slow-binding inhibitor with inhibitor constants of 57 nM, 31 nM, and 13 nM against HDACs 1-3, respectively. These data highlight a need for thorough kinetic investigation in the development of selective HDAC probes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5879
Author(s):  
Radosław B. Maksym ◽  
Marta Hoffmann-Młodzianowska ◽  
Milena Skibińska ◽  
Michał Rabijewski ◽  
Andrzej Mackiewicz ◽  
...  

Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological and systemic diseases, with a remarkable immune background. Patients suffer from pain and fertility reduction. Due to the distinct immune component, an immunotherapeutic approach may gain importance in the future. In endometriosis, shifts in the cell fractions of the immune system are well known. Moreover, hypoxia concomitant with inflammation causes a disturbed immune response. The removal of endometriosis has a therapeutic effect, normalizes the immune disorders, and remains the most effective causative treatment in terms of pain and infertility. A key issue is whether a similar effect can be achieved for fertility with non-invasive immunotherapy where surgery is inadvisable or cannot be performed for various reasons. Numerous immunotherapy trials, including vaccines, were conducted on animals only, although the research is encouraging. Among the promising methods of non-specific immunotherapy is the administration of an ethiodized oil contrast. Moreover, due to the significant successes of immunotherapy in oncology, the possibility of immunotherapy affecting NK cells has been postulated. NK cells are responsible for the surveillance and apoptosis of ectopic cells. Expanding the arsenal of endometriosis treatment by immunotherapy is promising due to the significant contribution of immunological factors and the limitations of current treatment methods.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Feng ◽  
Shuping Zhou ◽  
Tong Liu ◽  
Yong Yu ◽  
Qinghong Su ◽  
...  

Autoimmune uveitis is characterized by immune disorders of the eyes and the whole body and is often recurrent in young adults, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. IL-35 is an essential regulatory factor in many autoimmune diseases, which is produced by Breg cells and can induce Breg cells to regulate the immune response. The relationship between the expression and gene polymorphism of IL-35 and the immune status of patients with autoimmune uveitis has not been reported. The peripheral blood of the subjects was collected from patients with Behçet’s Disease (BD) and those with Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) syndrome. The percentage of immune cell subsets including B cells, DC, and T cells, and the expression of IL-35 in serum of these two kinds of disease were analyzed. And then, the associations between seven IL-35 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites and disease susceptibility, the immune status, the clinical characteristics, and the serum IL-35 levels were analyzed. Our results showed that the percentage of Breg cells was significantly decreased in the blood of patients with VKH syndrome compared to that of healthy controls. The levels of IL-35 in the serum of patients with VKH syndrome or BD patients were not changed significantly, compared to that of healthy controls. Furthermore, the associations between two subunits of IL-35 (IL-12p35 and EBI3) and BD or VKH patients were analyzed. We found that there was an association between the EBI3 rs428253 and the occurrence of BD. There was an association between the IL-12p35 rs2243131 and the low level of Breg cell of VKH patients. In addition, there were associations between the polymorphisms of EBI3 rs4740 and the occurrence of headache and tinnitus of VKH patients, respectively. And the genotype frequency of IL-12p35 rs2243115 was related to the concentration of serum IL-35 in patients with VKH syndrome. Thus, the specific SNP sites change of IL-35 were correlated to the immune disorders in uveitis. And they may also play a guiding role in the occurrence of clinical symptoms in patients with uveitis, especially for VKH syndrome.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_G) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Ridolfi ◽  
Gabriele Bronzetti ◽  
Andrea Donti ◽  
Marcello Lanari ◽  
Gaetano Domenico Gargiulo

Abstract Aims The natural history of atrioventricular blocks (AVBs) in children is not completely clarified, with particular regard for isolated, acquired, and non-immune disorders. Moreover, there is still concern on when—and not on if—a pacemaker (PM) implantation is indicated. In this retrospective study, we investigated diagnostic and therapeutic approach to AVBs in children and we described complications occurred in PM recipients. Methods and results We analysed 73 patients with a diagnosis of AVB who were submitted to a regular follow-up between 2015 and 2020 at the Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Unit of an Italian referral centre. Forty-four patients (60%) were diagnosed with a complete AVB and after a mean follow-up of 8.2 ± 6.8 years, 35 patients (79.5%) had received a permanent PM. AVB was asymptomatic in 52 children (71.2%) and a congenital heart disease was present in 13 cases (17.8%). Anti-SSA/B autoantibodies were detected in eight patients (11%) with complete block and their prognostic role was substantially redefined. The mean interval between diagnosis and implantation and the complication rate in PM recipients were similar to data available on literature, regardless of the age at diagnosis. Conclusions From a diagnostic point of view, we identified several differences between partial and complete AVBs. As regards the timing of pacing therapy, the moment of implantation should be accurately chosen but should not depend only on the age at diagnosis or the presence of maternal autoantibodies, since the incidence of device-related complications was independent from those features.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Stepaniuk ◽  
Amin Kanani

Abstract Background Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an inherited condition manifesting as recurrent angioedema episodes which is caused by deficiency or dysfunction of C1 inhibitor. Although complement dysregulation has historically been shown to be associated with various malignancy and immune disorders, it is currently not known if HAE patients are at an increased risk of developing malignancy or autoimmune conditions. Case presentation We reviewed the charts of 49 HAE patients and identified 6 patients who had a co-existing malignancy diagnosis (two with breast cancer, one with melanoma, one with pancreatic cancer, one with renal cancer and one with cervical dysplasia) and 6 patients who had a diagnosis of a co-existing immune disorder (two with rheumatoid arthritis, two with ulcerative colitis, one with chronic urticaria with hypothyroidism and one with Sjogren’s syndrome). Nearly all malignancy cases occurred in older HAE patients (> 50 years) and malignancy was diagnosed before HAE in 3 of the patients. Conclusions Our case series identified multiple hereditary angioedema (HAE) patients with co-existing malignancy and immune disorders. Based on these findings, we would advocate that physicians managing HAE patients should maintain a high index of suspicion for these conditions and that in patients with angioedema, C1 inhibitor deficiency and malignancy, a diagnosis of HAE should still be considered in addition to acquired angioedema (AAE).


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Gonzague Martin-Lecamp ◽  
Etienne Meriglier ◽  
Hélene Chaussade ◽  
Ines Aureau ◽  
Celine Pailler-Valton ◽  
...  

Q fever endocarditis may be accompanied by immunological abnormalities complicating the diagnosis. We report two cases of Q fever endocarditis mimicking lymphoma and ANCA-associated vasculitis illustrating the immune disorders that can be triggered by Coxiella burnetii.


2021 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Pavlikova Ksenia ◽  
Tetiana Liadova ◽  
Olga Volobueva ◽  
Olesya Gololobova ◽  
Nataliia Vinnikova

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ribonucleic acid in the correction of immune disorders in patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) caused by EBV. Materials and methods. We examined 110 patients with a mean age of 23.3±4.2 years with IM, among whom women accounted for 52.7 % (n=58). The material for the study was the serum of patients obtained during the disease course. The set of tests of patients with IM included clinical and biochemical methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, polymerase chain reaction method, immunogram. Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed with “Statsoft Statistica v. 10.0 for Windows” using the methods of variation and correlation statistics. Results. The obtained results analysis revealed changes in the system of cellular and humoral parts of the immune system and the diversity of the immune response in patients with IM. The progressive nature of changes in immune parameters indicated the formation of secondary cellular immune imbalance, activation of the humoral link, a change in the balance of immunoregulatory mediators towards Th2 cells. Significant changes in the cellular immune system were observed in the acute period and were characterized by the increase in the number of cells with killer activity, namely mature T-lymphocytes (CD3+), cytotoxic T-suppressor cells (CD8+), cells expressing the activation marker CD25+ (IL-2 receptor), and by the Th1/Th2 ratio increase. The appointment of combination therapy including ribonucleic acid was accompanied by immunomodulatory and antiviral effects, that was reflected in a more pronounced positive dynamics of immunological parameters, namely in strengthening the proliferative response, compared with the group of patients receiving only basic therapy. Conclusion. The expediency of the combination therapy application: the drug Nuclex (ribonucleic acid) (250 mg) 2 capsules 3 times a day for 14 days and valacyclovir (500 mg) at a dose of 1000 mg (2 tablets) 3 times a day for 14 days, is justified for the correction of immune disorders in patients with IM caused by EBV.


2021 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Mustafa Tezeren ◽  
Hussein Abou-Hamdan ◽  
Peng Yu ◽  
Canan G. Nebigil ◽  
...  

: Flavaglines, a family of compounds coming from plants used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, exhibit a broad range of biological effects including anticancer, antiviral, cardioprotectant and anti-inflammatory activities. They exert their action by targeting the scaffold proteins called prohitins-1 and-2, and the mRNA helicases eIF4A and DDX3. Flavaglines are densely functionalized cyclopenta[b]benzofurans that have attracted the attention of some of the most eminent organic chemists. This review provides an overview of the biosynthesis, total synthesis and pharmacological activities of flavaglines, which recently culminated with the entrance of a synthetic derivative, Zotatifin, into clinical trials against advanced solid tumors refractory or intolerant to standard treatments.


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