Research on the Construction of Typhoon Disaster Chain Based on Chinese Web Corpus

China is one of the countries most affected by typhoon disasters. It is of great significance to study the mechanism of typhoon disasters and construct a typhoon disaster chain for emergency management and disaster reduction. The evolution process of typhoon disaster based on expert knowledge and historical disaster data has been summarized in previous studies, which relied too much on artificial experience while less in-depth consideration was given to the disaster exposure, the social environment, as well as the spatio-temporal factors. Hence, problems, such as incomplete content and inconsistent expression of typhoon disaster knowledge, have arisen. With the development of computer technology, massive Web corpus with numerous Web news and various improvised content on the social media platform, and ontology that enables consistent expression new light has been shed on the knowledge discovery of typhoon disaster. With the Chinese Web corpus as its source, this research proposes a method to construct a typhoon disaster chain so as to obtain disaster information more efficiently, explore the spatio-temporal trends of disasters and their impact on human society, and then comprehensively comprehend the process of typhoon disaster. First, a quintuple structure (Concept, Property, Relationship, Rule and Instance) is used to design the Typhoon Disaster Chain Ontology Model (TDCOM) which contains the elements involved in a typhoon disaster. Then, the information extraction process, regarded as a sequence labeling task in the present study, is combined with the BERT model so as to extract typhoon event-elements from the customized corpus. Finally, taking Typhoon Mangkhut as an example, the typical typhoon disaster chain is constructed by data fusion and structured expression. The results show that the methods presented in this research can provide scientific support for analyzing the evolution process of typhoon disasters and their impact on human society.

MAPPING A ERUPTION DISASTER-PRONE AREA IN THE BROMO-TENGGER-SEMERU NATIONAL TOURISM STRATEGIC AREA (CASE STUDY OF MOUNT SEMERU, INDONESIA)

Tourism is a sector of the world's economy, a macro-industry, and dynamic that has the fastest growth rate in the world. Tourism is often associated with beauty and pleasure. But behind that tourism is an economic activity that is very vulnerable to natural disasters, including volcanic eruptions. Management of tourism mapping in the Semeru Volcano disaster-prone area (Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park Tourism Strategic Area) can be used as a reference in development guidelines, disaster mitigation, and recovery in tourist areas. Thus, the purpose of this study is to produce a mapping of disaster-prone areas and the distribution of tourist attractions around Semeru Volcano. The research method used is the use of ArcGIS and Microsoft Excel applications. The data used is from the Population, Tourism, and Disaster Data of Semeru Volcano. The analysis technique uses map buffering and overlaying. Based on the results of the mapping, 57 villages are predicted to be affected and experience heavy losses. The number of villages is divided into 17 villages in Malang Regency and 40 villages in Lumajang Regency. These villages belong to several sub-districts, namely Ampelgading, Poncokusumo, Tirto Yudo, Wajak, Pasrujambe, Candipuro, Pronojiwo, Pasirian, Candipuro, Tempursari, Tempeh, Sumbersuko, and Tempursari. In addition, these disaster-prone areas are areas that have a lot of tourism potential. Most of the tourist attractions are affected by the eruption zone and affected by the lava flow. The tourism objects studied in this study amounted to 23. While the tourist objects that are classified as safe amounted to 11 objects. All tourist attractions around Semeru Volcano require the provision of pre-disaster knowledge, disaster mitigation, and restoration of tourist areas. With this knowledge, tourism will become the main economic sector of the community and can recover quickly after volcanic activity.

Weather-Related Disaster in a Diverse Cohort of Aging Adults

As climate change contributes to increasing frequency and intensity of weather-related disasters, it is critical to define characteristics that increase risk of poor health outcomes during and after events. Given the aging of the United States (US) population and over-representation of older adults in disaster-prone areas, disaster-related impacts on older adults present a growing public health challenge. We linked data from the REGARDS study, a cohort of 30,107 Black and White adults (mean age 65 years at baseline, 2003-2007), with community data from the National Establishment Time Series database and longitudinal weather-related disaster data from the Spatial Hazard Events and Losses Database for the US. We calculated disaster exposure for each year for the county in which the respondents lived from 2003 – 2015: 84% of county-years showed at least some impacts, including 16% of counties experiencing medium impacts ($10- $50 property damage per capita or 2 fatalities) and 12% severe (greater than $50 per capital or 3 fatalities); this mirrors that of the continental US (77% some impact, 15% medium, 13% severe). REGARDS participants exposed to moderate or severe disasters were more likely to be Black and low socioeconomic status compared to those who were not exposed. For community characteristics, higher disaster exposure was associated with a greater density of resources including ambulatory care, food stores, social services, and destinations for daily living. Our approach showcases how disaster preparedness systems need better data about specific individual-and community-level factors that increase risk among older adults to better serve communities.

National Estimates of Climate-Related Disasters among Older Adults with Dementia

Climate-related disasters can have devastating consequences, particularly for the growing population of older adults with dementia. Increasingly, older adults with dementia are aging in place at home, where they often receive assistance for mobility or self-care activities from family and/or paid caregivers. Understanding this population’s experience with climate-related disasters is integral to mitigation, preparedness, and emergency response outside of institutional (e.g., nursing home) settings. We aimed to estimate the population of community-dwelling older adults—including those with dementia—who live in counties that experienced climate-related disasters. We used 2000-2016 data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), linked 2000-2018 with Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) disaster data. We flagged each occurrence of climate-related disaster (e.g., hurricane, flood) and then identified HRS participants living in counties with a disaster declaration. Using survey weights, we obtained population-level estimates by disaster frequency and sample characteristics. In each two-year HRS period, we found that 14.26-20.50 million community-dwelling adults over age 65 in the contiguous US (32.2%-53.7%) resided in a county with at least one disaster. This includes 0.62 -1.12 million persons with dementia, 67.2%-76.8% of whom are reliant on caregivers. On average (per two-year period), more than one-third (36.3%) of community-dwelling older adults living with dementia lived in a county with a least one disaster. Policy makers and emergency planners should strongly consider the needs of older adults at the intersection of dementia and risk of climate-related disasters, with an eye towards ensuring access to mobility and self-care assistance.

Impact Based Forecast analysis uses multi-model ensemble data and National Digital Forecast data in ArcMap 10.8.1

The number of people seeking public weather service information is growing, making it a challenge for all bureaus of meteorology around the world. Although, in the last decade, routine public weather service information has brought excellent weather forecast information for people and services to people with rapid, accurate, widely available, and easy to grasp information, which they may get in a variety of places, such as a website or an application. However, in this decade and in the future, it will not be enough. People want information such as what the impact should be and how people react to that impact, which should be displayed on a static Geographic Information System (GIS) map in a standard format. We will investigate and create an IBF map based on multi-model ensemble data and National Digital Forecast (NDF) data in this work. Then, using the GIS software ArcMap 10.8.1, we rank and score the geographic disaster data to determine the impact area. To create the effect area, we will employ primary and advanced methods of ArcMap 10.8.1. The information on the IBF map will be immediately understood by stakeholders and users.

Developing Sustainable Schools in the Shadow of Active Stratovolcano: A Study at Disaster-Prone Areas of Merapi Volcano

Education is a right for people that must be given to children, even in an emergency of eruption disaster. To ensure the sustainable education during the crisis situations, ideas on how to develop a sustainable school system in the stratovolcano area which is prone to eruption disaster are needed. This research was conducted at schools located in the western side of Merapi Volcano, attempting to provide alternative information about the potential and role of schools in providing education during emergency situations of eruption disaster. Data in the study were collected through interviews, observations, remote sensing image interpretations, and documentations. Data were analysed by scoring and spatial analysis using geographic information systems. The results of the study are as follows. First, schools have the potential to provide education during the disaster emergency situations. School potential consists of physical infrastructure and human resource potential in the form of the role of the principal and teachers. Second, most of the level of school preparedness in facing disasters is still in the low category. This needs to be strengthened to ensure that the schools continue to function during the crisis period. Last, a division of roles in the sister school system is needed based on the location of the school toward the eruption centre. The schools in the safe zone act as a buffer for schools in vulnerable areas. Overall, schools have the potential to keep running the learning process during the crisis periods. This requires good management through the sister school system within the framework of sustainable school initiatives.

What we can learn from 2018 liquefaction in Central Sulawesi: Stories from the survivors

This paper provides the stories of the liquefaction survivors about their experiences during and after the disaster. It is a phenomenological study that used the semi-structured interview to obtain the data. The data were acquired from 30 participants. There are some important points that can be summarised from the stories of the survivors. During the disaster, local people inclined to underestimate the quake at the beginning of the shaking. It could indicate the level of their risk perception and awareness on disaster. In addition, a unique finding from this study was that the survivors had conducted the initial intervention priority as basic resources for survival such as shelter and information of the victims’ identity. Also, regarding the post-disaster data, the results indicated that the survivors experienced the symptoms of trauma due to the disaster. It indicates that the psychological aspect of the survivors was neglected during the recovery process. On that regard, long-term traumatic recovery activities should be put into accounted during the recovery processes for all the victims of a disaster regardless of their ages and genders. Another implication of this study is the opportunity to use these stories into learning activities, both in learning about science or disaster mitigation.

Improving Disaster Data Systems to Inform Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience Building in Australia: A Comparison of Databases

Objective:Disaster impact databases are important resources for informing research, policy, and decision making. Therefore, understanding the underpinning methodology of data collection used by the databases, how they differ, and quality indicators of the data recorded is essential in ensuring that their use as reference points is valid.Methods:The Australian Disaster Resilience Knowledge Hub (AIDRKH) is an open-source platform supported by government to inform disaster management practice. A comparative descriptive review of the Disaster Mapper (hosted at AIDRKH) and the international Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) was undertaken to identify differences in how Australian disasters are captured and measured.Results:The results show substantial variation in identification and classification of disasters across hazard impacts and hazard types and a lack of data structure for the systematic reporting of contextual and impact variables.Conclusions:These differences may have implications for reporting, academic analysis, and thus knowledge management informing disaster prevention and response policy or plans. Consistency in reporting methods based on international classification standards is recommended to improve the validity and usefulness of this Australian database.