operating strategies
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Author(s):  
Mihaela Gabriela Belu

This paper’s objectives are the following: describing the impact of the COVID 19 crisis on the mechanism of export-import operations; the evolution of Romania’s export-import activities during 2020-2021 and identifying some recommendations meant to help companies fight the sanitary crisis’ effects. The study is based on a theoretical research investigating the impact of the sanitary crisis on the management of an export-import operation. Due to disruptions in global supply chains, the companies operating in the field of international trade had to redefine their operating strategies for the foreign markets. The magnitude of these changes related to the transactional mechanism specific to export-import activities will lead to profound mutations in the global supply chain, with benefits in term of resilience in all phases of the supply chain.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8069
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Bayborodina ◽  
Michael Negnevitsky ◽  
Evan Franklin ◽  
Alison Washusen

Conventional fossil-fuel-based power systems are undergoing rapid transformation via the replacement of coal-fired generation with wind and solar farms. The stochastic and intermittent nature of such renewable sources demands alternative dispatchable technology capable of meeting system stability and reliability needs. Battery energy storage can play a crucial role in enabling the high uptake of wind and solar generation. However, battery life is very sensitive to the way battery energy storage systems (BESS) are operated. In this paper, we propose a framework to analyse battery operation in the Australian National Electricity Market (NEM) electricity spot and contingency reserve markets. We investigate battery operation in different states of Australia under various operating strategies. By considering battery degradation costs within the operating strategy, BESS can generate revenue from the energy market without significantly compromising battery life. Participating in contingency markets, batteries can substantially increase their revenue with almost no impact on battery health. Finally, when battery systems are introduced into highly volatile markets (such as South Australia) more aggressive cycling of batteries leads to accelerated battery aging, which may be justified by increased revenue. The findings also suggest that with falling replacement costs, the operation of battery energy systems can be adjusted, increasing immediate revenues and moving the battery end-of-life conditions closer.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7881
Author(s):  
Tatiana González Grandón ◽  
Fernando de Cuadra García ◽  
Ignacio Pérez-Arriaga

Renewable-powered “undergrid mini-grids” (UMGs) are instrumental for electrification in developing countries. An UMG can be installed under a—possibly unreliable— main grid to improve the local reliability or the main grid may “arrive” and connect to a previously isolated mini-grid. Minimising costs is key to reducing risks associated with UMG development. This article presents a novel market-logic strategy for the optimal operation of UMGs that can incorporate multiple types of controllable loads, customer smart curtailment based on reliability requirements, storage management, and exports to and imports from a main grid, which is subject to failure. The formulation results in a mixed-integer linear programming model (MILP) and assumes accurate predictions of the following uncertain parameters: grid spot prices, outages of the main grid, solar availability and demand profiles. An AC hybrid solar-battery-diesel UMG configuration from Nigeria is used as a case example, and numerical simulations are presented. The load-following (LF) and cycle-charging (CC) strategies are compared with our predictive strategy and HOMER Pro’s Predictive dispatch. Results prove the generality and adequacy of the market-logic dispatch model and help assess the relevance of outages of the main grid and of spot prices above the other uncertain input factors. Comparison results show that the proposed market-logic operation approach performs better in terms of cost minimisation, higher renewable fraction and lower diesel use with respect to the conventional LF and CC operating strategies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 250-257
Author(s):  
Chuyue Chen ◽  
Haitao Ouyang ◽  
Jiaqi Tan ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Yuqian Zhan

Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, e-commerce and social media pervade people’s daily life, while offline businesses suffer from loss from traffic. In this paper the SWOT analysis method is employed to examine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for RED, which, as one of the top content social e-commerce platforms in China, achieves outstanding performance under the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper tackles RED’s unique marketing and operating strategies, as well as its weaknesses that relate to operation and costs, and threats that relate to competitors and commercialization. Beside these disadvantages, profitable opportunities also arise from internal and external environment. At the end, the paper provides suggestions for capturing profitable opportunities under the pandemic and Chinese new regulations on cross-border e-commerce.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10641
Author(s):  
Amir Reza Ahmadi Keshavarz ◽  
Davood Jaafari ◽  
Mehran Khalaj ◽  
Parshang Dokouhaki

Companies have been trying continuously to reduce their logistics costs in the current competitive markets. Warehouses are important components of the logistics systems and they must be managed effectively and efficiently to reduce the production cost as well as maintain customer satisfaction. Order-picking is the core of warehouse operations and an order-picking system (OPS) is essential to meet customer needs and orders. Failure to perform the OPS process properly results in high costs and customer dissatisfaction. This research aims to investigate the state of the art in the adoption of OPS and provide a broad systemic analysis on main operating strategies such as simultaneous consideration of order assignment, batching, sequencing, tardiness, and routing need. This study reviews 92 articles, classifies combinations of tactical and operational OPS problems, and provides guidelines on how warehouse managers can benefit from combining planning problems, in order to design efficient OPS and improve customer service. Combining multiple order-picking planning problems results in substantial efficiency benefits, which are required to face new market developments.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1195 (1) ◽  
pp. 012050
Author(s):  
S X H’ng ◽  
L Y Ng ◽  
D K S Ng ◽  
V Andiappan

Abstract Crude oil blending is an important step for the operation of crude distillation systems in the refinery to improve the yield and profitability of the products. The product’s yield and quality are strongly dependent on the properties of the crude oil. However, the products of crude distillation units, especially the vacuum distillation unit (VDU) need to satisfy the yield and quality requirements of the downstream process units in the refinery. Otherwise, the performance of downstream processes will be affected, and loss of profitability in the refinery. Hence, it is important to optimise the performance of the VDU to ensure the optimum operation of VDU. This work covers the process simulation of VDU, surrogate modelling and mathematical optimisation model. The objective of the developed optimisation model is to determine an optimal for maximum high vacuum gas oil (HVGO) yield and minimum total annualised cost (TAC) respectively. To do this, crude oil blending ratio, column temperature, column pressure, stripping steam flowrate, pump-around flowrate in the VDU are optimised. Based on the optimised result, the heavy-light crude blend achieves higher HVGO yield and lower TAC as compared to the heavy-medium crude blend and heavy-medium-light crude blend. The optimised results can provide insight into the optimal process conditions of VDU for the refiners. With this insight, effective operating strategies can be developed to overcome the limitations present in real VDU operations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10492
Author(s):  
Younes Zahraoui ◽  
Ibrahim Alhamrouni ◽  
Saad Mekhilef ◽  
M. Reyasudin Basir Khan ◽  
Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian ◽  
...  

As promising solutions to various social and environmental issues, the generation and integration of renewable energy (RE) into microgrids (MGs) has recently increased due to the rapidly growing consumption of electric power. However, such integration can affect the stability and security of power systems due to its complexity and intermittency. Therefore, an optimal control approach is essential to ensure the efficiency, reliability, and quality of the delivered power. In addition, effective planning of policies for integrating MGs can help promote MG operations. However, outages may render these strategies inefficient and place the power system at risk. MGs are considered an ideal candidate for distributed power systems, given their capability to restore these systems rapidly after a physical or cyber-attack and create reliable protection systems. The energy management system (EMS) in an MG can operate controllable distributed energy resources and loads in real-time to generate a suitable short-term schedule for achieving some objectives. This paper presents a comprehensive review of MG elements, the different RE resources that comprise a hybrid system, and the various types of control, operating strategies, and goals in an EMS. A detailed explanation of the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of MGs is also presented. This paper aims to contribute to the policies and regulations adopted by certain countries, their protection schemes, transactive markets, and load restoration in MGs.


Author(s):  
Maximilian Dietrich ◽  
Kunxiong Ling ◽  
Roland Schmid ◽  
Zhao Song ◽  
Christian Beidl

AbstractDue to a large number of degrees of freedom and connected powertrain functionalities, the development of operating strategies for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles is an especially complex task. Besides optimizations of drivability, noise, vibrations and harshness as well as energy efficiency, the main challenge lies in ensuring emissions conformity. For this purpose, test vehicles are typically applied to achieve a realistic test and validation environment. However, operating strategy calibration using test vehicles has the drawbacks, that (i) it is very time consuming and cost intensive, (ii) it can only be conducted in late development phases and (iii) cannot be applied to reproducing driving loads for a valid comparison. To overcome these issues, this paper presents a consistent engine-in-the-loop approach combining real engine hardware and multiple software elements to represent PHEV behavior at the engine test bench. Thereby, an environment is created, which allows for realistic, flexible, cost efficient and reproducible testing. The effectiveness of the presented framework is evaluated by comparing relevant on-road measurements with their reproduction at the engine test bench. The results show that the vehicle on-road behavior can be replicated using the described testing environment. Particularly engine start/stop behavior and load levels—the core functionalities for operating strategy calibration—are matched. The proven level of realism in powertrain behavior enables further use cases beyond on-road measurement reproduction, i.e. varying individual component properties and observing real-world consequences at the test bench without the need for vehicle tests.


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