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SPERMOVA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-136
Author(s):  
Ide Unchupaico Payano ◽  
◽  
Edith Ancco Gomez ◽  
Eduardo Fernández Curi ◽  
Williams Olivera Acuña ◽  
...  

This study aimed to determine protein and energy metabolites in postpartum Brown Swiss cows and their effect on the presence of subclinical ketosis and reproductive parameters. One hundred cows from four farms in the Mantaro Valley (Junín, Perú) were grouped according to parity (1, 2, 3 and 4). The variables of the metabolic profile (total proteins, blood urea nitrogen [BUN], glucose, βhydroxybutyrate [B-HB]), milk production and body condition were estimated between 7 to 60 days postpartum in 7-day intervals. Likewise, the calving-first heat interval and the pregnancy rate at first service were recorded. The determination of subclinical ketosis was based on a semi-quantitative analysis by levels of B-HB in milk (µmol/l) using a commercial kit. BUN levels ranged between 11.74 and 15.92 mg/dl, being higher in fourth parity cows (p<0.05). The averages of total protein (6.54-7.90 g/dl) were homogeneous between calvings. The glucose values presented an inverse response, being lower in cows of third and fourth parity compared to cows of first and second parity (p<0.05). Similarly, the highest levels of milk production were observed in third parity cows (14.41 ± 5.42 l/d) and fourth parity (15.43 ± 4.36 l/d) with respect to first and second calvers (p<0.05). Body condition was lower in cows with subclinical ketosis. The calving - first heat interval and the pregnancy rate at first service were lower in cows with subclinical ketosis (p<0.05).


Poljoprivreda ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Zvonko Antunović ◽  
Boro Mioč ◽  
Željka Klir Šalavardić ◽  
Ivan Širić ◽  
Valentino Držaić ◽  
...  

The aim of the present research was to determine the hematological and biochemical parameters of the Travnik pramenka ewes during lactation. Thirty‐six ewes in average age of 3-5 years were included in the research. They were monitored in three stages of lactation: early, medium, and late stage. The WBC and RBC, HGB concentration, HCT and MCH values increased significantly as lactation progressed, while significant decrease of MCV and MCHC was determined in blood. HCT was slightly higher in the early compared to late stage, and the MCH in the medium compared to the late stage of lactation. A significant increase in the concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, Na and Cl, as well as a decrease of the Fe concentration was determined. As lactation progressed, the concentrations of urea, total proteins, albumin, globulin and BHB increased, as well as ALT activity. Contrary, concentrations of glucose and NEFA decreased, as well as GGT activity. Obtained results may help in monitoring the health and nutritional status of Travnik ewes. The effect of lactation stage needs to be included in the model when preparing the reference values for the blood parameters of Travnik pramenka ewes, particularly for RBC profiles, energy, and protein metabolites as well as liver enzymes.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2793
Author(s):  
José-Gerardo Uresti-Porras ◽  
Marcelino Cabrera-De-La Fuente ◽  
Adalberto Benavides-Mendoza ◽  
Emilio Olivares-Sáenz ◽  
Raul I. Cabrera ◽  
...  

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of grafting, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), and their interaction on the nutritional composition of bell pepper plants. The treatments evaluated included grafted and non-grafted pepper plants with four concentrations of ZnO NPs (0, 10, 20, 30 mg L−1) applied to the foliage. The following parameters were evaluated: content of N, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, total antioxidants, ascorbic acid, total phenols, glutathione, total proteins, fruit firmness, and total soluble solids. Grafting increased the content of N 12.2%, P 15.9%, K+ 26.7%, Mg2+ 20.3%, Mn2+ 34.7%, Zn2+ 19.5%, Fe2+ 18.2%, Cu2+ 11.5%, antioxidant capacity 2.44%, ascorbic acid 4.63%, total phenols 1.33%, glutathione 7.18%, total proteins 1.08%, fruit firmness 8.8%. The application of 30 mg L−1 ZnO NPs increased the content of N 12.3%, P 25.9%, Mg2+ 36.8%, Mn2+ 42.2%, Zn2+ 27%, Fe2+ 45%, antioxidant activity 13.95%, ascorbic acid 26.77%, total phenols 10.93%, glutathione 11.46%, total proteins 11.01%, and fruit firmness 17.7% compared to the control. The results obtained demonstrate the influence of the use of grafts and ZnO NPs as tools that could improve the quality and nutrient content in fruits of bell pepper crops.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2790
Author(s):  
Manassés dos Santos Silva ◽  
Naiala da Hora Góes ◽  
Janay Almeida dos Santos-Serejo ◽  
Claudia Fortes Ferreira ◽  
Edson Perito Amorim

The present study investigated phenolic compounds and enzymes involved in female fertility in banana plants of the Cavendish subgroup. The wild diploid Calcutta 4 and commercial cultivar Grand Naine (Cavendish subgroup) were used. The following five stages of floral development were proposed: S1 (partial vertical emission), S2 (total vertical emission), S3 (total horizontal emission), S4 (pre-anthesis), and S5 (anthesis). Following collection, pistillate (female) flowers were freeze-dried for the subsequent removal of nectaries and the analysis of phenolic compounds (PCs), antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS), enzymatic activity [peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO)], and total proteins (TPs). The highest values were recorded at the S3 stage, with the values decreasing as the stages progressed (until S5). At the S3 stage, the following results were obtained for Calcutta 4 and Grand Naine, respectively: PCs (32.4 and 36.1 mg GAE·g−1); DPPH (735.2 and 454.4 µM TE·g−1); ABTS (647.8 and 555.5 µM TE·g−1); POD (0.8 and 0.7 µmol·min−1·g−1); PPO (3.7 and 2.7 µmol·min−1·g−1); and TP (3.2 and 2.4 µmol·min−1·g−1). These results indicate that PCs and enzymes regulate female fertility, suggesting that crossbreeding should be performed from the S3 stage in cultivars of the Cavendish subgroup to achieve fruits with seeds.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-52
Author(s):  
Sameh M.A. ◽  
Abdelmordy M.M. ◽  
Ahmed R.E. ◽  
Gamal M.M.

The current work aimed to investigate the potential toxicity of Ag-NPs in male rabbits as a mammalian model, following acute and sub-acute dermal exposure terms. The rabbits were topically exposed to a single acute dose of 2.0% Ag-NPs and the assessments were conducted4 days latter, while a dose of 0.5% was administered every other day for the sub-acute exposure in two time periods (7 and 14 days). The accumulation and retention of Ag+ ions in the skin and their distribution in other vital tissues were measured. In addition, the concentrations of total proteins, lipidparameters and levels of different oxidative stress biomarkers in the skin were also evaluated. The results demonstrated the ability of Ag-NPs to penetrate the skin and accumulate rapidly in the dermal skin, then spread out to the blood and other vital organs. The spleen and liver seemed to be the main target organs. The high levels of Ag+ tissue accumulation affected the concentration of total proteins and acted as a stressor stimulus within the skin, thereby, initiating oxidative stress. The liberated ROS caused disruption of the activities of the antioxidant enzymes GST, GSH, GR, GPx, SOD and CAT as well as increased levels of H2O2 and MDA. The current work showed that the toxicity of Ag-NPs could be attributed to the release of Ag+ ions and the subsequent excessive generation of ROS.


Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1922
Author(s):  
Cristina Cattò ◽  
Federica Villa ◽  
Francesca Cappitelli

Increasing numbers of researches have suggested that some drugs with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mechanisms of action modulate biofilm formation of some pathogenic strains. However, the full contribution of ROS to biofilm development is still an open question. In this paper, the correlations between the antioxidant drug Erdosteine (Er) and its active Metabolite I (Met I), ROS and biofilm development of two strains of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus are presented. Experiments revealed that Er and Met I at 2 and 5 mg/L increased up to three orders of magnitude the number of biofilm-dwelling cells, while the content of ROS within the biofilms was reduced above the 87%, with a major effect of Met I in comparison to Er. Comparative proteomics showed that, 5 mg/L Met I modified the expression of 30% and 65% of total proteins in the two strains respectively. Some proteins involved in cell replication were upregulated, and a nitric oxide-based mechanism is assumed to modulate the biofilm development by changing quorum sensitive pathways. Additionally, several proteins involved in virulence were downregulated in the presence of Met I, suggesting that treated cells, despite being greater in number, might have lost part of their virulence.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1021
Author(s):  
Almudena Escobar-Niño ◽  
Rafael Carrasco-Reinado ◽  
Inés M. Morano ◽  
Jesús M. Cantoral ◽  
Francisco J. Fernandez-Acero

Botrytis cinerea is a critically important phytopathogenic fungus, causing devastating crop losses; signal transduction cascades mediate the “dialogue” among the fungus, plant, and environment. Surface proteins play important roles as front-line receptors. We report the first description of the surfactome of a filamentous fungus. To obtain a complete view of these cascades during infection of B. cinerea, its surfactome has been described by optimization of the “shaving” process and LC–MS/MS at two different infection stages, and with both rapid and late responses to environmental changes. The best results were obtained using PBS buffer in the “shaving” protocol. The surfactome obtained comprises 1010 identified proteins. These have been categorized by gene ontology and protein–protein interactions to reveal new potential pathogenicity/virulence factors. From these data, the percentage of total proteins predicted for the genome of the fungus represented by proteins identified in this and other proteomics studies is calculated at 54%, a big increase over the previous 12%. The new data may be crucial for understanding better its biological activity and pathogenicity. Given its extensive exposure to plants and environmental conditions, the surfactome presents innumerable opportunities for interactions between the fungus and external elements, which should offer the best targets for fungicide development.


Author(s):  
Ogwiji Matthew ◽  
Jatau Isa Danladi ◽  
Natala Audu Joseph ◽  
Sani Dahiru ◽  
Andamin Aliyu Danlami ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E BRINDHA

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the preventive effect of phytic acid on cardiac markers, blood glucose, total proteins, albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, serum uric acid, serum iron, and plasma iron binding capacity in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in male Wistar rats. Rats subcutaneously injected with ISO (85 mg/kg) at an interval of 24 h for 2 days showed a significant increase in the degrees of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), intensity of the bands of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-isoenzyme (LDH1 and LDH2) and the activities of cardiac marker enzymes such as creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in serum with subsequent decrease in the activities of CK, LDH, AST and ALT in the heart. ISO-induced rats showed a significant increase in blood glucose, serum uric acid, serum iron and a decrease in the levels of total proteins, A/G ratio and iron binding capacity. Pretreatment with phytic acid (25 and 50 mg/kg) daily for a period of 56 days positively altered the levels of cTnT, intensity of the bands of the LDH1 and LDH2-isoenzyme and the activities of cardiac marker enzymes, and other biochemical parameters. Thus, phytic acid possess cardioprotective effect in ISO-induced oxidative stress in rats.


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