Four out of ten married women utilized modern contraceptive method in Ethiopia: A Multilevel analysis of the 2019 Ethiopia mini demographic and health survey

Background Modern contraceptive method is a product or medical procedure that interferes with reproduction from acts of sexual intercourse. Globally in 2019, 44% of women of reproductive age were using a modern method of contraception but it was 29% in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the main aim of this analysis was to assess the prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization and associated factors among married women in Ethiopia. Method The current study used the 2019 Ethiopia mini demographic and health survey dataset. Both descriptive and multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression analysis were done using STATA version 14. A p-value of less than 0.05 and an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval were used to report statistically significant factors with modern contraceptive utilization. Result The overall modern contraceptive utilization among married women in Ethiopia was 38.7% (95% CI: 37.3% to 40.0%). Among the modern contraceptive methods, injectables were the most widely utilized modern contraceptive method (22.82%) followed by implants (9.65%) and pills (2.71%). Maternal age, educational level, wealth index, number of living children, number of births in the last three years, number of under 5 children in the household, religion, and geographic region were independent predictors of modern contraceptive utilization. Conclusion In the current study only four out of ten married non-pregnant women of reproductive age utilized modern contraceptive methods. Furthermore, the study has identified both individual and community-level factors that can affect the utilization of modern contraceptive methods by married women in the country. Therefore, concerned bodies need to improve access to reproductive health services, empower women through community-based approaches, and minimize region wise discrepancy to optimize the utilization.

Clinical and statistical assessment of the reproductive health of fertilized women in the Tyumen region and the risks of miscarriage in Western Siberia

Introduction. Loss of pregnancy remains an extremely acute public health problem today. Live birth accounts for only 30% of gestational outcomes, all other pregnancies that occur end in reproductive losses: 30% – implantation, 30% – postimplantation, 10% – spontaneous miscarriages. In conditions of declining birth rates, reducing reproductive losses is the most important element of the state’s demographic policy.Аim. Тo assess the reproductive health of women of fertile age in the Tyumen region, registered in antenatal clinics and other medical institutions in connection with pregnancy, as well as the risks associated with an increase in the frequency of diseases endemic for the West Siberian region.Materials and methods. The study used data from federal statistical observation. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the statistical program Statistica (version 13.0). Quantitative features are described by absolute and relative (percent) indicators. The difference is considered significant at p < 0.05. Results. Despite the increase in the number of women of reproductive age, fertility rates are declining both in the Tyumen region and in the Ural Federal District, as well as in Russia as a whole. The 5-year dynamics of registered pregnancies in the Tyumen region correlates with the dynamics of the birth rate. The incidence of HIV and hepatitis C among pregnant women for five years and for each of the given nosologies exceeds 1% of the number of patients admitted under the supervision of health care facilities. At the same time, since 2018, the incidence of ectopic pregnancy associated with HIV has significantly increased (p >< 000.1). These data also indicate an increased risk of spontaneous abortion in HIV-infected pregnant women (p >< 000.1). From 2016 to 2019, there has been a steady increase in the incidence of ectopic pregnancies and spontaneous abortion in primary pregnant women. The situation has improved somewhat in 2020. Noteworthy is the high share of medical abortion in birth control. Сonclusions. Despite the increase in the number of women of reproductive age, fertility rates are declining both in the Tyumen region and in the Ural Federal District, as well as in Russia as a whole. The 5-year dynamics of registered pregnancies in the Tyumen region correlates with the dynamics of the birth rate. >< 0.05.Results. Despite the increase in the number of women of reproductive age, fertility rates are declining both in the Tyumen region and in the Ural Federal District, as well as in Russia as a whole. The 5-year dynamics of registered pregnancies in the Tyumen region correlates with the dynamics of the birth rate. The incidence of HIV and hepatitis C among pregnant women for five years and for each of the given nosologies exceeds 1% of the number of patients admitted under the supervision of health care facilities. At the same time, since 2018, the incidence of ectopic pregnancy associated with HIV has significantly increased (p < 000.1). These data also indicate an increased risk of spontaneous abortion in HIV-infected pregnant women (p >< 000.1). From 2016 to 2019, there has been a steady increase in the incidence of ectopic pregnancies and spontaneous abortion in primary pregnant women. The situation has improved somewhat in 2020. Noteworthy is the high share of medical abortion in birth control. Сonclusions. Despite the increase in the number of women of reproductive age, fertility rates are declining both in the Tyumen region and in the Ural Federal District, as well as in Russia as a whole. The 5-year dynamics of registered pregnancies in the Tyumen region correlates with the dynamics of the birth rate. >< 000.1). These data also indicate an increased risk of spontaneous abortion in HIV-infected pregnant women (p < 000.1). From 2016 to 2019, there has been a steady increase in the incidence of ectopic pregnancies and spontaneous abortion in primary pregnant women. The situation has improved somewhat in 2020. Noteworthy is the high share of medical abortion in birth control. Сonclusions. Despite the increase in the number of women of reproductive age, fertility rates are declining both in the Tyumen region and in the Ural Federal District, as well as in Russia as a whole. The 5-year dynamics of registered pregnancies in the Tyumen region correlates with the dynamics of the birth rate. >< 000.1). From 2016 to 2019, there has been a steady increase in the incidence of ectopic pregnancies and spontaneous abortion in primary pregnant women. The situation has improved somewhat in 2020. Noteworthy is the high share of medical abortion in birth control.Сonclusions. Despite the increase in the number of women of reproductive age, fertility rates are declining both in the Tyumen region and in the Ural Federal District, as well as in Russia as a whole. The 5-year dynamics of registered pregnancies in the Tyumen region correlates with the dynamics of the birth rate.

Knowledge About Obstetric Hazard Signs and Associated Factors Among Reproductive Age Women in South Eastern Zone of Tigray 2021. Cross Sectional Study

Background: Pregnancy complications are the biggest health problem for women in developing countries. Around 295,000 women worldwide die each year from pregnancy-related causes, and 86% of this maternal mortality occurs in developing countries.Objective: To assess knowledge about obstetric hazard signs among women of reproductive age living in the southeastern zone of the Tigray region, Ethiopia, 2021.Methods: A community-based quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted in the southeastern zone of Tigray. A multi-level random sampling technique was implemented to select the total participants from 410 women of reproductive age. Two districts were selected at random and from these districts 12 Kebels were selected at random and the calculated sample size (410) was proportionally assigned to each Kebele selected. The data was collected through face-to-face / interview with a structured questionnaire from January 20 to February 20, 2021, after it had been ensured that all ethical requirements were met. The collected data was entered into Epidata version 4.2 and then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics with frequency, percentage, table and graph as well as crosstabs were used to present the results. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were used to examine the relationship. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and P-values ​​<0.05 were used to determine the statistical association.Result: Four hundred and ten women of childbearing age participated in the study, which resulted in a response rate of 100%. Leakage of fluid per vagina was the most frequently cited obstetric hazard sign (61%). Overall, one hundred and seventy-two (42%) had a good knowledge of obstetric hazard signs. Educational status of the mother [AOR (95% CI = 2.7 (1.189–6.24)], place of birth [AOR (95% CI = 2.2 (1.6–3.432)] and with a history of ANC follow-up [AOR (95% CI = 2.4 (1.13–5.6)] were found to be independent predictors of women's knowledge of the obstetric hazard sign.Conclusion and recommendation: The mother's educational status, birth site and the history of ANC follow-up were independently related to the women's knowledge of obstetric hazard signs. Therefore, the provision of information, education and communication to women, families and the general community about obstetric hazard signs and related factors has been recommended.

Associations Between Food Insecurity and Common Mental Health Problems Among Reproductive-Aged Women in Kabul-Afghanistan

Background: Food insecurity has been linked to poor health outcomes, however this relationship is poorly understood among women of reproductive age. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between food insecurity and common mental health problems (CMHPs) in this population of women in Kabul, Afghanistan.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 421 women of reproductive age from four health centers located in four randomly selected zones in the city of Kabul. We used the United State Department of Agriculture (USDA) food-insecurity questionnaire, multiple 24-h recall for dietary intake, the Depression, the Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) to assess major mental health problems, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to assess physical activity.Result: Food insecurity affected 69.6% of reproductive-aged women. In total, 44.9, 10.9, and 13.9% of food-insecure participants had food insecurity without hunger, food insecurity with hunger, and food insecurity with severe hunger, respectively. Depression, anxiety, and stress were prevalent among food-insecure participants at 89.4, 90.8, and 85.7%, respectively. Food insecurity was associated with depression (OR = 4.9, 95% CI: 2.7–8.9), anxiety (OR = 4.7, 95% CI: 2.5–8.8), and stress (OR = 3.8, 95% CI: 2.2–6.7). Women's household ownership, family size, and hypertension, on the other hand, were not associated with food insecurity.Conclusion: This study found food insecurity was associated with CMHPs among a sample of reproductive-aged women in Kabul, Afghanistan. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CCFM1019 attenuate polycystic ovary syndrome through butyrate dependent gut-brain mechanism

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age. The gut microbiota has been shown to play a vital role in the pathogenesis of PCOS....

An Overview of Harmful Effects of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

PCOS, a hormone imbalance that causes infertility, obesity etc. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent endocrinopathy among women of reproductive age. It is the most common female endocrine disorder with prevalence rates ranging from 4% to 18%. There are many associated condition with PCOS like obesity, many types of cancer, infertility, cardiac diseases etc. It is confirm that women who have this syndrome are at risk more than other women. The treatment of PCOS is determined by whether a woman wishes to become pregnant or not. If pregnancy is not a goal, then weight loss, oral contraceptives, and the diabetes medication. It should also include all metabolic effects and potential problems. More study and knowledge of the biology of PCOS will lead to better treatment outcomes and patient management.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Family Planning Among the Currently Married Women of Reproductive Age of Shivasatakshi Municipality Jhapa District, Nepal

This study examines the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Family Planning among the Currently Married Women of Reproductive Age (15-49 Years); a case study of Shivasatakshi Municipaity Jhapa district is based on primary data successfully collected from sample survey, covering 100 sample respondents` from 100 sample households. The main objective of the study is to fine out the knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning methods among currently married women of reproductive age group (15-49 years) and the specific objective of the study are to study the socio-economic and demographic determinants of currently use of family planning method and to identify the reason the reason for use and non-use of family planning. Out of 100 sample respondents 83 percent women are literate and 17 percent are illiterate. The major occupations of the respondents are agriculture and services. Among currently married women, 99 percent of respondents are found to be familiar with at least one family planning method. Out of total respondents, 91 percents are ever uses and 92 percent are currently using family planning methods. There is strongly positive relationship existed between use of family planning method and socio-economic and demographic variables like educational status of women and number pf living children. Easily accessible and no side effect are main reasons for using family planning method. Desire for and husband and family’s disagreement are most important reason for not using family planning method.