adipose triglyceride lipase
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Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Tianjiao Li ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Zhanxiang Zhou

The liver is extremely active in oxidizing triglycerides (TG) for energy production. An imbalance between TG synthesis and hydrolysis leads to metabolic disorders in the liver, including excessive lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and ultimately liver damage. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the first step of TG breakdown to glycerol and fatty acids. Although its role in controlling lipid homeostasis has been relatively well-studied in the adipose tissue, heart, and skeletal muscle, it remains largely unknown how and to what extent ATGL is regulated in the liver, responds to stimuli and regulators, and mediates disease progression. Therefore, in this review, we describe the current understanding of the structure–function relationship of ATGL, the molecular mechanisms of ATGL regulation at translational and post-translational levels, and—most importantly—its role in lipid and glucose homeostasis in health and disease with a focus on the liver. Advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatic lipid accumulation are crucial to the development of targeted therapies for treating hepatic metabolic disorders.


2021 ◽  
Vol 297 (4) ◽  
pp. 101206
Author(s):  
Natalia Kulminskaya ◽  
Claudia Radler ◽  
Roland Viertlmayr ◽  
Christoph Heier ◽  
Peter Hofer ◽  
...  

Hepatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia D Fuchs ◽  
Richard Radun ◽  
Emmanuel D Dixon ◽  
Veronika Mlitz ◽  
Gerald Timelthaler ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia R Romero ◽  
Andre Mu ◽  
Janelle S Ayres

Maintenance of energy balance is essential for the overall health of an organism. In mammals, both negative and positive energy balance are associated with disease states. To maintain their energy balance within a defined homeostatic setpoint, mammals have evolved complex regulatory mechanisms that control energy intake and expenditure. Traditionally, studies have focused on understanding the role of macronutrient physiology in energy balance. In the present study, we examined the role of the essential micronutrient iron in regulating energy balance. Using a dietary model, we found that a short course of excess dietary iron caused a negative energy balance resulting in a severe whole body wasting phenotype. This disruption in energy balance was due to an iron dependent increase in energy expenditure caused by a heightened basal metabolic rate and activity level. Using a transgenic mouse model lacking adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) specifically in fat tissue, we found that to meet the increased energetic demands, dietary iron caused increased lipid utilization that required fat specific ATGL-mediated lipid mobilization and wasting of subcutaneous white adipose tissue deposits. When fed dietary iron, mice lacking fat-specific ATGL activity were protected from fat wasting, and developed a severe cachectic response that is necessary to meet the increased energetic demands caused by the dietary regimen. Our work highlights the multi-faceted role of iron regulation of organismal metabolism and provides a novel in vivo mechanism for micronutrient control of lipolysis that is necessary for regulating mammalian energy balance.


Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Nagasawa ◽  
Takahiro Okumura ◽  
Yasuhiro Hara ◽  
Toru Kondo ◽  
Midori Hasegawa ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristyna Brejchova ◽  
Franz Radner ◽  
Laurence Balas ◽  
Veronika Paluchova ◽  
Tomas Cajka ◽  
...  

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