intellectual networks
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2022 ◽  

The complex relation between gender and the representation of intellectual authority has deep roots in European history. Portraits and Poses adopts a historical approach to shed new light on this topical subject. It addresses various modes and strategies by which learned women (authors, scientists, jurists, midwifes, painters, and others) sought to negotiate and legitimise their authority at the dawn of modern science in Early Modern and Enlightenment Europe (1600–1800). This volume explores the transnational dimensions of intellectual networks in France, Italy, Britain, the German states and the Low Countries. Drawing on a wide range of case studies from different spheres of professionalisation, it examines both individual and collective constructions of female intellectual authority through word and image. In its innovative combination of an interdisciplinary and transnational approach, this volume contributes to the growing literature on women and intellectual authority in the Early Modern Era and outlines contours for future research.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-E) ◽  
pp. 397-404
Author(s):  
Nikita Nikolaevich Ravochkin ◽  
Sergey Dmitriyevich Krasnousov ◽  
Liudmila Gennadyevna Korol ◽  
Svetlana Petrovna Shtumpf ◽  
Dmitry Vladimirovich Rakhinsky

The authors of this article examine the issue of the genesis of ideas generated in the course of intersubjective interactions between intellectuals. It is pointed out that ideas, as mental constructs, ideas have gone beyond the subject area of metaphilosophy, in particular, falling into the praxeological dimension, thus turning into independent factors explaining the transformations of social reality. Randall Collins’s theory of intellectual networks was used by the authors of the article as methodology. The role of professional contacts in the process of generating ideas is shown. The article also highlights the importance of modern technologies, which serve as tools that encourage the creation of intellectual constructs and provide transboundariness, one of their basic characteristics. Another focus of the article is the contribution postpositivists have made to the general dynamics of ideas. Apart from that, intersubjectivity of intellectuals’ discourse is considered and conflict-generating factors of producing ideas are analyzed. In the conclusion, the results of the work and its main findings are summarized.


Al-Ulum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-130
Author(s):  
Hasan Asari ◽  
Abd. Mukti ◽  
Subri Subri

The focus of this article is to find out the historical dynamics and intellectual network of pesantren in Bangka. The research method is the historical method of Kuntowijoyo's theory. The result of the research is that the dynamics of the history of Islamic boarding schools in the province of the Bangka Belitung archipelago began with traditional Islamic educational institutions, namely reciting the Koran, then Arabic schools and then developing into Islamic boarding schools. The historical range of the growth of the Islamic boarding school is in accordance with the path of Islamization and the traditional characteristics of Bangka Islam. Meanwhile, the intellectual network of the pesantren of the Bangka community started from the Mecca and Middle East networks around the 1910s. Then the network shifted to its own country, which spread to parts of Sumatra, East Java, West Java and Kalimantan as well as the island of Bangka itself in the decade of the New Order era until post-reformation around the 1970s until now.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Simmons

What happens to the ability to retrace networks when individual agents cannot be named and current archaeology is limited? In these circumstances, such networks cannot be traced, but, as this case study will show, they can be reconstructed and their effects can still be witnessed. This article will highlight how Latin European intellectual development regarding the Christian African kingdoms of Nubia and Ethiopia is due to multiple and far-reaching networks between Latin Europeans, Africans, and other Eastern groups, especially in the wider Red Sea region, despite scant direct evidence for the existence of such extensive intellectual networks. Instead, the absence of direct evidence for Latin European engagement with the Red Sea needs to be situated within the wider development of Latin European understandings of Nubia and Ethiopia throughout the twelfth century as a result of interaction with varied peoples, not least with Africans themselves. The developing Latin European understanding of Nubia is a result of multiple and varied exchanges.


2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-117
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Kressel

AbstractThe article examines the ideological character of Juan Carlos Onganía's dictatorship by exploring its ties and dialogue with Francisco Franco's Spain. Known as the “Argentine Revolution,” Onganía's regime (1966-70) was, the article shows, one of the first Cold War Latin American dictatorship to overtly use Francoist ideology as its point of reference. While building on the conventional wisdom that the legacies of the Spanish Civil War informed right-wing thought in Latin America, the study then shifts its focus to Spain's 1960s “economic miracle” and technocratic state model, observing them as a prominent discursive toolkit for authoritarian Argentine intellectuals. Drawing on newly discovered correspondence and archival sources, the article first excavates the intellectual networks operating between Franco's Spain and the Argentine right during the 1950s and 1960s. Once handpicked by Onganía to design his regime, these Argentine Franco-sympathizers were to decide the character of the Argentine Revolution. Second, the article sheds light on the intimate collaboration between the two dictatorships, and further explores the reasons for Onganía's downfall. In doing so, the study adds to a burgeoning historiographic field that underscores the significance of the Francoist dictatorship in the Latin American right-wing imaginary.


Author(s):  
Giedrė Šabasevičiūtė

AbstractDeparting from the case study of Egyptian intellectuals, focusing particularly on Sayyid Qutb, this chapter explores the relationship between narratives of generational change and cultural renewal. It argues that the observation of intellectual sociability is a productive angle from which to understand the conditions under which generational claims result in the effective reshuffling of the intellectual leadership, aesthetic norms, and principles of intellectual authority. The biography of Qutb (1906–1966), a poet and literary critic who abandoned his literary activity in the mid-1950s to pursue a career in Islamic activism—allows us to observe how the generational narrative articulates with his shifting intellectual networks. As a public intellectual, Qutb was at the forefront of two literary confrontations in early- to mid-twentieth century Egypt in which he made generational claims in order to place himself in the literary tradition that emerged at the beginning of the twentieth century, and later to cut himself off from that tradition by announcing the emergence of a new generation dedicated to political Islam. At the core of these competing uses of generational rhetoric, this chapter argues, is Qutb’s shifting relationship with the senior literary generation, some of whom he had considered his mentors. Departing from the case study, the chapter then argues that collectives defined as generational tend to emerge in tandem with the reshuffling of social bonds that a writer maintains with his seniors, switching from a bond of transmission to one of confrontation. The change announced in the generational narrative is effective when followed by the concrete action of shifting one’s intellectual solidarities from masters to peers, as this is the moment when the masters are abandoned to history and peers are promoted as the new literary generation. Depending on the particular set of relationships in which a writer finds himself, the notion of generation may act as a narrative of either change or tradition.


2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-44
Author(s):  
T.A. Dmitriev ◽  

The article reviews current historical research on the life and work of Max Weber. The completion of the Max Weber Gesamtausgabe (Collected Works) by the Mohr Siebeck publishing house not only made it possible to put a new textual basis behind the systematization of Weber’s legacy — which is key for a general theoretical grounding and self-explanation of sociology — but also elevated historical and biographical studies devoted to Weber. This has been achieved by introducing many new sources and clarifying old ones. The article is based on an analysis of Weber’s most recent intellectual biography published in 2019. It was written by Gangolf Hübinger, a German academic and a member of the MWG editorial staff since 2004. Hübinger’s book presents Weber’s life as a convergence of some concentric circles that revolve around several major themes. Among them are social and cultural features of “organized modernity” as the turning point era in the history of the West; the formative years of Weber as an individual and a scholar; the intellectualization of modernity and its consequences; Weber’s invention of a new academic discipline, political sociology; the intellectual networks with which Weber was involved as a scholar and politician. An important advantage of this new biography is that it provides a detailed description of the current study of Weber’s theoretical legacy and the prospects for the development of a “Weberian paradigm” in today’s social science and humanities.


Modern Italy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-387
Author(s):  
Simone Muraca

From the late 1920s onwards, Italian cultural diplomacy in Portugal was responsible for an increasing number of activities and initiatives directed at the Portuguese intellectual public. From Mussolini's perspective, the ideological ground shared by the Salazar regime and Italian Fascism meant that it was important for Italy to nourish links and exchanges with Portugal. This article examines cultural diplomacy in Lisbon, using one particular centre as the focus of analysis: the Italian Cultural Institute and its networking activities with intellectuals in the Portuguese regime. Within these transnational intellectual networks, a prominent role was taken by the Institute's successive directors between 1928 and 1945. These figures varied substantially in their biographical trajectories and seem to have exemplified the idiosyncrasies and contradictions of Fascist cultural policy in Portugal, which was one of a range of attempts, never fully realised, to export the idea of Italian Fascism.


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