Coherence and Reduction

Synchronic intertheoretic reductions are an important field of research in science. Arguably, the best model able to represent the main relations occurring in this kind of scientific reduction is the Nagelian account of reduction, a model further developed by Schaffner and nowadays known as the generalized version of the Nagel–Schaffner model (GNS). In their article (2010), Dizadji-Bahmani, Frigg, and Hartmann (DFH) specified the two main desiderata of a reduction á la GNS: confirmation and coherence. DFH first and, more rigorously, Tešic (2017) later analyse the confirmatory relation between the reducing and the reduced theory in terms of Bayesian confirmation theory. The purpose of this article is to analyse and compare the degree of coherence between the two theories involved in the GNS before and after the reduction. For this reason, in the first section, I will be looking at the reduction of thermodynamics to statistical mechanics and use it as an example to describe the GNS. In the second section, I will introduce three coherence measures which will then be employed in the comparison. Finally, in the last two sections, I will compare the degrees of coherence between the reducing and the reduced theory before and after the reduction and use a few numerical examples to understand the relation between coherence and confirmation measures.

Question-answer dynamics and confirmation theory in reasoning by representativeness

We show that probabilistic decision-making behavior characteristic of reasoning by representativeness or typicality arises in minimalistic settings lacking many of the features previously thought to be necessary conditions for the phenomenon. Specifically, we develop a version of a classical experiment by Kahneman and Tversky (1973) on base-rate neglect, where participants have full access to the probabilistic distribution, conveyed entirely visually and without reliance on familiar stereotypes, rich descriptions, or individuating information. We argue that the notion of evidential support as studied in (Bayesian) confirmation theory offers a good account of our experimental findings, as has been proposed for related data points from the representativeness literature. In a nutshell, when faced with competing alternatives to choose from, humans are sometimes less interested in picking the option with the highest probability of being true (posterior probability), and instead choose the option best supported by available evidence. We point out that this theoretical avenue is descriptively powerful, but has an as-yet unclear explanatory dimension. Building on approaches to reasoning from linguistic semantics, we propose that the chief trigger of confirmation-theoretic mechanisms in deliberate reasoning is a linguistically-motivated tendency to interpret certain experimental setups as intrinsically contrastive, in a way best cashed out by modern linguistic semantic theories of questions. These questions generate pragmatic pressures for interpreting surrounding information as having been meant to help answer the question, which will naturally give rise to confirmation-theoretic effects, very plausibly as a byproduct of iterated Bayesian update as proposed by modern Bayesian theories of relevance-based reasoning in pragmatics. Our experiment provides preliminary but tantalizing evidence in favor of this hypothesis, as participants displayed significantly more confirmation-theoretic behavior in a condition that highlighted the question-like, contrastive nature of the task.

Evaluation of appliances mobile controller system using expectation-confirmation theory model

Nowadays, most Malaysians have used overpower usage of house appliances. Malaysian does not have the habit of controlling the household’s electricity consumption every day. Reducing electricity consumption is better for the earth, reducing harmful greenhouse emissions and minimizing the household's overall impact. Besides, one of the safety problems that Malaysian currently face is thieves entering the house when the owner is outstation or traveling. The proposed home appliance controller application can control and calculate the power consumption of home appliances. It can also control and set automatic timing based on the light to cause thieves to realize that the house may have people since the lights were turned on. This paper aims to identify the application features of controllers for home appliances, then develop the mobile application not only for gaming or entertainment but for better, enhanced, convenience and efficiency of lifestyle and finally to evaluate the users’ acceptance towards mobile app using expectation-confirmation theory model. Results show that perceived usefulness significant with confirmation (0.61) and continuance intentions (0.69). Perceived usefulness was demonstrated to be an essential predictor of continuance intentions (0.44). With this system or app, house appliances will be communicated and under control by the house owner.

Integration Expectation Confirmation Theory and AISAS Model in Coffee Shop Repurchase Intention

Kopi chuseyo is a coffee shop that stands in the middle of the proliferation of k-popers in indonesia. this coffee shop with a k-pop nuance gets loyal customers and has high purchasing power. kopi chuseyo elevates k-pop as an endorsement and brand image that differentiates it from other coffee shops by implementing a good marketing strategy to achieve a competitive advantage. the research objective was to develop a conceptual model of repurchase intention using the expectation confirmation theory AISAS (Attention, Interest, Search, Action, Share) Model. the population of this research is consumers who have ever consumed chuseyo coffee in indonesia. the sampling technique used non-probability sampling with a total of 108 respondents. the study results in a brand image significantly affected repurchase intention; celebrity endorsement advertisement had no significant effect on repurchase intention. Ckuseyo coffee must maintain the brand image that consumers feel to increase consumer repurchase intention.

What Can the Conjunction Fallacy Tell Us about Human Reasoning?

This chapter briefly summarizes some the main results obtained from more than three decades of studies on the conjunction fallacy. It shows that this striking and widely discussed reasoning error is a robust phenomenon that can systematically affect the probabilistic inferences of both laypeople and experts, and it introduces an explanation based on the notion of evidential impact in terms of contemporary Bayesian confirmation theory. Finally, the chapter tackles the open issue of the greater accuracy and reliability of impact assessments over posterior probability judgments and outlines how further research on the role of evidential reasoning in the acceptability of explanations might contribute to the development of effective human-like computing.

Gratifications and readership of women’s magazines in South Africa

The purpose of this article is to expand knowledge about the gratification obtained from women’s magazines using the Uses and Gratifications Theory and the Expectation Confirmation Theory. A mobile-administered survey instrument was used to collect data from 520 magazine readers in South Africa. Key findings indicate that women’s magazines – queens of the newsstands – remain effective mechanisms in delivering inspiration for how females explore ways to improve themselves and for their social-oriented gratifications. The perceived gratification for the inspirational self-oriented dimension was higher than for the social-oriented dimension. There is also a significant difference between the satisfaction levels of readership behaviour groups.