Evaluation of radish genotypes with special study on sowing geometry at agricultural research institute, Tarnab, Peshawar

The research was carried out on the “Evaluation of Radish genotypes with special study on sowing geometry at Agricultural Research Institute, Tarnab Peshawar”. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design having three replications. The experiment comprised with two factors, one was sowing dates(19th Oct., 4th., Nov., and 19th Nov) and the other was different genotypes (Mino, Local Red and Local White). The data were recorded on Days to germination, Germination (%), Days to edible maturity, Number of leaves plant-1, Leaf length plant-1 (cm), Root length plant-1 (cm), Root diameter plant-1 (cm), root fresh weight (g), Plot weight (kg) and yield (t ha-1). Sowing dates significantly affected all yield parameters. Sowing of radish on 19th October has more number of Leaves (17.44 leaves) plant-1, Leaf length plant(22.611 cm), root length plant-1(24.058 cm), root diameter plant-1(3.12 cm) fresh root weight (503.95g), the maximum plot weight (50.90 kg plot-1) and higher yield (62.36t ha-1) was observed whereas the crop sown on 19th November showed the minimum days to germination (8.88 days), germination percentage (96.88%) and minimum days to maturity (53 days). Among genotypes Mino take minimum days to germinate(8.22 days), maximum germination percentage (99.22), minimum days to maturity (52.778), maximum number of leaves (19.44 leaves), leaf length (23.422 cm), greater root length (24.588 cm), maximum root diameter (3.53 cm), higher root fresh weight (536.62g), higher weight per plot (52.22 kg) and maximum yield (63.54t ha-1). The results emphasized that the suitable time of sowing for Mino genotype is 19th October for Peshawar.

Influence of weather and nutrients (FYM, N and P) on RGR, LAD, NAR and CGR to determine the productivity of maize, wheat and green gram in a cropping system

In a field experiment, conducted during 2018-19 and 2019-20 at the Research Farm, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, factorial combinations of two levels of FYM (0, 10 Mg ha−1) applied to maize; four levels of nitrogen (0, 60, 120, 180 kg N ha-1) and three levels of phosphorus (0, 30, 60 kg P2O5 ha−1) applied to both maize and wheat and subsequent residual effects on green gram were compared. The RGR was at peak in maize at 29oC and in wheat at 12-13 oC. Integral of LAD and incidental solar radiation has significantly improved CGR. The LAD and CGR also shown significant relationship with grain/ seed yield in all three crops. Slightly higher NAR in combination with LAD and SRD can significantly contribute to overall performance of crops. Results indicated that variation in yield across years due to weather fluctuations, irrespective of treatments, was about 16.7 per cent in maize (kharif), 7.93 per cent in wheat (rabi) and 16.8 per cent in green gram (summer).

Conservation agriculture in the southern highlands of Tanzania: learnings from two decades of research for development.

Since its introduction into the Southern Highlands of Tanzania by researchers 25 years ago, Conservation Agriculture (CA) has been well received, researched and the concept proven to be increasing productivity and incomes, enhancing resilience of livelihoods and contributing to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. CA research, as defined by the three interlined principles, was introduced into the Southern Highlands by the Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute (TARI) Uyole, formerly Agricultural Research Institute (ARI) Uyole around 1995. Research results showed a labour saving of up to 70% in CA compared to conventional tillage, yield increases of 26%-100% and 360% for maize and sunflower, respectively, partly attributed to higher moisture content (18%-24%) in CA systems. CA was also found to be much more effective in mitigating dry spells and increasing productivity in maize production in areas where average annual rainfall is less than 770 mm. Economic analysis of maize production showed that profits in CA were three times more than in conventional tillage production at US$526.9 ha-1 and US$ 176.6 ha-1, respectively. Profits were twice as much for beans under CA at US$917.4 ha-1 compared to US$376.3 ha-1 for conventional practice. Studies confirm that 5% of farmers in the Southern Highlands have adopted CA. Increased uptake requires addressing challenges including resistance to change in mindset, inaccessibility of appropriate mechanization and cover crop seeds, traditions of free-range communal grazing of livestock (which makes it difficult for farmers to retain crop residue in their farms) and shortage of investment capital. A holistic value chain approach is recommended in CA interventions, bringing together various stakeholders including scientists, trainers, extension workers, administrators, policy makers, agro-inputs and machinery dealers, machinery service providers, agro-processors and financial institutions. The innovations adaptation set-up brings service providers closer to farmers for co-innovation. Long-term CA programmes are recommended, with farmers being taken through the complete learning cycle in testing CA technologies under their own farm environments. This should be complemented by entrepreneurial CA machinery hire services provision to increase the availability of farm power to smallholders unlikely to have the capital or skills to buy and manage their own machinery. The proof of application of the CA concept in the Southern Highlands has set the stage for further scaling the adoption of CA through support from national policies and programmes.

Effect of foliar spray of micronutrients and hormones on cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.)

In order to achieve optimal plant growth and production, essential nutrients must be readily available in adequate quantities and in a balanced proportion to give a good yield, especially cauliflower which has health benefits that may not be found in many other plants. For this purpose, this experiment was carried out during the seasons 2020-2021 in the on station of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Khulna under Smallholder Agricultural competitiveness project. Although the treatments showed a positive effect on yield, quality and economics but, T1 revealed most significant influence on all parameters under study as compared to T0 (control). For micronutrients and hormone, T1 treatment produced the highest curd yield (29.99 t ha-1) and the lowest (17.04 t ha-1) was control from the varietal effect the highest curd yield was (35.14 t ha-1) from V4 (It Amazuku 33) and the lowest was (16.21 t ha-1) from V5 (BARI Fulcopi-1). In case of combined effect, the highest curd yield (45.16 t ha-1) was obtained from T1V4 and the lowest curd yield (10.27 t ha-1) from T0V1. Therefore, it can be suggested that the highest curd yield and good shape cauliflower curd can be obtained application of Zn 8.83 kg/ha, B 3.5 kg/ha, Ma 8.43 kg/ha and Flora (Hormone) 2 ml/1 L of water. Therefore, foliar application of micronutrients and hormone is suitable way to feed the cauliflower crop to enhance the marketable yield and quality.

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Sustainable Agriculture Research, Vol. 10, No. 4

Sustainable Agriculture Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated. Sustainable Agriculture Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: [email protected] Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 4 Aaron Norris, Texas Tech University, USA Bed Mani Dahal, Kathmandu University, Nepal Darwin Pangaribuan, Lampung University, Indonesia Jiban Shrestha, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Nepal Katarzyna Panasiewicz, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland Luciano Chi, Sugar Industry Research and Development Institute, Belize Manuel Teles Oliveira, University Tras os Montes Alto Douro (UTAD), Portugal Patrice Ngatsi Zemko, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon Roberto José Zoppolo, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (Uruguay), Uruguay Tenaw Workayehu, Hawassa Research Center, Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia Waqar Majeed, University of Agriculture, Pakistan

The Branching Pattern of the Nervus Ischiadicus after Passing through the Foramen Ischiadicum Majus in Hasak Sheep Breed

Background: Hasak is a sheep breed, developed as a result of crossbreeding studies at Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute. The aim of this study was to examine the macroanatomical structure of the nervus ischiadicus outside the cavum pelvis in Hasak sheep breed. Methods: 5 Hasak sheep were used for this study. After opening the body cavities of the cadavers, they were fixed in formaldehyde solution. The branches of the nervus ischiadicus were dissected separately and photographed. Result: It was observed that nervus ischiadicus was emitting nervus gluteus caudalis immediately after leaving the foramen ischiadicum majus. After this branching nervus ischiadicus coursed ventrally and it was divided into two nerves: nervus tibialis and the common root of nervus peroneus communis and nervus cutaneus surae caudalis.

A new bamboo-feeding species, Mohunia manohari sp. nov., (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) and first record of the genus from India

A new record for the leafhopper genus Mohunia Distant from India is provided with description of Mohunia manohari sp. nov. (Arunachal Pradesh: Basar). Type material is deposited in the National Pusa Collection, Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India. Illustrations habitus and male genitalia of healthy and parasitized males are given along with an annotated checklist to species of the genus.

Evaluation of source material for selection Dactylis glomerata in Primorsky Region conditions

Dactylis glomerata is an upland loose-flattened perennial herb, the most shade-tolerant of the common grasses. Low winter hardiness is an obstacle to the wide use of Dactylis glomerata as a grassland crop and a limiting factor for the release of varieties in the Primorsky Region. The devel- opment of highly winter-hardy intensive types of dwarf Dactylis glomerata is an important area of breeding work. The study aims to study promising source material of Dactylis glomerata for further use in creating new winter-hardy, high-yielding varieties. The authors have identified types for the yield of intensive varieties by studying the collection of Dactylis glomerata for the period 2018-2020 in the conditions of the Primorsky Region. The Dactylis glomerata plants reach full development and the highest yields in the third year of life. In terms of green matter yields in the two years of use, several Dactylis glomerata exceed the standard by 29-34%. These are variety samples 41821 Wild (Norway), 40280 Wild (Altai), and Sverdlovchanka 86 (Ural Agricultural Research Institute). The va- rieties Sverdlovchanka 86 (Urals Agricultural Research Institute), Dikorastushchaya (Primorskaya local) and 32028 Dikorastushchaya (Arkhangelskaya region) were distinguished by seed yield in the two years of use, having exceeded the standard by 113-153%. The winter hardiness of plants in the first winter is a limiting factor for Dactylis glomerata in Primorsky Krai conditions. The identified differences in the winter hardiness of plants allow the best of them to be used in selection. In the col- lection nursery of Dactylis glomerata, a variety of varieties with 100% winter hardiness of plants in the first winter after sowing were: 48113 Aukstuole (Lithuania), 41821 Wild (Norway), 40896 Wild (Kazakhstan), Sverdlovchanka 86 (Agricultural Research Institute), Wild (Primorsky Region).

Comparative evaluation of red clover genotypes with the “Pskovskiy mestnyy dvuukosnyy” variety

В статье рассмотрены приёмы восстановления высокоурожайного сорта клевера лугового Псковский местный двуукосный селекции Псковского НИИСХ с целью возвращения его в сельскохозяйственное производство Северо-Западного региона РФ. Сорт Псковский местный двуукосный отличается высокой урожайностью, продуктивным долголетием и устойчивостью к неблагоприятным факторам среды. Имеет повышенный спрос у производственников Псковской области. Однако отсутствие семеноводства, проблемы с выдачей сортовых и посевных документов сдерживают его распространение. Большой интерес представляет использование данного сорта в селекционной работе. В 2018–2020 годах в питомнике ОП Псковского НИИСХ были изучены семь образцов этой культуры (П-101–П-107), полученных из хозяйств области. Посеянные семена собраны с неапробированных посевов предположительно сорта Псковский местный двуукосный, который возделывался в хозяйствах многие годы. Для сравнительного анализа оригинал сорта получили из коллекции ВИР (К-31744). В результате определения типа созревания образцов по количеству междоузлий на стебле и построения вариационных кривых образцы П-103, П-106, П-107 отнесли к позднеспелому типу клевера лугового, что указало на их несоответствие оригиналу. Наиболее близкими по этому показателю к оригиналу оказались образцы П-101, П-102, П-104, П-105. По морфологическим признакам наибольшее сходство с оригиналом имели образцы П-101, П-102, П-103. Методом SDS-электрофореза белковых спектров выявили три позиции, по которым исследованные образцы неапробированных посевов (П-101, П-102, П-103) отличались от К-31744. Для восстановления сорта Псковский местный двуукосный в качестве исходного материала перспективно использование образцов П-101 и П-102 как наиболее схожих с оригиналом по срокам созревания и морфологии. Метод SDS-электрофореза позволяет контролировать селекционные образцы на идентичность сортам клевера лугового. This article reports on the experiment aimed at improving the performance of red clover “Pskovskiy mestnyy dvuukosnyy” to be cultivated in the North-West region of Russia. The variety was bred at the Pskov Agricultural Research Institute and has high productivity, productive longevity and resistance to environmental stresses. This variety is well-known among the farmers in the Pskov region. However poor seed production together with paper issues have negative impact on its wide cultivation. “Pskovskiy mestnyy dvuukosnyy” is a valuable material for plant breeding. In 2018–2020 the Pskov Agricultural Research Institute collected seven red clover specimens (P-101–P-107) from the regional farms. The collected seeds potentially belonged to the “Pskovskiy mestnyy dvuukosnyy” variety. The original variety was obtained from the Federal Research Center N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) as a control (K-31744). As a result, P-103, P-106, and P-107 were shown to be long-seasoned and therefore differed from the control. P-101, P-102, P-104, and P-105 were more similar to the control in their maturation rate. However, P-101, P-102, P-103 morphologically were closer to the original variety. SDS-PAGE showed that P-101, P-102, and P-103 differed from the control (K-31744). P-101 and P-102 were used as parent material to improve “Pskovskiy mestnyy dvuukosnyy” since they were more similar to the one.

On-Farm Evaluation of Production Potential and Economics of Four Crops Based Cropping Pattern

A field experiment was conducted at multi-location testing (MLT) site, Barura under On-Farm Research Division (OFRD), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Cumilla during 2014-16 to determine the productivity and profitability of cropping patterns, viz. Boro (var. BRRI dhan28)-T.Aus (var. BRRI dhan48)- T. Aman (var. BRRI dhan49)-Fallow (existing cropping pattern) and Boro (var. BRRI dhan28)-T. Aus (var. BRRI dhan48)-T. Aman (var. Binadhan-11)-Mustard (var. BARI Sarisha-14) as improved cropping pattern. The results showed that improved cropping pattern provided higher amount of grain and by-product yield. The highest mean REY (18.08 t ha-1), PE (54.61 kg ha-1 day-1), LUE (90.68 %) and SYI (77.12%) was obtained from improved cropping pattern Boro-T.Aus-T. Aman-Mustard and the lowest (14.30 t ha-1 in 2014-15 and 13.98 t ha-1 in 2015-16) from farmers existing cropping pattern. The highest gross return (Tk. 274800 ha-1 in 2014-15 and Tk. 276600 ha-1 in 2015-16), gross margin (Tk. 113950 ha-1 in 2014-15 and Tk. 106750 ha-1 in 2015-16) and BCR (1.70 in 2014-15 and 1.66 in 2015-16) were obtained from improved four crops based cropping pattern (Boro-T. Aus-T. Aman-Mustard). Two years results showed that four crops could be grown one after another in a sequence in the farmers field of Cumilla region for achieving higher system productivity and economic return. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2021, 24(1): 101-108