Potensi Vermisidal Infusa Biji Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus), Rumput Kebar (Biophytum petersianum) dan Kulit Buah Pinang (Areca catechu) terhadap Ascaridia galli secara In Vitro

This study aimed to determine the vermicidal potency of the infusion of Buah Merah seeds, Rumput Kebar and betel nut peels against Ascaridia galli in chickens and body length of male and female A. galli. Dry test materials (5%, 10% and 15% for each concentration) were immersed in 100 ml of distilled water and incubated at 90 °C for 15 minutes. The solution was filtered using filter paper, and the filtrate was used in the treatment. Three active worms that obtained directly from chicken intestines were placed in 15 cm Petri dishes containing 25 ml of each treatment and control solution. Five replications were performed for each treatment. Observations were made 8 hours after treatment for paralysis and worm death. Measurements of the body length were made from the anterior end to the posterior end of the worm using a ruler. Observational data were processed using Anova, the significant difference was continued by the Tukey HSD test (P<0.05) with SPSS 16.0. Conclusion: all the materials used in this study have potential as anthelmintics against A. galli and the highest dose of rumput Kebar infusion is the best vermicidal. The body length of female A. galli is longer than of the male. Keywords: Betel nut peels; Buah merah seeds; Infusion; Rumput kebar; Vermicidal Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi vermisidal infusa biji Buah Merah, Rumput Kebar dan kulit buah Pinang terhadap Ascaridia galli pada ayam dan ukuran panjang tubuh A. galli jantan dan betina. Bahan uji kering (5%, 10% dan 15% untuk masing-masing konsentrasi) direndam dalam 100 ml aquadestillata dan diinkubasi pada suhu 90 °C selama 15 menit. Larutan disaring menggunakan kertas saring, dan filtratnya digunakan dalam perlakuan. Tiga cacing yang aktif bergerak yang diperoleh langsung dari usus ayam, ditempatkan dalam cawan Petri berukuran 15 cm yang berisi 25 ml masing-masing larutan perlakuan dan kontrol. Dilakukan lima ulangan untuk setiap perlakuan. Pengamatan dilakukan 8 jam setelah perlakuan terhadap paralisis dan kematian cacing. Pengukuran dilakukan dari ujung anterior ke ujung posterior cacing menggunakan penggaris. Data hasil pengamatan diolah menggunakan Anova, perbedaan nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey HSD (P<0,05) dengan SPSS 16.0. Kesimpulan: seluruh bahan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini memiliki potensi sebagai anthelmintik terhadap A. galli dan dosis tertinggi infusa rumput Kebar merupakan vermisidal yang paling baik. Panjang tubuh A. galli betina lebih panjang dari pada jantan. Kata kunci: Biji buah merah; Infusa; Kulit buah pinang; Rumput kebar; Vermisidal

Transmission of the effect of Mercurius corrosivus 30 CH on -amylase in cell free medium through water.

Background Mercurius corrosivus 30CH promoted -amylase activity in a cell free medium invitro. -amylase causes hydrolysis of starch. The activity of the enzyme is measured in terms of the amount of maltose liberated due to breakdown of starch. In a number of experimental studies it has been demonstrated that the effect of homeopathic potency would be transmitted from one plant to another through water. Here one leaf of a pair of plants was dipped in water in a beaker. The two beakers were connected by a water filled polythene tube. The effect of treatment of one plant with homeopathic potency would be observed in the directly treated plant as well as the connected plant. Two groups of toads were kept in water in two different containers. The two containers were connected by a water filled polythene tube. The effect of treatment of one group of toads with homeopathic potency would be observed in both the directly treated group as well as the connected group. Objectives The purpose of the present study is to see whether the effect of Mercurius corrosivus 30 CH on -amylase in one test tube would be transmitted to another test tube connected with the former by water filled capillary tube. Methods Mercurius corrosivus 30 CH was diluted with distilled water (1:100). Two hard glass test tubes each containing -amylase were connected with a water filled capillary tube while one test tube received Mercurius corrosivus 30CH solution, the other only the control solution. The control solution consisted of equal amount of 90% ethanol diluted with water (1:100).There were two more test tubes, one containing same amount of distilled water instead of Mercurius corrosivus 30 CH solution and the other test tube the same amount of 90% ethanol (1:100) as in the control set. After 10 mins starch solution in Sodium acetate buffer was added to each test tube. The enzyme in each test tube was allowed to react with starch for 15 mins and then it was stopped by DNSA (Dinitro salicylic acid) solution .The activity of -amylase was measured by standard biochemical process. The breakdown product maltose in each test tube was quantified by a standard curve prepared by measuring the optical density of the maltose solution at 560 nm in a UV-VIS Spectrophotometer. This experiment was repeated 20 times. Results Activity of -amylase was expressed in terms of the amount of maltose liberated from breakdown of starch with standard errors in 15mins at a fixed temperature. The data were analyzed statistically using t-test. Mercurius corrosivus 30 CH enhanced the enzyme activity significantly in the directly treated test tube as well as the connected one (p

Demulsification Behavior of Alkali and Organic Acid in Zinc Extraction

Alkali agents could be used to enhance the extraction of zinc from solution of high concentration, but excess alkali can sensitively lead to emulsification of the solution. In this paper, the emulsification in the extraction process, demulsification, and extraction with different additives and its action mechanism were studied. The results indicate that the associated addition of alkali and organic acid could eliminate emulsification and improve zinc extraction. The extraction ratio of zinc reached 99.61% under the conditions of 104 mL/L organic acid, 80 g/L alkali, and 40% extractant concentration. Zinc hydroxide formed from hydroxyl and zinc ion at sensitively increased pH was the cause of emulsification during extraction. Associated addition of alkali and organic acid could contribute to the control solution pH in the range of 3.0–4.0, which is lower than that of the formation of zinc hydroxide, and therefore, improve zinc extraction.

Quantitative Phase Imaging to Study the Effect of Sodium Dodecyl Surfactant on Adherent L929 Fibroblasts on Tissue Culture Plates

Decellularization is the process of removing cellular components from native tissues or organs to obtain an acellular, collagenous scaffold for use in tissue engineering and organ regeneration. Surfactants are widely used to produce acellular scaffolds for clinical applications. However, cell–surfactants interactions have not been studied in depth. Cell-surfactant interaction was studied in a time-lapsed manner using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution (surfactant) on adherent L929 fibroblasts as a test solution, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution as control solution (isotonic), and deionized water as positive test solution (hypotonic), respectively. The QPI results show changes in the relative height and cross-sectional area of the cells, with various test solutions and exposure times. In particular, it was observed that the removal of the cell with SDS involved the disruption of the cellular membrane and detachment of the cell contents from the adhering surface. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using the QPI technique to understand the decellularization process.

Malaysia's First Successful Implementation of Sand Consolidation Technology as a Primary Sand Control Method Executed during the Drilling Phase: Success Story and Lessons Learned

Field A is a mature hydrocarbon-producing field located in eastern Malaysia that began producing in 1968. Comprised of multistacked reservoirs at heights ranging from 4,000 to 8,000 ft, they are predominantly unconsolidated, requiring sand exclusion from the start. Most wells in this field were completed using internal gravel packing (IGP) of the main reservoir, and particularly in shallower reservoirs. With these shallower reservoirs continuously targeted as good potential candidates, identifying a sustainable sand control solution is essential. Conventional sand control methods, namely IGP, are normally a primary choice for completion; however, this method can be costly, which requires justification during challenging economic times. To combat these challenges, a sand consolidation system using resin was selected as a primary completion method, opposed to a conventional IGP system. Chemical sand consolidation treatments provide in situ sand influx control by treating the incompetent formation around the wellbore itself. The initial plan was to perform sand consolidation followed by a screenless fracturing treatment; however, upon drilling the targeted zone and observing its proximity to a water zone, fracturing was stopped. With three of eight zones in this well requiring sand control, a pinpoint solution was delivered in stages by means of a pump through with a packer system [retrievable test treat squeeze (RTTS)] at the highest possible accuracy, thus ensuring treatment placement efficiency. The zones were also distanced from one another, requiring zonal isolation (i.e., mechanical isolation, such as bridge plugs, was not an option) as treatments were deployed. While there was a major challenge in terms of mobilization planning to complete this well during the peak of a movement control order (MCO) in Malaysia, optimal operations lead to a long-term sand control solution. Well unloading and test results upon well completion provided excellent results, highlighting good production rates with zero sand production. The groundwork processes of candidate identification down to the execution of sand consolidation and temporary isolation between zones are discussed. Technology is compared in terms of resin fluid system types. Laboratory testing on the core samples illustrates how the chemical consolidation process physically manifests. This is used to substantiate the field designs, execution plan, initial results, follow-up, lessons learned, and best practices used to maximize the life of a sand-free producer well. This success story illustrates potential opportunity in using sand consolidation as a primary method in the future.

Evaluation of the Bio-Insecticidal Effect of Ricinus communis (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae) on the Larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Since chemical insecticides favor the emergence of resistance and have disastrous consequences for the environment, we became interested in an alternative control method against Spodoptera frugiperda, more respectful for the environment. We therefore evaluated the effectiveness of the bio-insecticidal effects of plants extracts and oil of castor against the fall armyworm in the laboratory. The laboratory bioassays consisted of evaluating the toxicity of the castor plants extracts and oil by contact and ingestion on fourth instar larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda using a leaf dipping method. It emerges from this study that the mortality of the larvae treated with the bio-insecticide and the control solution varies significantly and that the mortality rate was 100% for dose 1; 85% for dose 2 and 70% for dose 3. The mortality rate for the control solution is 10%. These results testify to the good larvicidal activity of the organic insecticide based on oil, leaves and unripe seeds of castor bean on the fall armyworm.