Kajian Penerapan Mekanisasi Pertanian Berbasis Usaha Pelayanan Jasa Alat dan Mesin Pertanian (UPJA) untuk Sistem Produksi Padi di Kabupaten Banyumas, Purbalingga dan Banjarnegara

<p><em>The use of agricultural equipment and machinery is one way to increase the productivity and efficiency of farming. In order to accelerate the adoption of agricultural equipment and machinery as part of the application of agricultural mechanization, one of which is through the agricultural equipment and machinery service business/usaha pelayanan jasa alat dan mesin pertanian (UPJA). This study aims to analyze the application of agricultural mechanization, especially related to the use of equipment and machinery by UPJA for the rice production system in Banyumas, Purbalingga and Banjarnegara Regencies. Data were obtained, including the ownership of the equipment and machinery, the extent of coverage carried out by the UPJA, the cost of renting the equipment and machinery determined by each UPJA, and the costs incurred for the operation of the equipment and machinery in each UPJA. The results of the calculation of the working capacity of the hand tractor obtained an average of 0.07 ha hour^-1. The lack of ability of equipment and machinery operators as well as the topography of the area and soil conditions are factors that affect the working capacity of the hand tractor in this study. UPJA which has a coverage area of more than the Break Event Point (BEP) value means that the UPJA has met the minimum area that must be processed to break even. The results of the calculation of the B/C ratio are that 9 UPJAs are feasible because the B/C ratio &gt; 1 and 10 UPJAs are not feasible because of the B/C ratio &lt; 1. UPJA whose business is not feasible is expected to improve the managerial and performance of UPJA.</em></p>

Identification of highland peat vegetation in the Sub-district of Lintong Nihuta, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Sumatera, Indonesia

This study aims to identify the structure, composition, and current status of highland peat vegetation in the Lintong Nihuta Sub-district, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Sumatra Province. The research conducted from December 2020 to April 2021. This study uses a survey method. The plots were laid using the purposive sampling method considering that the observed plots were those with naturally growing vegetation and accessible terrain. Sampling used the double plot vegetation analysis method with a plot size of 4 x 4 m for seedlings and 20 x 20 m for saplings obtained by measuring the minimum area of the plot. The data obtained were analyzed for frequency calculations, important value index (IVI), and Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H’). The results of the vegetation analysis showed that from the four existing growth classes, only two growth classes were found at the research site, namely seedlings and saplings with a total of 23 species. The vegetation composition is dominated by shrub habitus which indicates that this peatland has been degraded. The dominant species in the study site were Lepinoria mucronata Rich. and Dicranopteris linearis (Burm.) F. Underw. The value of the biodiversity index (H’) is 0.8 with a low criterion which means the vegetation ecosystem at the study site is unstable

The Consequence of the Legal Application of Forest Area Defense Principles and Approval Principles

Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation is believed to be able to save Indonesia because it is considered to be able to create jobs, assist small business actors, streamline regulations in terms of numbers and simplify regulations to make them more targeted. On the other hand, the job creation law is considered to be detrimental to many groups, such as workers such as laborers, fishermen, and farmers who are also considered to only provide benefits to entrepreneurs. Law Number 11 of 2020 with new rules and amendments to Article 18 and Article 19 of Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry. In Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry, it is regulated that changes in the allocation and function of forest areas are determined by the Government based on the results of integrated research. Second, the area offorest that must be maintained is at least 30% (percent) of the area of river watersheds and/or islands with a proportional distribution. However, in the Job Creation Law the minimum figure of 30% (thirty percent) is no longer mentioned in the amendment article and the abolition of provisions related to the DPR’s authority in giving approval for the transfer of functions/changes in forest areas. This paper aims to find out the principles that have been violated and the legal consequences of applying the article. The research method used in this research is the type of normative legal research. The results of this study indicate that there are deviations from the land principle and the principle of consent which can cause the norms contained in Article 18 paragraph (2) and Article 19 paragraph (2) of Law Number 11 of 2020 to be less enforceable. The abolition of the minimum area of forest area and the abolition of the DPR’s authority to approve the transfer of functions/changes to forest areas, will have the potential to provide greater opportunities for deforestation.

Study on the Implementation of the Green City Development Program (PK2H) through Optimizing Green Open Space (RTH) in Ilir Barat I District, Palembang City

This study aims to analyze the development, utilization, supervision, and control of the green open space program in Ilir Barat I Sub-District, Palembang. This study was conducted in, Ilir Barat I Sub-District, Palembang city.October 2019 to December 2019. On this research used descriptive qualitative methods and analysis of vegetation (Anveg) by using and purposive sampling. Based on the analysis,The Sub-District of Ilir Barat I has a Green Open Space (RTH) covering an area of 101,389 m2 with a percentage of 0.51%. The area of it does not meet the minimum area of green space based on Law No. 26 of 2007 in article 29 paragraph (2) of 30% and has met the requirements of article 29 paragraph (3) of 20%. With the distribution of green open space is the Puncak Sekuning TPU with an area of 40,000 m² with a percentage of 0.20%.The green space location with the smallest area in the stadium of Bumi Sriwijaya has a green space of 1,627 m² with a percentage of 0.01%. The area of green space in the District of Ilir Barat I Palembang based on the results of the study was 101,389 m², while the area of it based on Palembang PRKP data in the Sub-District of Ilir Barat I of Palembang City was 96,166 m². Researcher measurement data has a difference of 5,223 m² with data from the Palembang City PRKP Service. Angsana tree (Pterocarpus indicus), The highest number of tree in green line (road side) is Trembesi (Albizia saman) while in median road is Tanjung (Mimusops elengi).

BIOCLIMATIC OPTIMIZATION: SKYLIGHT GROUND FLOOR NEW BUILDING, UDLA PARK TORRE II

When high thermal comfort and energy efficiency are provided in an academic environment many beneficial effects on student’s comfort, performance, productivity, and health are shown. The research provides a parametric airflow evaluation of a skylight in a ground floor of new educational building assuming a variation of 4 stages with eight scenarios for the admissions office. By means of the bioclimatic analysis, Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) indices, the best internal airflow performance for the study area applying natural ventilation is achieved with the air flow optimization. A minimum area of 1.79 m has been established for extraction and movement of the internal flow, both with the natural extraction louvers system measuring 12 inches by 60 inches and the 18 inches by 60 inches, they work properly. However, the 18 inches by 60 inches system has better effectiveness as it has fewer louver units to be placed, is more homogeneous, avoids turbulence and provides better air extraction. In addition, by having fewer louver units distributed along the length of the skylight, it will allow the operation to be more controlled during the operation of the building. The use of 8 louvers of those proportions, with an individual effective area of 0.23 m and a total of 1.84 m was recommended in accordance with the results obtained.

Mangroves of Maharashtra State (India): Diversity and Sustainability

Mangroves are defined as tropical and sub-tropical forests with a diverse floristic composition bordering the sea on muddy or peaty low lands periodically submerged or influenced by the tides. Maharashtra is one of the coastal states of India, with many rivers emerging from Sahyadri ranges and meeting the Arabian Sea. The coast line available for Maharashtra state is 720 km. Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg, Raigad, Thane and Mumbai are the five coastal districts of the state of Maharashtra. All the districts together have more than 55 small, medium and large estuaries. It is found that estuaries like Vijaydurg shows maximum mangrove area of and estuaries like Kelye shows minimum area. It also reveals that the species like E. agallocha, A. ilicifolius, R. mucronata, A. officinalis and A. marina show maximum percentage of occurrence as compared to the species like X. granatum, C. iripa, B. cylindrica, S. caseolaris, H.fomes and T. gallica. The studies on mangrove biodiversity in five districts show the major variations. The study found 20 typical mangroves, 10 halophytic species, 13 border line mangroves and 15 mangrove associates from all these districts. Among these the uncommon and threatened greet pied Hornbill (Buceros bicornis) have been found at some sites. Some of the common crab species are Uca roseus, Uca lactea annulipes and Uca vocans. The species like Scylla serrata and Portunus pelagius are edible. In the present study 13 sp. of Molluscs, 25 species of edible fish, 9 species of Reptilia, 45 sp. of birds and 10 species of Mammalia are found. It is found that out of twenty-four species analyzed, some species are analyzed as Critically Endangered (CR), some are found Endangered (EN). From this study it is found that all sites being under human pressure the natural zonation pattern is not seen. The existing zonation pattern is a result of natural distribution and human disturbances.

Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement in concrete liquid-containing structures.

Cracking due to shrinkage is a widespread problem in large concrete members such as walls and slabs. When shrinkage strains are restrained, tensile stresses develop in concrete. Concrete cracks when tensile stresses exceed the tensile strength of concrete. In general, concrete standards and codes of practice recommend a minimum area of reinforcement for shrinkage and temperature effects. In some cases, large structural elements provide significant restraint to a concrete member that the specified minimum area of reinforcement needs to be increased. This research studies the response of reinforced concrete walls to shrinkage strains. In this study, nonlinear finite element analysis is applied to simulate the cracking behaviour of concrete and predict crack pattern and tensile stresses in reinforcement in the vicinity of cracks. This research is looking for the effective shrinkage and temperature reinforcement in liquid-containing structures where cracking of concrete is of major concern.

Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement in concrete liquid-containing structures.

Cracking due to shrinkage is a widespread problem in large concrete members such as walls and slabs. When shrinkage strains are restrained, tensile stresses develop in concrete. Concrete cracks when tensile stresses exceed the tensile strength of concrete. In general, concrete standards and codes of practice recommend a minimum area of reinforcement for shrinkage and temperature effects. In some cases, large structural elements provide significant restraint to a concrete member that the specified minimum area of reinforcement needs to be increased. This research studies the response of reinforced concrete walls to shrinkage strains. In this study, nonlinear finite element analysis is applied to simulate the cracking behaviour of concrete and predict crack pattern and tensile stresses in reinforcement in the vicinity of cracks. This research is looking for the effective shrinkage and temperature reinforcement in liquid-containing structures where cracking of concrete is of major concern.

Impacts of the invasive species Caulerpa cylindracea Sonder, 1845 on the algae flora of the west coast of Algeria

The assessment of the impacts of the expansion of the invasive species on taxonomic diversity, the abundance and dominance of groups of algae, the presence and/or absence of species of ecological interest that may or may not be indicative of water quality well mentioned, through the installation of a 20 × 20 cm quadrat representing the minimum area. The observation stations were visited monthly, during a repetitive three-year cycle, during the spring, summer and autumn seasons, periods of maximum growth and development of the algal flora and the results suggest the following facts. The invasive alga Caulerpa cylindracea Sonder, 1845 tends to colonise disturbed ecosystems reflecting a reduction in native algal diversity; in fact, we note a drastic impoverishment of the invaded algal community, represented by a limited number of Macrophyte algae accompanying the invasive taxon in phytosociological surveys and a Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index (H’) and Equitability reduced by 4.49 and 0.77 n the heavily affected station. The number of macroalgal species accompanying the invasive species has dropped by 52% in Salamandre. In addition, the multidimensional analysis, represented by the Hierarchical Ascendant Clustering applied to this case, confirms our results.

Analyzing the Performance of GPS Data for Earthquake Prediction

The results of earthquake prediction largely depend on the quality of data and the methods of their joint processing. At present, for a number of regions, it is possible, in addition to data from earthquake catalogs, to use space geodesy data obtained with the help of GPS. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the efficiency of using the time series of displacements of the Earth’s surface according to GPS data for the systematic prediction of earthquakes. The criterion of efficiency is the probability of successful prediction of an earthquake with a limited size of the alarm zone. We use a machine learning method, namely the method of the minimum area of alarm, to predict earthquakes with a magnitude greater than 6.0 and a hypocenter depth of up to 60 km, which occurred from 2016 to 2020 in Japan, and earthquakes with a magnitude greater than 5.5. and a hypocenter depth of up to 60 km, which happened from 2013 to 2020 in California. For each region, we compare the following results: random forecast of earthquakes, forecast obtained with the field of spatial density of earthquake epicenters, forecast obtained with spatio-temporal fields based on GPS data, based on seismological data, and based on combined GPS data and seismological data. The results confirm the effectiveness of using GPS data for the systematic prediction of earthquakes.