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Vaccine X ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 100113
Author(s):  
Jacob H. Gillis ◽  
Keely N. Thomas ◽  
Senthilkumar Manoharan ◽  
Mallikarjuna Panchakshari ◽  
Amber W. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tércia Moreira Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogu de Sá ◽  
Ed Wilson Rodrigues Vieira ◽  
Elton Junio Sady Prates ◽  
Mark Anthony Beinner ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Due to the social isolation measures adopted in an attempt to mitigate the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, there has been a reduction in vaccination coverage of children and adolescents in several countries and regions of the world. Objective Analyze the number of doses of vaccine against Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) applied before and after the beginning of mitigation measures due to COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Methods The data collected refer to the number of doses of the MMR vaccine applied monthly to the target population residing in Brazil: cahildren, aged 12 months (first dose) and children, aged 9 years (second dose), from April 2019 to December 2020. Differences in MMR vaccine doses from April 2019 to March 2020 (before the start of mitigation measures) and April 2020 to September 2020 (after the start of the mitigation measures) were evaluated. Spatial analysis identified clusters with a high percentage of reduction in the median of applied doses no Brazil. Results There was a reduction in the median of doses applied in the Regions North (− 33.03%), Northeast (− 43.49%) and South (− 39.01%) e nos Estados Acre (− 48.46%), Amazonas (− 28.96%), Roraima (− 61.91%), Paraíba (− 41.58%), Sergipe (− 47.52%), Rio de Janeiro (-59.31%) and Santa Catarina (− 49.32) (p < 0.05). High-high type spatial clusters (reduction between 34.00 and 90.00%) were formed in the five regions of Brazil (Moran’s I = 0.055; p = 0.01). Conclusion A reduction in the number of MMR vaccine doses was evidenced as a possible effect by the restrictive actions of COVID-19 in Brazil.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-148
Author(s):  
O. M. Oluseye ◽  
N. A. Jimoh ◽  
C. A. Ogunleye

Measles has remained endemic in some part of the world where the vaccine is not easily accessible. Although vaccine is available in some parts of the world, with routine immunization services and campaigns, many children are yet to be vaccinated. Hence, this study assessed the knowledge and attitude towards measles and Measles, Mumps and Rubella vaccine (MMR) among mothers in Idi-aba community. This was a descriptive research design using multistage sampling technique to choose participants for the study. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to collect information from participants. After the distribution and collection of the questionnaires, data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results showed that 93.2% (386) and 65.9% (273) participants indicated that they knew what measles and MMR vaccines are respectively. However, overall analysis revealed that only 165 (39%) participants had high knowledge of measles and MMR vaccine while 303 (74%) had good attitude towards measles and MMR vaccine. This study showed that there are some knowledge gaps.  Factors significantly associated with high percentage of mothers having good attitude are occupation (????2=20, P=0.000), income (????2=5.9, P=0.009) and parity (????2=23, P=0.000). In conclusion, this result implies that in order to sustain the good attitude displayed by the mothers, there is need for strategic intensive health educational programs for the mothers of the community.


Vaccine X ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100127
Author(s):  
Alvan Cheng ◽  
Kurt Frey ◽  
Guillaume Ngoie Mwamba ◽  
Kevin A McCarthy ◽  
Nicole A Hoff ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (e) ◽  
pp. e82-e82
Author(s):  
Gopal Nayana ◽  
Nirvanappa Vinay ◽  
H R Umadevi ◽  
M R Suresh ◽  
Nagesha Parvathi

Background: Verrucae or warts are benign epithelial proliferations that occur due to accumulation of keratinocytes induced by HPV. Immunotherapy is a new promising modality which uses the principle of activation of one’s own immunity against the disease. Materials and methods: The study included 40 patients with multiple cutaneous warts in two groups of 20 each. Assigned treatment was injected into the single largest wart at an interval of 3 weeks until complete clearance or for a maximum of 3 times. Results: A statistically significant difference (p=0.018) was seen in the therapeutic response when compared to that of the BCG. All 20(100%) patients in the MMR group showed >50% clearance while in the BCG group 14(70%) patients showed >50% clearance according to Physician’s Global Assessment scores. Conclusions: Intralesional immunotherapy with MMR and BCG vaccines are both safe and promising whereas the therapy with MMR stands out with statistically significant results.


2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Mawuli Nyaku ◽  
Elizabeth Richardson ◽  
Federico Martinon-Torres ◽  
Barbara J. Kuter
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Mohd Iqbal Pandit ◽  
Nissar Ahmad Ganaie

Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. However, like other medicinal products, vaccines are not free from adverse reactions. AEFI is any untoward medical occurrence which follows immunization and which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the usage of the vaccine. The reporting of AEFI’s from the routine system is inadequate due to many reasons. Hence this study was conducted to throw some light and provide the baseline data. To find out the incidence of adverse events following immunization among infants in District Srinagar. It was a prospective study in which parents of infants receiving vaccines were contacted telephonically after specified time intervals to verify the occurrence of adverse events. The children were followed till 30 days of the administration of vaccines up to measles rubella vaccine. The incidence of AEFI reported in this study was 23.03% with 95% CI (22.24% to 23.85%). The most frequently reported AEFI was Fever (54.90%, n=1322), followed by Diarrhea (8.30%, n=200) and Vomiting (8.14%, n=196). AEFI were more in frequency during first week of receiving vaccine and most of the parents of children did not report AEFI after 7 days after vaccination. This study reveals that most of the vaccines associated adverse reactions were of mild and non-serious type and rarely of serious nature, yet proper monitoring of vaccine associated adverse reactions; is too essential. Proper and complete reporting of AEFI’s by field workers needs to be encouraged.


Author(s):  
Prabir Chakravarty

COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, is a contagious disease which has spread across the entire world within one year and four months of its first appearance in Wuhan, China. Since then new mutated strains of SARS-CoV-2 have been detected in most of the countries including India; the first variant being detected in the United Kingdom (B 7.1.1). We had reported earlier that some regions of Indian Territory had minimal spread of COVID-19 in the population. Among them, one exception was territory of Lakshadweep which did not have even a single case of COVID-19 until December, 2020. However, the first case of COVID-19 emerged in Lakshadweep in January, 2021. The significance of spread of COVID-19 in the population which were previously immunized with MMR (Mumps Measles Rubella) vaccine with plausible role of MMR vaccination in management of COVID-19 has been evaluated in this article.


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