Process Simulation and Abrasion Behavior of Jet Electrodeposited Ni–TiN Nanocoatings

In this work, we study jet-electrodeposited Ni–TiN composite nanocoatings (CNCs) for improving abrasion resistance as a function of various nozzle diameters. In addition, COMSOL software is utilized to simulate the process of jet electrodeposition, particularly the influence of spraying speed and pressure of the electrolyte on the abrasion resistance of coatings. Optimization of the nozzle diameter to obtain uniform and high-performance coatings showed that a Φ7 mm nozzle diameter generated the optimum spraying speed and spraying pressure, which results in good micro-hardness and abrasion resistance of the Ni–TiN CNCs. Under these conditions, the 45 steel substrates are coated with a compact layer of uniform and nano-sized TiN particles, which are responsible for the high abrasion resistance of our Ni–TiN CNCs. Our study may motivate researchers to study jet electrodeposition in order to obtain abrasion-resistant coatings.

To the etiology of early and late postpartum hemorrhage

There is no consensus about the causes of early postpartum hemorrhage. V. Ya Ilkevich, V. N. Aleksandrovsky and N. Ye. Kaplun considered the delay in the uterus of the particles of the child's place to be the main etiological factor. On the contrary, GG Genter and KK Skrobansky attached great importance to other factors (inferiority of the myometrium, delay in the uterus of the compact layer of the decidua).

Transcriptome and structure analysis in root of Casuarina equisetifolia under NaCl treatment

Background High soil salinity seriously affects plant growth and development. Excessive salt ions mainly cause damage by inducing osmotic stress, ion toxicity, and oxidation stress. Casuarina equisetifolia is a highly salt-tolerant plant, commonly grown as wind belts in coastal areas with sandy soils. However, little is known about its physiology and the molecular mechanism of its response to salt stress. Results Eight-week-old C. equisetifolia seedlings grown from rooted cuttings were exposed to salt stress for varying durations (0, 1, 6, 24, and 168 h under 200 mM NaCl) and their ion contents, cellular structure, and transcriptomes were analyzed. Potassium concentration decreased slowly between 1 h and 24 h after initiation of salt treatment, while the content of potassium was significantly lower after 168 h of salt treatment. Root epidermal cells were shed and a more compact layer of cells formed as the treatment duration increased. Salt stress led to deformation of cells and damage to mitochondria in the epidermis and endodermis, whereas stele cells suffered less damage. Transcriptome analysis identified 10,378 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with more genes showing differential expression after 24 h and 168 h of exposure than after shorter durations of exposure to salinity. Signal transduction and ion transport genes such as HKT and CHX were enriched among DEGs in the early stages (1 h or 6 h) of salt stress, while expression of genes involved in programmed cell death was significantly upregulated at 168 h, corresponding to changes in ion contents and cell structure of roots. Oxidative stress and detoxification genes were also expressed differentially and were enriched among DEGs at different stages. Conclusions These results not only elucidate the mechanism and the molecular pathway governing salt tolerance, but also serve as a basis for identifying gene function related to salt stress in C. equisetifolia.

Efficiency Improvement in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Modify Titanium Dioxide Formation on Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid Synchronous Dyeing

In this study, the dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) were assembled by using natural dyes extracted from roselle and red phoenix as sensitizer coated fluorine-doped tin dioxide substrate (FTO) plate used a counter electrode for nanocrystalline TiO2. We investigated the formation of modified titanium dioxide on dye-sensitized solar cells by simultaneous dyeing with supercritical carbon dioxide fluid. The photoelectrode is made of compact layer and scattering layer. Supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extracted natural dyestuff and synchronous dyed photoelectric. The photoelectric conversion efficiency is the best at the dyeing parameters of 3000 psi, 50 ºC, and 30 minutes. Experimental results show that adding a scattering layer to the compact layer can improve the conversion efficiency. SEM can observe that the polyethylene glycol-added scattering layer has more pore structures in which improves the electrode’s ability to capture sunlight. The conversion efficiency of 0.13% can be obtained by using 9:1 mixed dyes of anthocyanin and chlorophyll. The photoelectric conversion efficiency with the P25/R-type/PEG scattering layer is about 30% higher than that of a single compact layer. Finally the paper proposes a schematic diagram of the dye-sensitized solar cell.

Zn-Doped SnO2 Compact Layer for Enhancing Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been developing rapidly since they were discovered, and their excellent photoelectric properties have attracted wide attention from researchers. The compact layer is an important part of PSCs, which can transport electrons and block holes. SnO2 is an excellent and commonly used electron transport layer (ETL) material, and doping modification is an effective way to improve performance. Here, Zn with a similar radius to Sn has been introduced to the doping of the SnO2 compact layer to achieve the purposes of conductivity enhancement of the compact layer and followed photoelectric performance improvement of the device. Zn-SnO2 compact layers with different doping concentrations were prepared and applied to mesoporous architecture PSCs. When the doping content was 5%, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device based on the Zn-SnO2 compact layer has increased from 9.08% to 10.21%, with an increase of 12.44%. The doping of SnO2 promotes its application in low-cost PSCs.