columnar cells
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2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
Jun-Xiu Wang ◽  
En-Bo Ma ◽  
Jian-Zhen Zhang ◽  
Shu-Ping Xing

Tissue homeostasis is critical for maintaining organ shape, size, and function. The condition is regulated by the balance between the generation of new cells and the loss of senescent cells, and it involves many factors and mechanisms. The midgut, an important part of the intestinal tract, is responsible for digestion and nutrient absorption in insects. LmDDX47, the ortholog of DEAD-box helicase 47 from Locusta migratoria, is indispensable for sustaining a normal midgut in the nymphs. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, LmDDX47 knockdown resulted in atrophy of the midgut and gastric cecum in both nymph and adult locusts. After LmDDX47 knockdown, the number of regenerative and columnar cells in the midgut was significantly reduced, and cell death was induced in columnar tissue. LmDDX47 was localized to the nucleolus; this was consistent with the reduction in 18S rRNA synthesis in the LmDDX47 knockdown group. In addition, the acetylation and crotonylation levels of midgut proteins were significantly increased. Therefore, LmDDX47 could be a key regulator of midgut homeostasis, regulating 18S rRNA synthesis as well as protein acetylation and crotonylation in the migratory locust.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Yanagawa ◽  
Noriyuki Uesugi ◽  
Masao Nishiya ◽  
Ryo Sugimoto ◽  
Mitsumasa Osakabe ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Low-grade fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung (L-FLAC) is a rare pulmonary tumor resembling fetal lung histologically. Due to its rarity, there is limited information about L-FLAC pathogenesis and biological characteristics. Here, we describe two cases of L-FLAC treated at our hospital and summarize L-FLAC cases reported in the literature. Case presentation: We examined one woman and one man who were 30-years-old and 67-years-old, respectively. Histologically, tumor tissue from both cases had a complex glandular component with clear cuboidal and columnar cells that resembled histological features of fetal lung. In some areas, squamous morules were prominent. Immunohistochemically, nuclear/cytoplasmic expression of β-catenin was detected in both cases. Mutation analysis revealed a CTNNB1 mutation in both cases and a DICER1 mutation in 1 case. No mutations in EGFR, BRAF, KRAS, PIK3CA mutation were found. Conclusions L-FLAC showed a high frequency of CTNNB1 mutation and low frequency of EGFR, KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutation in our examined cases and in previous studies. This rare tumor has unique clinicopathological characteristics with specific genetic aberrations involving the Wnt pathway. These results provide a molecular basis for development of new therapies to treat these tumors.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Li ◽  
Qingming Jiang ◽  
Dongfang Guo ◽  
Yong Cao ◽  
Yangling Peng ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the breast is a very rare and special type adenocarcinoma of the mammary tract. We report a rare case of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the breast with an unfavourable prognosis which was confirmed after surgical resection pathologically. Case summary: At low power appearance, the tumor formed mucus-filled spaces of varying sizes, and with mucus-rich tumor cells lining the walls. The tumor cells were arranged in papillary structures. At high magnification, the tumor cells shown moderate to severe atypia, which were most of simple columnar cells with nuclei in the base and cytoplasm rich in mucin. In some areas, tumor cells proliferated, stratified, and clustered that protruded into the cyst cavity, or formed papillary structures with thin fibrovascular core. Immunohistochemical staining showed cytoplasm CK7 strong positive of tumor cells and cytoplasm negative of CK20, PAX-8 and CDX2, which could exclude metastatic tumors from ovary and intestine. And the tumor cells also demonstrated the basal-like characters such as negative for ER, PR, HER-2 (triple-negative), CK5/6 focal positive, EGFR positive. Besides, a triple negative breast cancer with basal-like features, lymph node, thoracic wall metastasis of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma was found. Conclusion: Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the breast usually have a favorable prognosis, but in this case, it happened lymph node, thoracic wall metastasis, therefore, it needs extra attention of clinical workers.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Khataee ◽  
Madeleine Fraser ◽  
Zoltan Neufeld

AbstractThe morphology and function of epithelial sheets play an important role in healthy tissue development and cancer progression. The maintenance of structure of closely packed epithelial layers requires the coordination of various mechanical forces within the cells and others resulting from interactions with other cells and other tissues or substrates. However, a general model for the combination of mechanical properties which determine the cell shape and the overall structure of epithelial layers remains elusive. Here, we propose a computational model, based on the Cellular Potts Model, to study the interplay between mechanical properties of cells and dynamical transitions in epithelial structures and cell shapes. We map out phase diagrams as functions of cellular properties and the orientation of cell division. Monolayers of squamous, cuboidal, and columnar cells are found when the axis of cell proliferation is perpendicular to the substrate. Monolayer-to-multilayer transition is promoted via cell extrusion, depending on the mechanical properties of cells and the orientation of cell division. The results and model predictions are discussed in the context of experimental observations.


Author(s):  
Fumiko Satoh ◽  
Yutaka Tsutsumi

A 69-year-old man suffered from lethal peritoneal carcinomatosis. At autopsy, no primary lesion was identified in the gastrointestinal, pancreatobiliary, respiratory, urinary and male reproductive organs. The tumor consisted of mucin-containing and gland-forming columnar cells with minimal nuclear atypia. The final diagnosis was primary peritoneal mucinous adenocarcinoma in a man.


2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 030006052110166
Author(s):  
Jun He ◽  
Kaifa Tang

Müllerian duct cyst is a congenital anomaly that originates from an abnormality in the degradation of the Müllerian system and remnants of the Müllerian duct. Müllerian cyst is rarely reported in male adolescents younger than 18 years of age. In this case report, a 17-year-old male adolescent presented with a scrotal mass of 6 years’ duration. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a left scrotal mass, and the patient underwent open surgical resection of the cyst. Histologically, the cyst consisted of tall columnar cells and was consistent with a Müllerian duct cyst. We discuss the presentation and imaging findings in this case, drawing attention to the diagnosis and treatment.


Author(s):  
Harada H ◽  
◽  
Iizuka N ◽  
Nakatsuka SI ◽  
Shima M ◽  
...  

Odontogenic cysts are typical diseases that account for the majority of lesions that occur in the jawbone, among which radicular and dentigerous cysts are the most common. In some cases, metaplastic changes in these cysts result in the development of goblet-like mucous cells admixed with ciliated columnar cells. Odontogenic cysts are of little importance to emergent risk in normal conditions, but such histological alterations could be drastic and even confusing. We examined the expression of MUC family in these cystic lesions and investigated their relationship with histomorphological features. 6 cases of radicular and dentigerous cysts with obvious metaplastic changes were studied. Of these, 4 were male and 2 were female. One case occurred in the maxilla and 5 in the mandible. Immunohistochemically, almost the entire epithelium was positive for MUC1 and MUC4 in all cases, and the decapitation-like protrusions on the surface layer showed stronger expression. MUC5AC was selectively expressed in mucous cells, while MUC2 and MUC6 were negative. The lining epithelium with metaplastic changes closely resembled the bronchial epithelium, and MUC expression indicates a potential role in these morphological changes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
M. A. Olude ◽  
F. E. Olopade ◽  
O. A. Mustapha ◽  
S. T. Bello ◽  
A. O. Ihunwo ◽  
...  

Abstract Ependymal cells line the interface between the ventricular surfaces and the brain parenchyma. These cells, in addition to the choroid plexus, form the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) and serve important functions in the protection and regulation of brain metabolism. The African giant rat (AGR) has been used as sentinels to detect potential neuropathology arising from ecotoxicological pollutions. This study examined the lateral ventricular lining by using histology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Marked variations were observed in some regions of the ventricles which showed multi-layering of ependymal cells that differed from the typical single layered ependymal cells at the apical surface, while subependymal structures revealed indistinctive neuropil and glia following histological examinations. The ependymal cells which form the epithelial lining of the ventricles were comprised of cuboidal or low columnar cells, with the plasmalemma of abutting cells forming intercellular bridge appearing links by: tight junctions (zonula occludens), intermediate junctions (zonula adherens), desmosomes (macula adherens) and infrequent gap junctions. The choroid plexus revealed cells of Kolmer with several cilia and microvilli. The possible functional components of the ependyma and choroid plexus morphology of the AGR are discussed and thus provide a baseline for further research on the AGR brain.


2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692098835
Author(s):  
Feng Wang ◽  
Ming-Hong Shen ◽  
Dan Cao ◽  
Jing-Huan Lv

Ciliated muconodular papillary tumors (CMPTs) are rare peripheral lung lesions, characterized by papillary architecture and ciliated columnar cells admixed with mucous cells and basal cells. Only about 50 cases have been reported to date and is categorized as a benign neoplasm. In this article, we report an extremely rare case of 79-year-old man with a CMPT that developed in his right upper lobe. The central region of the tumor showed features of classic CMPT, while marginal area of the tumor showed the characteristics of invasive lung cancer. In central classic CMPT region, the ciliated, basal, and mucous cells were positive for thyroid transcription factor-1, cytokeratin 7 (CK7), and NapsinA. Basal cells were positive for CK5/6 and p40. Mucous cells were weakly positive for MUC2 and MUC5AC. However, CK5/6 and p40 were negative in the peripheral malignant area. Both of the benign and malignant regions had an EGFR driver mutation in exon 21. We concluded that this tumor was an extremely rare malignant case of CMPT.


Author(s):  
Hemlata Shirsat ◽  
Fang Zhou ◽  
Jason C Chang ◽  
Natasha Rekhtman ◽  
Anjali Saqi ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives To describe the histologic features that are helpful in the diagnosis of the rare bronchiolar adenomas/ciliated muconodular papillary tumors (BAs/CMPTs) during intraoperative consultation. Methods Multi-institutional retrospective review of frozen sections of 18 BAs/CMPTs. Results In 14 of 18 cases, BA/CMPT was the primary reason for sublobar lung resection, and in 4 cases, BA/CMPT was an incidental finding intraoperatively for resections performed for carcinoma in other lobes. There were 11 proximal-type/classic BAs/CMPTs and 7 distal-type/nonclassic BAs/CMPTs. Only 3 (16.7%) of 18 were correctly diagnosed at the time of frozen section, all of which were proximal type/classic. The remainder were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma (n = 7); invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (n = 1); non–small cell lung carcinoma (n = 1); cystic mucinous neoplasm, favor adenocarcinoma (either mucinous or colloid type) (n = 1); favor adenocarcinoma, cannot exclude CMPT (n = 1); atypical proliferation (n = 2); mucinous epithelial proliferation (n = 1); and mucous gland adenoma (n = 1). Conclusions BA/CMPT can potentially be misdiagnosed as carcinoma during intraoperative consultation. On retrospective review of the frozen sections, the presence of the following may help to avoid misdiagnosis: a mixture of bland ciliated columnar cells, mucinous cells, and, most important, a basal cell layer, as well as a lack of necrosis, significant atypia, and mitoses.


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