Effect of Sex Sorted Semen in Synchronized Estrus on Pregnancy Rate and Female Ratio in Gir Cows

Background: At present there is huge demand for Gir cow females however, prolonged inter calving period, more inseminations per conception and post-partum anestrus are the predominant reproductive disorder along with use of unsexed semen limit the birth of more females in Gir cows. The present research study was conducted to study the effect of sex sorted semen in synchronized estrus with Ovsynch protocol on pregnancy rate and gender ratio in Gir cows. Methods: Total twenty Gir cows that have completed post-partum period of sixty days with normal reproductive genitalia, without clinical as well as subclinical infection were selected and divided into two equal groups. The cows from both the groups were synchronized with Ovsynch protocol. In Group- I (n=10), the cows were inseminated with sex sorted semen while in Group-II, the cows were inseminated with coneventional semen. The pregnancy rate and gender ratio was recorded. Result: Efficacy of estrus synchronization was 100.00 per cent for Gir cows treated by Ovsynch protocol in both groups. The pregnancy rate was numerically lower after AI with sex sorted semen (40%) than conventional semen (50%) and results are non significant (P less than 0.05) with 100% calving rate. The proportion of female calves born from sex sorted semen AI was 75% and from conventional semen was 60%. The proportion of live calves born from sex sorted and conventional semen AI was 100%. The sex sorted semen may be used in Ovsynch protocol in Gir cows.

What We Know About Sting-Related Deaths? Human Fatalities Caused by Hornet, Wasp and Bee Stings in Europe (1994-2016)

Epidemiology of Hymenopteran-related deaths in Europe due to bee, wasp and hornet stings (Cause Code of Death: X23) based on official registers from WHO Mortality Database is described. Over a 23-year period (1994-2016), a total of 1,691 fatalities were officially recorded, mostly occurring in Western (42.8%) and Eastern (31.9%) Europe. The victims tended to concentrate in: Germany (n=327; 1998-2015), France (n=211; 2000-2014) and Romania (n=149; 1999-2016). The majority of deaths occurred in males (78.1%), within the age group of 25-64 years (66.7%), and in an “unspecified place” (44.2%). The X23 gender ratio (X23GR) of mortality varied from a minimum of 1.4 for Norway to a maximum of 20 for Slovenia. The highest X23MR, expressed in terms of annual rates and per million inhabitants, were recorded in countries from Eastern Europe (0.35) followed by Western (0.28), Northern (0.23) and Southern Europe (0.2). The countries with the highest and lowest mean X23MR were Estonia (0.61), Austria (0.6) and Slovenia (0.55); and Ireland (0.05), United Kingdom (0.06) and the Netherlands (0.06), respectively. Country-by-country data show that the incidence of insect-sting mortality is statistically low, but not negligible.

The use of Kollapan in the treatment of periodontal diseases

Relevance. Before starting the therapeutic treatment of various periodontal diseases, it should be clearly understood that a high-quality treatment is possible only with complex therapy, excluding local irritating adverse factors in the oral cavity, elimination of inflammatory processes in the periodontal tissues, as well as violations of its function. One of the main tasks of the treatment of periodontal diseases is the preservation of the dentition with a single functional system.Purpose – to assess the use of the drug Kollapan in tooth extraction and treatment of periodontitis.Materials and methods. The clinical observation group consisted of 40 patients aged 19 to 65 years. The gender ratio was 3 : 2 (60% men, 40% women). The largest percentage of patients (65%) came to the clinic with complex tooth extraction. The remaining 35% – with generalized periodontitis of moderate and mild severity.Results. Clinical observation showed that in the first group of patients, whose therapy included the use of Collapan, after a complex tooth extraction, physiological healing of the hole was observed, the disappearance of inflammation within 24–36 hours after the surgery

GENDER, BOARD, AND WORKING CAPITAL

This paper examines the effects of gender board diversity on working capital. The study uses a sample of S&P1500 firms, resulting in 9,157 firm-year observations from 2005 to 2019. Our findings show that greater gender diversity on corporate boards is associated with lower liquidity ratios, including lower non-cash ones. The results are robust to a battery of gender board diversity definitions and to a 2SLS analysis which employs the gender ratio in the county’s population in which the firm is headquartered as an instrumental variable. Based on additional tests of the effects of gender board diversity on managerial efficiency ratios, we conclude that the results are driven by superior monitoring associated with gender diversity on the board.

WASTE MANAGEMENT SERVICE IN INDONESIA BASED ON STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS

Waste management in the big cities of Indonesia is still become a complicated problem. This article aims to analyze the influence of socio-economic factors which consist of GRDP per capita, population density, gender ratio, the proportion of population productive age and education on the efficiency of waste management service (WMS) in provincial capitals in Indonesia. The method used was Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). The resulted WMS efficiency from this study were 0.39. Based on that value, it means the efficiency of WMS are still low and the efficiency can be improved about 61%. It also can be concluded that all variables were significantly influenced the WMS efficiency, except gender ratio. Expected that the result of this study can be used by both central and local government to improve the WMS in Indonesia.

The Ready Made Garments (RMD) Workers’ Gender Ratio in Bangladesh

It has been widely acknowledged that female workers account for 80% of the Ready Made Garments (RMG) industry’s workforce in Bangladesh but a number of studies estimated different male to female workers’ ratios ranging from 35: 65 to 55:45. To contribute to such debate, this paper leverage the data of the ‘Mapped in Bangladesh’ (MiB) project. While the objective of the MiB project is to enable transparency and accountability in the RMG sector by providing the industry stakeholders accurate, updated and authentic factory data collected through the factory census method and published in a digital map; this paper aims to shed light on the male to female ratio of workers employed in the RMG factories of Bangladesh is not 20:80, but it is 42:58 according to the findings from MiB data. Presenting such data, the study seeks to discuss how factory issues can influence the gender composition of RMG Workers. These issues such as factory locations, factory type, factory size and production sections are important to understand the challenges of future research addressing the gender composition of RMG workers in Bangladesh.

O36 LOD (LOSS-OF-DOMAIN) HERNIA TREATMENT WITH INTRAOPERATIVE FASCIA TRACTION. DOES THIS TECHNIQUE MAKE RELEASE OPERATIONS SUPERFLUOUS?

Aim Measurable and controlled stretching of the fascia for 30 minutes during surgery to achieve primary tension-free abdominal wall closure in LOD hernias. This prospective observational study aimed to clarify the extent to which this traction method can function as an alternative to component separation methods. Material and Methods We have already applied this technique in > 50 procedures of LOD hernias. We published the data of first 21 patients treated with intraoperative fascia stretching in seven specialized hernia centers between November 2019 and August 2020. The average patient age was 58 years with a gender ratio of 2.5 males: 1 female. ASA scores were III in 66.7% and II in 33.3%. The body mass index (BMI) averaged 32.5 kg/m2. Thirteen patients were treated with BTA 4 weeks before surgery. Results Intraoperatively-measured fascial distance averaged 17.3 cm (range 8.5–44 cm). After application of diagonal-anterior traction >10 kg for an average duration of 32.3 min (range 30–40 min), the fascial distance decreased by 9.8 cm (1–26 cm) to an average 7.5 cm (range 2–19 cm), which is a large effect (r = 0.62). The fascial length increase (average 9.8 cm) after applied traction was highly significant. All hernias were closed under moderate tension after the traction phase. In 19 patients, this closure was reinforced with mesh using a sublay technique. Conclusions This method allows primary closure of complex LOD hernias and is potentially less prone to complications than component separation methods.

Analysis of the Formation Mechanism of High Bride Price in Rural Areas in the Context of Rural Revitalization Strategy

The bride price, as a deeply influential marriage custom rooted in traditional Chinese society, is an important and indispensable procedure in the process of marriage conclusion. The existence of bride price in the rural society is not wrong, but the high bride price has brought many inconveniences to the farmers’ life. This paper selects X village in south Henan as the research object, and conducts an in-depth investigation on the marriage culture of the village by using literature research and interview method, and makes a detailed interpretation of the bride price and wedding customs in the village, analyzes the inevitability of the existence of “high bride price”, and then concludes that the imbalance of the gender ratio of marriageable men and women, the change of the main body to which the bride price belongs, the parents’ The four reasons for this are: the imbalance in the gender ratio of marriageable men and women, the change in the main body of the bride price, the unlimited parental support, and the influence of “face” of rural people. “As a prevalent phenomenon, we should deal with it rationally and find appropriate ways to curb the high bride price.

SP2.2.17The leaning tower of pasta: lessons in team performance and creativity from a core surgical training boot camp design challenge

Aims Unity of effort is an important component of strategic leadership and management theory associated with Core Surgical Training (CST) outcome. The aim was to determine the impact of team diversity on task completion: a creative design challenge, during CST Boot camp. Methods Attendees (n = 44) at a single Statutory Education Body’s CST Boot camp were stratified into teams related to specialty theme, and set a design challenge as described by Peter Skillman, to build the tallest free-standing tower out of spaghetti (20 pieces), tape (1 m), and string (1 m), with a marshmallow on top in 18 minutes. Primary outcome measure was tower height. Results Five teams (50%) completed the task with the tallest tower measuring 70cm (median 51, range 0-70). Median satisfaction with the simulation exercise was 4 (2-5) on a scale of zero to five, with five corresponding with highest satisfaction. Successful task completion was associated with team surgical specialty (p = 0.032), ethnicity ratio (p = 0.010,), and gender ratio (p = 0.003), respectively. On multivariable analysis, only team gender ratio was independently associated with tower height (HR 0.515, 95% CI 0.350 - 0.759, p = 0.001). Conclusion Modern leadership theory emphasises the important dynamic relationship between individual team members, the team, and task completion. General surgery themed teams with a gender mix were most successful in completing the design challenge; whether relative simulation performance predicts strategic organisational skill and career progression will be the next question.