bowel health
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2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tess E. Cooper ◽  
Amy Dalton ◽  
Anh Kieu ◽  
Martin Howell ◽  
Sumedh Jayanti ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Gastro-intestinal (GI) intolerance is a frequently reported outcome in patients with kidney failure receiving maintenance dialysis and those who have received kidney transplants. Symptoms of GI intolerance (diarrhoea, constipation, bloating, abdominal pain, heart burn, and reflux) are associated with significant reduction in quality of life, morbidity, and increased used of healthcare resources. Having chronic kidney disease (CKD), together with related changes in diet and medication, may alter the gut microbiota and the microbial-derived uraemic metabolites that accumulate in kidney failure, and contribute to various complications including chronic diarrhoea, opportunistic infections, and drug-related colitis. Despite the high disease burden among patients with kidney replacement therapies, GI symptoms are often under-recognised and, consequently limited resources and strategies are devoted to the management of gastrointestinal complications in patients with CKD. Methods The CKD Bowel Health Study is a multi-centre mixed-methods observational longitudinal study to better understand the bowel health and GI symptom management in patients with CKD. The program comprises of a longitudinal study that will assess the burden and risk factors of GI intolerance in patients treated with maintenance dialysis; a semi-structured interview study that will describe experiences of GI intolerance (including symptoms, treatment, self-management) in transplant candidates and recipients; and a discrete choice experience to elicit patient preferences regarding their experiences and perspectives of various intervention strategies for the management of GI symptoms after kidney transplantation. Discussion This proposed program of work aims to define the burden the GI intolerance in patients with kidney failure and generate evidence on the patients’ experiences of GI intolerance and their perspectives on their clinical and own management strategies of these symptoms, ensuring a patient-centred approach to guide clinical decision making and to inform the best study design for intervention trials. Trial registration This study is registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12621000548831. This study has been approved by the Western Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee of New South Wales Health (HREC ETH03007). This study is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Australia Investigator Grant (APP1195414), and an NHMRC Australia Postgraduate Scholarship (APP2005244).


Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
Jin-Young Yang ◽  
Sun Young Lim

Fucoidans are cell wall polysaccharides found in various species of brown seaweeds. They are fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (FCSPs) and comprise 5–20% of the algal dry weight. Fucoidans possess multiple bioactivities, including antioxidant, anticoagulant, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-lipidemic, anti-metastatic, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer effects. Dietary fucoidans provide small but constant amounts of FCSPs to the intestinal tract, which can reorganize the composition of commensal microbiota altered by FCSPs, and consequently control inflammation symptoms in the intestine. Although the bioactivities of fucoidans have been well described, there is limited evidence to implicate their effect on gut microbiota and bowel health. In this review, we summarize the recent studies that introduce the fundamental characteristics of various kinds of fucoidans and discuss their potential in altering commensal microorganisms and influencing intestinal diseases.


2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 462-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Lambert ◽  
Luke Bird ◽  
Addison C. Borst ◽  
Andrew Fuller ◽  
Yanan Wang ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Anton Emmanuel

Constipation is often seen as a minor health problem, but when it becomes chronic it can have a major human impact on the patient and a financial impact on health services. Anton Emmanuel discusses the need for more effective methods of managing bowel health in NHS services.


Author(s):  
Moon Ho Do ◽  
Ye Seul Seo ◽  
Ho-Young Park
Keyword(s):  

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 644
Author(s):  
Michael A Conlon ◽  
Ravigadevi Sambanthamurthi ◽  
Yew Ai Tan ◽  
Kalyana Sundram ◽  
Syed Fairus ◽  
...  

Oil palm fruit is widely used for edible oils, but the health benefits of other components are relatively unknown. We examined if consuming a polyphenol-rich extract of the fruit, from a vegetation by-product of oil processing, which also contains fibre, has gastro-intestinal benefits in rats on a Western-type diet (WD). The oil palm preparation (OPP) was added to food (OPP-F) or drinking water (OPP-D) to provide 50 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/d and compared to effects of high amylose maize starch (HAMS; 30%) in the diet or green tea extract (GT; 50 mg GAE/d) in drinking water over 4 wk. OPP treatments induced some significant effects (P < 0.05) compared to WD. OPP-D increased caecal digesta mass, caecal digesta concentrations of total SCFA, acetate and propionate (OPP-F increased caecal butyrate concentration), the numbers of mucus-producing goblet cells per colonic crypt, and caecal digesta abundance of some bacteria which may provide benefit to the host (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila and Ruminococcus gnavus). HAMS induced similar effects but with greater potency and had a broader impact on microbe populations, whereas GT had minimal impacts. These results suggest dietary OPP may benefit the large bowel.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip K. Malipatlolla ◽  
Piyush Patel ◽  
Fei Sjöberg ◽  
Sravani Devarakonda ◽  
Marie Kalm ◽  
...  

Abstract Chronic intestinal injury after pelvic radiotherapy affects countless cancer survivors worldwide. A comprehensive understanding of the long-term injury dynamics is prevented in available animal models. With linear accelerators that are used to treat cancer in patients, we irradiated a small volume encompassing the colorectum in mice with four fractions of 8 Gy per fraction. We then determined the long-term dynamics of mucosal injury, repair, and the duration of inflammation. We show that crypt fission, not cell proliferation, is the main long-term mechanism for rescuing crypt density after irradiation, and provides a potentially wide window for clinical interventions. Persisting macrophage aggregations indicate a chronic mucosal inflammation. A better understanding as to how crypt fission is triggered and why it fails to repair fully the mucosa may help restore bowel health after pelvic radiotherapy. Moreover, anti-inflammatory interventions, even if implemented long after completed radiotherapy, could promote bowel health in pelvic cancer survivors.


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