risk construction
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

23
(FIVE YEARS 6)

H-INDEX

5
(FIVE YEARS 1)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10603
Author(s):  
Bumjin Han ◽  
Seunghyun Son ◽  
Sunkuk Kim

Recent studies on safety in various fields use the concept of safety climate to explain the causes of safety accidents. Many studies attempt to measure the safety climates and identify the causes for accidents in the high-risk construction industry. Studies have shown that the higher the level of the safety climate, the lower the accident rate at construction sites. Methods of measuring safety climate, including the NOSACQ-50 survey, have been presented. Studies on the methodology of measuring safety climate should be continued to improve reliability and precision. Although many studies have been conducted to measure safety climate, such as questionnaires, regression analysis, and suggestions for safety climate measurement methods, there are few studies on a systematic literature review of them. This requires a systematic literature review (SLR) of the studies conducted so far. This study conducted an SLR on the definition and measurement methods of safety climate in the construction industry published since 2000, when safety climate’s impact on accidents began to be established. This review study utilized the PRISMA method, analyzed 735 studies, and selected 57 papers finally. SLR was carried out for selected research works, and the results were summarized. There are three methods to measure safety climate: literature survey, questionnaire, and data analysis. Factor analysis, development of measuring model, development of questionnaire, statistical analysis, and machine learning were investigated as their sub-methods. This study’s results can be used as fundamental sources for improving existing methods and developing new methods of measuring safety climate in the construction industry.


Author(s):  
Tom Rausch

While many discourse analysts have explored the frame semantics of risk and health communication during outbreak response from media or doctor–patient perspectives, the discourse patterns of members of health organisations remain largely unexplored. This article is specifically concerned with risk construction processes during pandemics through the added value of understanding the communication patterns of African health experts, who have been found to be insufficiently included in outbreak response. I examine how members of an African health consortium express evaluative stance on outbreak response mechanisms, with a particular focus on the West African Ebola epidemic (2013–2016), and on their own work. I explore how they draw on stance to construct an organisational identity in the international field of outbreak management. Conducted as part of a 12-month ethnographic study, I focus on interviews with organisational members and draw on Appraisal theory to conduct a systematic analysis of the speakers’ expressions of stance. The article’s contributions are two-fold: it expands the study of the communicative processes in the field of emerging pathogens to the context of African health consortiums, and it establishes how an underrepresented expert group negotiates access and claims space in the debate on outbreak response.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Górecki ◽  
Manuel Díaz-Madroñero

More and more construction projects are closed before they ever start. Among the most significant reasons for project failures is cost risk. Construction companies have many problems with reliable cost management. Rising demands of the key market players insist on making construction projects more sustainable according to the simultaneous improvement of the economic, environmental and social responsiveness dimensions. In order to investigate these problems, a four-phase research methodology has been followed consisting of: (1) literature review to identify research trends and gaps, (2) survey to construction experts to detect their subjective perspectives about risk costs and analyse the corresponding costs structure for the investment in sustainable projects, (3) simulations based on Monte Carlo simulation with an author’s methodology for calculating the cost risk with an additional statistical analysis, (4) ending questionnaire to obtain the final feedback from the experts and the validation of obtained results. A contribution to the development of knowledge about cost risk is the observation that the changing probability distributions of individual cost-generating components may include both economic as well as technological and organizational aspects. Thus, with the proposed approach, often complex, global challenges of sustainable construction projects can be tackled in an accessible way.


2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 04059
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Wang ◽  
Wei Yin

Based on the external reconstruction project of B bid section road project in the upper reaches of Ya-lung River, this paper takes the total consideration of whole construction period control, construction risk, construction difficulty and investment saving of the Duozegou Bridge, and puts forward some optimization suggestions. From the aspects of the feasibility of the optimization, economic comparison and selection, this paper makes a deep discussion on the section of this road line, and obtains obvious results, which has won the great praise of the owner company. Meanwhile, this paper summarizes the experience for similar projects in the future, and provides reference for other similar projects at the same time.


Revista Trace ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Julien Rebotier

Las mutaciones urbanas contemporáneas, en particular en países del Sur, hacen del riesgo mucho más que un mero objeto de estudio. Además de una contextualización necesaria para poder pensar su construcción en el espacio urbano, según aspectos materiales e inmateriales, es importante subrayar la dimensión causal del riesgo urbano en la construcción del espacio urbano. Los enfoques sectoriales y técnicos de estudio de riesgo no permiten abarcar ampliamente dicha complejidad. Afianzar la construcción territorial y construcción de riesgos en una combinación sistémica ayuda a explorar las relaciones complejas entre territorios y riesgos urbanos. El análisis de un “contexto geográfico” dentro del cual se articulan situaciones de riesgo entonces historizadas, en calidad de “momentos geográficos”, favorece la comprensión de las condiciones de construcción de los riesgos. Estudiar la dimensión territorial del riesgo urbano en Caracas permite fundamentar y articular en un trabajo de campo diferentes influencias epistemológicas mediante la asociación de enfoques territoriales y de una postura constructivista y eminentemente social. Los territorios de riesgo urbano son la traducción geográfica de un orden social a través de una categoría unánime y poco cuestionable: el riesgo urbano. Uno no se limita a un estudio local circunscrito en el espacio, sino que se puede valer de una lectura geopolítica, muy reveladora del orden socio-espacial que caracteriza el contexto urbano. Elaborar una metodología de reflexión a propósito del riesgo partiendo de los retos planteados por la realidad socio-ambiental urbana es una manera de cuestionar las ciencias sociales, su epistemología y su práctica, afirmándose la vocación crítica de dichas ciencias.Abstract: Current urban transformations, especially in southern countries, turn risk into something more complex than a mere topic. “Making context” is a key point to think about risk construction in urban space, as regards both material and intangible aspects, and it is important to underline the place of urban risk in the construction of urban space. Fragmental and technical surveys of risks do not allow us to take into account such a complex relationship. By merging territorial and risk constructions into a systemic model, we hope to know better the territory / risk interactions. The analysis of “geographical context” where historicized situations of risks can take place as a “geographical moment” makes the understanding of conditions of risk construction easier. Based on fieldwork, the study of territorial dimensions of urban risk in Caracas is a way to strengthen and articulate different epistemological perspective. It has been the opportunity to articulate territorial approaches and socio-historical ones. Territories of urban risks are a geographical translation of a social order based on a unanimous and hard-toquestion category: urban risks. This is not just a limited study isolated in space. It is rather a way to put forward a geopolitics approach, very meaningful about the urban socio-spatial order at stake. Drawing a methodology about risk analysis which starts from the challenges of the urban socio-environmental reality is a way to question social sciences, their epistemological basis, and it is also a way to strengthen their critical aspects.Résumé : Les mutations urbaines contemporaines, en particulier dans les pays du Sud, font du risque beaucoup plus qu’un simple objet d’étude. En plus d’une contextualisation nécessaire pour penser sa construction dans l’espace urbain, selon des aspects matériels et immatériels, il est important de souligner la dimension causale du risque urbain dans la construction de l’espace urbain. Les approches sectorielles et techniques du risque ne permettent pas d’embrasser une telle complexité. Associer la construction territoriale et la construction des risques dans un modèle systémique aide à explorer les relations complexes entre territoires et risques urbains. L’analyse d’un “contexte géographique” dans lequel s’articulent des situations de risque alors historicisées, en tant que “moments géographiques”, favorise la compréhension des conditions de construction des risques. Étudier la dimension territoriale du risque urbain à Caracas permet d’assoir et d’articuler, sur un travail de terrain, différentes influences épistémologiques grâce à l’association d’approches territoriales et d’une posture constructiviste et éminemment sociale. Les territoires de risque urbain sont la traduction géographique d’un ordre social par le biais d’une catégorie unanime et difficile à remettre en question: le risque urbain. On ne se limite pas à une étude ponctuelle circonscrite dans l’espace, mais on peut valoriser une lecture géopolitique, très révélatrice de l’ordre socio-spatial qui caractérise le contexte urbain. Elaborer une méthodologie d’étude du risque en partant des défis posés par la réalité socioenvironnementale urbaine est un moyen de mettre en question les sciences sociales, leur épistémologie, et leurs pratiques, en affirmant toujours plus leur vocation critique.


Author(s):  
Linda C. Fentiman

This chapter addresses risk construction in the context of mandatory vaccination laws. Vaccines prevent contagious disease outbreaks by achieving vaccination levels that protect the public through “herd immunity.” Yet vaccines have become a victim of their own success. Today, childhood immunization rates are falling nationwide, increasing the likelihood of disease outbreaks in communities where vaccination “exemptors” cluster. Vaccination is the one area of children’s health in which mothers who choose not to provide medical care to their children are neither condemned nor prosecuted. The construction of risk in the vaccine context shows how important racial and class stereotypes are in affecting our view of risk.


Author(s):  
Linda C. Fentiman

This chapter explores the psychosocial process of risk construction, explaining general processes of risk perception, risk communication, and risk management. These unconscious and powerful processes create subliminal biases and stereotypes and affect the discretionary decisions of prosecutors, judges, and juries. Health care professionals wield tremendous power in deciding when to disclose confidential patient information to law enforcement if they believe that a patient, especially a pregnant woman, has engaged in “risky” behavior.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document