Limiting amino acids supplementation in low crude protein diets and their impacts on growth performance and carcass composition in Labeo rohita (rohu) adult fish

Ninety days study was conducted in hapas installed in earthen ponds. Fish of an average initial weight (220g) were evenly distributed in triplicate groups within fifteen hapas. Five experimental diets labeled as T1 (25% CP and NRC recommended amino acid level) as control diet, T2 (with 2% low protein and 5% amino acid supplementation), T3 (with 2% low protein and 10% amino acid supplementation), T4 (with 4% low protein and 10% amino acid supplementation) and T5 (with 4% low protein and 20% amino acid supplementation) were prepared. Fish were fed with @3% of their body weight twice a day at 10.00 & 16:00 hour. Significantly higher percent weight gain (420.18 ± 66.84a) and specific growth rate (13499.33±1273.54a) along with improved feed conversion ratio (1.29 ± 0.09b) and hundred percent survivals were recorded during the trial. Furthermore proximate analysis of meat showed significant improvement in the crude protein level (81.77 ± 0.19a) served with diet containing 20% limiting amino acids mixture. Therefore, limiting amino acids can be a source of cost effective feed and use safely in L. rohita diet.

Use of low dosage amino acid blends to prevent stress-related piglet diarrhea

Weaning is a challenging period for piglets associated with reduced feed intake, impairment of gut integrity, and diarrhea. Previous studies demonstrate that supplementation with single functional amino acids promote piglets’ performance due to the improvement of intestinal health. Thus, we hypothesized that a combination of functional amino acids provided beyond the postulated requirement for growth could facilitate the weaning transition. Ninety piglets, initially stressed after weaning by 100 min overland transport, received a control diet or the same diet supplemented with a low-dosed (0.3 %) mixture of amino acids (AAB-1: L-arginine, L-leucine, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-cystine; AAB-2: L-arginine, L-leucine, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-cystine, L-tryptophan) for 28 days. Fecal consistency was ranked daily, growth performance was assessed weekly. On day 1 and 14 of the trial, blood samples were collected from a subset of 10 piglets per group to assess concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1. After 28 days of feeding, tissues were obtained from the same piglets to analyze gut morphology and relative mRNA expression of genes related to gut function. Even if the stress response as indicated by rectal temperature was not different between the groups, pigs supplemented with AAB-2 showed firmer feces after weaning and less days with diarrhea compared to control. Furthermore, the jejunal expression of the MUC-2 gene was reduced (P < 0.05) in group AAB-2. Both amino acid mixtures increased crypt depth in the duodenum. Collectively, the given results indicate that 0.3 % extra amino acid supplementation might alleviate post-weaning diarrhea but did not alter growth performance of weanling piglets.

Metabolomic impacts of branched-chain amino acid supplementation during endurance exercise: a crossover study

BackgroundSerotonin syntheses in the brain requires a steady supply of tryptophan. Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and tryptophan are transported across the blood-brain barrier by the amino acid transporter LAT1. BCAA supplementation is predicted to decrease serotonin biosynthesis through LAT1 competition and reduce central fatigue during exercise. Despite a strong theoretical basis for BCAA to attenuate serotonin production and fatigue during exercise, a number of human clinical trials have failed to demonstrate these benefits. To shed light on this discrepancy, we measured the impact of BCAA supplementation on serotonin and associated metabolites during exercise.MethodsA cohort of endurance runners (n=10) participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial to determine impact of BCAA supplementation during a 60-minute run at 65% of VO2 max. Metabolomic analysis targeted for serotonin and untargeted analysis for biomarkers of BCAA supplementation using LCMS were performed on serum samples collected immediately before and after exercise.ResultsSerum BCAA levels were greater in the supplement group compared to placebo (p<0.05). Serum serotonin was lower immediately after BCAA supplementation and before exercise (p<0.05) but not after exercise. L-ornithine increased during exercise with BCAA treatment compared to placebo. Ratings of perceived exertion were no different in BCAA and placebo groups.ConclusionsBCAA supplementation led to a rapid decrease in serum serotonin concentration relative to placebo, which may be indicative of a central nervous system (CNS) mediated process. After exercise with BCAA supplementation, endurance athletes did not show lower serum serotonin concentration, but did present an almost three-fold increase in L-ornithine which has metabolic connections to cortisol and central fatigue.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04969536, retrospectively registered 20 July 2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04969536

Increase in Fruity Ester Production during Spine Grape Wine Fermentation by Goal-Directed Amino Acid Supplementation

The aim of this work was to enhance the levels of fruity esters in spine grape (Vitis davidii Foёx) wine by goal-directed amino acid supplementation during fermentation. HPLC and GC-MS monitored the amino acids and fruity esters, respectively, during alcoholic fermentation of spine grape and Cabernet Sauvignon grape. HPLC was also used to determine the extracellular metabolites and precursors involved in the synthesis of fruity esters. Alanine, phenylalanine, and isoleucine levels in spine grape were less than those in Cabernet Sauvignon. Pearson correlation between amino acid profile and fruity ester content in the two systems indicated that deficiencies in alanine, phenylalanine, and isoleucine levels might have limited fruity ester production in spine grape wine. Supplementation of these three amino acids based on their levels in Cabernet Sauvignon significantly increased fruity ester content in spine grape wine. Interestingly, goal-directed amino acid supplementation might have led to changes in the distribution of carbon fluxes, which contributed to the increase in fruity ester production.

204 Awardee Talk: Recent Advances in Protein Nutrition in Horses

Protein has been recognized as an essential nutrient for animals for well over 100 years. Protein plays many important structural and metabolic roles, and some of its component amino acids have additional functions, including as regulatory molecules, as energy substrates and in the synthesis of other non-protein molecules. Skeletal muscle makes up approximately 50% of body weight in horses, with protein being the major non-water component. As an athletic species, the development and maintenance of muscle mass is of the utmost importance in horses. Because muscle mass is largely determined by the balance of rates of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown, understanding how these pathways are regulated and influenced by dietary protein and amino acid provision is essential. Historically, much research regarding protein nutrition in horses has focused on the protein digestibility of different feed ingredients, and the adequacy of different protein sources in supporting the growth and maintenance of horses. This presentation will focus on some of the current areas of active research relating to protein nutrition in horses: the activation of the signaling pathways that regulate muscle protein synthesis, amino acid supplementation in athletic horses, protein metabolism in aged and horses and those with insulin dysregulation, and amino acid and protein nutrition in predominantly forage-fed horses. There are many exciting opportunities for future research in the area of protein and amino acid nutrition in horses across the lifespan.

513 Late-Breaking: Effects of Dietary Protein Content and Crystalline Amino Acid Supplementation Patterns on Gut Health of Weaned Pigs Raised Under Different Sanitary Conditions

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) content and crystalline amino acids (CAA) supplementation patterns on the histomorphology, immune response, and microbial metabolites in weaned pigs under clean (CSC) or unclean sanitary conditions (USC). One hundred forty-four piglets (6.35 ± 0.63 kg BW) were assigned to 1 of 3 diets: a high CP (HCP; 21%) and two low CP (LCP; 18%) diets supplemented with 10 crystalline indispensable amino acids (IAA) to meet all IAA requirements or only 6 IAA (Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Val, and Ile) to meet IAA requirements except for Leu, His, and Phe. Each treatment had 8 replicates per sanitary condition with 3 pigs per pen. The CSC room was cleaned and washed weekly, whereas the USC room remained unwashed throughout the experiment and had sow manure spread in the pens. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with orthogonal contrasts. Pigs fed the LCP diets had longer (P &lt; 0.05) jejunal villi and higher villus height to crypt depth ratios than those fed the HCP diet. No significant difference is found in histomorphology between pigs fed LCP diets with different CAA supplementation patterns. Pigs raised under USC had greater (P &lt; 0.05) plasma interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6 concentrations and reduced (P &lt; 0.05) plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentration. Also, the LCP diets resulted in a greater (P &lt; 0.05) plasma IL-10 concentration. Interactions (P &lt; 0.05) between sanitation and dietary CP content were observed for goblet cell density and acetate and total volatile fatty acids contents in the jejunum. In conclusion, CAA supplementation patterns did not affect gut morphology in weaned pigs. Feeding LCP diets to weaned pigs improved gut morphology and microbial metabolites in jejunum under USC and ameliorated systemic inflammation induced by USC.